Martyrs

ON THE HOLY MARTYRS,

TIMORIUS, JANUARIUS, MACARIUS, CONNEXUS, MAXIMA, AND CONCESSA,

AT CARTHAGE AND ELSEWHERE IN AFRICA.

Timorius, Martyr, at Carthage in Africa (St.)

Januarius, Martyr, elsewhere in Africa (St.)

Macarius, Martyr, elsewhere in Africa (St.)

Connexus, Martyr, at Carthage in Africa (St.)

Maxima, Martyr, elsewhere in Africa (St.)

Concessa, Martyr, at Carthage in Africa (St.)

G. H.

The most ancient Martyrology of Saint Jerome, composed nearly a thousand years ago, and hitherto praised by us, Six Martyrs suffered in Africa, thus begins this day: "6th day before the Ides of April. In Africa, of Timorius, Januarius, Macarius, Connexus, Maxima, Concessa." In other transcripts of this Martyrology only four are named; and in the Blumian manuscript they are thus referred to: "In Africa, the birth of Saints Thimor, Macarius, Connexus, Maxima." But "Maximus" is read in the Lucca and Corbie transcripts; and instead of Macarius, in the former is "Mecarius," in the other "Moecharius." In the very ancient Reichenau manuscript, some at Carthage, or of Augia Dives, the monastery near Constance in Swabia, a double class is constituted in this manner: "In Africa, of Januarius, Macarius, and at Carthage of Concessus, Timorius, Connexus, and elsewhere of Maximus, Solutor," etc., but "Connexus, Maximus" should be read, which in others is "Maxima": and "Elsewhere Solutor," as will immediately appear from the following class. Likewise "Concessa" should be read: for Concessus pertains to the following class. In the manuscript of the Rhinau monastery among the Helvetians, also the first two are attributed to Africa, and the next two to Carthage, the last two being omitted. In the Trier manuscript of Saint Maximinus it is read thus: Timothy is put for Timorius, "In Africa the birth of Timothy, Macarius, Connexus, Maxima." In the Vatican manuscript marked number 5949 is found: "In Greece, of Saint Timothy." Omitting the place in the calendar of the Ambrosian Missal printed in the year 1560, Timothy the Martyr is also mentioned: whom we plainly think to be this Timorius: for whom in the Tamlacht manuscript we judge the name "Major" is repeated, the place likewise omitted. Rabanus also establishes two classes thus: "In Africa of Januarius, Macarius, and Maxima. And at Carthage of Concessa." and for Macarius Macaria is also read. The author of the spurious Bede (for his genuine Martyrology is wanting) has the same, but "Macaria" is printed, for which in the Richenberg manuscript under the name of the same Bede "Macarius" is also read, and Concessa is called a Virgin. Meanwhile

in the notes on the cited Bede, these things are read in the present-day Roman Martyrology: "In Africa, of the holy Martyrs Januarius, Maxima, and Macaria. At Carthage, of Saint Concessa, Martyr." Which Notker thus joins: "In Africa, of Saints Januarius, Macarius, Maxima, Concessa, and many others." Thus also "Macarius" is read in Usuard and in all manuscript codices, but with the name sometimes distorted at the beginning.

[2] A great war is here stirred up against the ancient Martyrologies, when Saint Concessa, who suffered in Africa, Not to be understood as Carthage situated in Spain. and is there ascribed to Carthage by various authors, is transferred to Spain, as if the recently concocted Chronicle of Flavius Lucius Dexter prevailed over the said Martyrologies, in which at the year 300, number 11, these things are written: "At Carthage in Spain, Saint Concessa, an excellent Martyr." Therefore Tamayo-Salazar inscribed her in his Spanish Martyrology with this eulogy: "At Carthage in Spain, the martyrdom of Saint Concessa the Virgin, celebrated among all: by which constantly, for the divinity of Christ and for the name of the faith, she obtained double crowns." And in a similar manner he adds a certain Life of hers, prettily contrived by himself, and brings forward various opinions on the origin of Carthago Spartaria.

[3] Relics of a certain Saint Januarius at Bologna. Masinus in his Bononia perlustrata on this day celebrates the memory of Saint Januarius Martyr, because some Relics of a certain Saint Januarius Martyr are preserved in the church of Saint Benedict in the Galliera square.

ON THE HOLY MARTYRS

CONCESSUS, SOLUTOR, SUCCESSUS, PINNARUS, AND AMMONIUS.

Concessus, Martyr (St.)

Solutor, Martyr (St.)

Successus, Martyr (St.)

Pinnarus, Martyr (St.)

Ammonius, Martyr (St.)

G. H.

The second class of Martyrs is thus set forth in the most ancient Martyrology of Saint Jerome already cited: Five Martyrs, "And elsewhere, of Concessus, Solutor, Successus, Pinnarus. Likewise of Ammonius." The same, with Ammonius omitted, are referred to in the Lucca and Blumian transcripts. But all are with an addition in the Corbie manuscript printed at Paris, in these words: "And elsewhere, of Concessus, Salutor, Pinnarus, Ammonius, Successus, Donata." In the manuscript of the Queen of Sweden, highly esteemed by Holstenius, it is thus read: "And elsewhere, of Concessus, Solutor, Successus with two others, who are Pinnarus and Ammonius." In the Barberini manuscript are referred to Concessus, Ammonius, and Successus. In the Trier manuscript of Saint Maximinus and the Reichenau manuscript, Solutor, Successus, and Ammonius are mentioned. In the Paris manuscript of Labbe and the Augsburg manuscript of Saint Ulric there are five, but mixed with others, and in one "Successa," in the other "Concessa" are written, which are Successus and Concessus. In the manuscript Florarium these things are found: "On the same day, Saints Maximus, Solutor, Timorius, Connexus, Donatius, whether Donatus and Demetrius are to be added. Demetrius." Thus in the Liège manuscript, after the three referred to from the former class, Donatus and Demetrius are added. But they seem to have been transferred here from the following day; and accordingly we omit both Donatus, and Donata, referred to above, with Demetrius. There is also in the Tamlacht manuscript Reganus, but unknown to others. For Solutor in the Corbie and Aachen manuscripts it is called Salutor, and perhaps in the Arras, Tournai, and Liessies manuscripts Salvator. Whether Solutor in others is Salutor and Salvator? Indeed, on the preceding day there is Salvator, Martyr in England, in Greven, Canisius, and the author of the Florarium, who is unknown to the English, and perhaps for those words "And elsewhere," intruded by someone "In England." Usuard joined both classes together, when he hands down these things: "In Africa, Macarius, Martyrs, and nine others." But Notker wrote "many others." Wandelbert from the former class joins Maximus, but in others Maxima, and from this class Solutor, in this verse:

Maximus also holds the sixth day before the Ides, and Solutor.