Julius

ON SAINT JULIUS,

Roman Pontiff.

IN THE YEAR 352.

Julius, Roman Pontiff (St.)

BY G. H.

CHAPTER I.

Time of the See. Basilicas built. Decrees enacted.

The author of the most ancient Catalogue of the Roman Pontiffs, which is ended with the death of Saint Julius and the creation of his successor Liberius, most accurately (as an eyewitness) describes the time of the See of Saint Julius and the buildings constructed by him at Rome, in these words: "Julius, fifteen years, two months, six days. He was in the times of Constans, from the consulship of Felicianus and Titianus, from the 8th day before the Ides of February to the day before the Ides of April, when Constantius Augustus for the fifth time and Constantius Caesar were Consuls." Of the buildings here reported we shall treat presently, when what we touch upon concerning the time of his See has been expounded. Saint Julius created Pope February 6, in the year 337. Therefore Saint Julius was created on February 6 of the year 337, when the consuls were Felicianus and Titianus; in whose consulship Constantine the Great died on May 22, on the very day of Pentecost, as is clear from Eusebius

in Book 4 of his Life, chapter 64, and from Socrates Book 1, last chapter, and others. In the division of Constantine's Empire among his three sons, I Constans obtained Italy, Illyricum, Macedonia, Greece, and the regions bordering the Black Sea with part of Africa, and reigned until the year 350. In which year, with Sergius and Nigrinianus as consuls, he was killed by Magnentius, who, having assumed tyranny, obtained the Empire in Italy, Africa, and Gaul, after the death of Constantine the brother, with the additions of Constans joined. But in the year 352, with Constantius Augustus for the fifth time and Constantius Gallus Caesar as Consuls, the Tyrant Magnentius, defeated in Pannonia by the Emperor Constantius, betook himself to Italy and the city of Rome: but understanding that Aquileia had been broken through by Constantius himself, and fearing his Generals looming over him, having left Italy, he fled in the month of September; and in the following year, again defeated at the Cottian Alps, he killed himself at Lyons in the month of August. Hence it is clear that Saint Julius sat only for three months and sixteen days while Constantine the Great was still living; He sat under Constantine the Great, Constans, and Magnentius; and then for several months beyond twelve years, under the Emperor Constans; and at last for about two years, under the tyrant Magnentius, dying some months before Constantius gained possession of Italy, with Constantius Augustus for the fifth time and Constantius Gallus Caesar as Consuls, in the year 352, on April 12. He sat therefore 15 years, 2 months, 6 days. The same years, months, and days are in the Catalogue of the Pontiffs from a very old codex of the Palatine library, 15 years, 2 months, 6 days likewise in the parchments of the Most Christian King and of Mazarin, in which are contained the Lives of the Pontiffs published by Anastasius, and which in manuscripts are brought down to Martin V, likewise in Luitprand, Platina, and others; so that it seems that only by an error of the copyists in some copies is read "15 years, 1 month, 11 days." Moreover, he was chiefly in the times of Constans, son of Constantine the Great, reigning in Italy; but not in the times of Constantius the heretic, by whom he is said to have been driven into exile for ten months, and after the death of this Constantius to have returned in glory to the See, such as is ineptly read in the Liber Pontificalis and in Anastasius, he was not driven into exile by Constantius: perhaps wrongly transcribed from the Acts of his successor Liberius. But neither can the name of Constans the Emperor be substituted for the name of Constantius, in whatever way, to save those things: for the Catholic faith of this man remained always most praised, and in the last year of this man, Saint Athanasius was at Rome with Saint Julius, who wrote for him to the Alexandrians the letter to be produced below by us. Nothing is read of his exile either in the manuscript Catalogues of the Pontiffs composed in the sixth or eighth century, or in the manuscript Gesta Pontificum brought down to Martin V. Moreover in all of these Julius is said to have been "by nation a Roman, from his father Rusticus or Rusticius"; and the same is confirmed in the Liber Pontificalis, and in Anastasius, Luitprand, and others.

[2] The second thing, which in the older catalogue is written by an eyewitness concerning the buildings, is of this sort: "He made many buildings: a basilica on the Via Portuensis, at the 3rd milestone; a basilica on the Via Flaminia, he made many buildings: at the 2nd milestone, which is called Valentinus'; the Julian basilica, which is in the 7th region near the forum of the Divine Trajan; a basilica across the Tiber, in the 14th region near Callistus; a basilica on the Via Aurelia, at the 3rd milestone, at Callistus'." So there; but what are read in an entirely different manner in the Liber Pontificalis and in Anastasius with these words: "He made two basilicas, one near the forum, and the other on the Via Flaminia: and three cemeteries, one on the Via Flaminia, another on the Via Aurelia, and another on the Via Portuensis." Platina places the first Basilica near the Roman forum, between the Palatine mountain and the Capitol, where the Julian basilica, built long before by Augustus under the name of Julius Caesar, and mentioned by Pliny in Book 5 of his Letters, the last letter, and by Quintilian in Book 12, chapter 15; this one, however, stood by its side, in which afterwards was erected the equestrian statue of Domitian. Consult Alexander Donatus, Book 2 On the City of Rome, chapter 17. Better, in our judgment, by the contemporary author of the Catalogue of Pontiffs is the Julian basilica placed the Julian basilica, in the 7th region near the forum of Trajan, which Donatus describes at length in chapter 24. In this Julian basilica Boniface I was ordained, and Saint Celestine his successor (whose Life we gave on April 6) dedicated it, and enriched it with silver gifts: unless these seem to be referred to the ancient Julian basilica built by Augustus. The other basilica is rightly set on the Via Flaminia, the basilica of Saint Valentine, at the second milestone, which is called Saint Valentine's, in whose Life published by us on February 14 it is said: "Saint Valentine was beheaded on the Via Flaminia, and buried in the same place: where afterwards a church was built by Pope Julius in honor of Saint Valentine, Presbyter and Martyr, and wonderfully adorned: in which the benefits of the Lord are granted to those who devoutly pray." Anastasius in their Lives testifies that it was afterwards restored and embellished by the Supreme Pontiffs Theodore, Benedict II, Hadrian I, Leo III, and Gregory IV; who above adds three cemeteries established by Saint Julius, and first on the Via Flaminia, which Paul Aringhi in Book 4 of Roma subterranea chapter 39 calls the cemetery of Saints Valentine the Martyr and Julius the Pope, and in chapter 41 presents the single cubicle of the said cemetery, and two illustrious tablets found in it, in which the images of Christ, of the Virgin Mother of God, and of other Saints are seen. But what is recounted in the first place in the ancient Catalogue, the basilica on the Via Portuensis at the 3rd milestone; the basilica on the Via Portuensis. in Anastasius it is called a cemetery: of which Aringhi treats in Book 2, chapter 21, adding that no trace of it remains: which seems to be said also of the basilica, which could have been built in the same place in honor of some Martyr. The fourth basilica is on the Via Aurelia, at the 3rd milestone, at Callistus', where again Anastasius places a cemetery: another on the Via Aurelia, who hands down that Saint Callistus the Pontiff was buried in the cemetery of Calepodius, on the Via Aurelia at the third milestone. These things are also related in the Life of Saint Callistus, to be given on October 14, in which it is said that the body of Saint Calepodius, Presbyter and Martyr, was buried by Saint Callistus: and in that cemetery Saint Julius the Pope also was buried, who therefore seems to have built a basilica there or renewed one, and adorned the place of his own burial.

[3] Finally the fifth basilica is erected across the Tiber, in the 14th region near Callistus, and the basilica across the Tiber, of which no mention is made in Anastasius and in the Liber Pontificalis, but this location is brightly confirmed by Onuphrius Panvinius, On the Seven Churches of the City and the Chief Basilicas, among which from page 63 he places the Church of Saint Mary across the Tiber, built where a fountain of oil had overflowed in the time of Augustus Caesar: "In which place," he says, "Callistus, dedicated to Saint Mary, the 17th Pontiff of Rome after the Apostle Peter, around the year of Christ 220, founded an oratory, and dedicating it in honor of the Blessed Virgin Mary, established it as a Roman title, that is, a parish: which for a long time was called by him 'the title of Callistus.' When peace had been granted by the Emperor Constantine to the Christians, with persecutions taken away, Saint Julius the Pope around the year of Christ 341 rebuilt it from the foundations, and amplified it with the many columns, nobly, to the size which we see. Hence the title of Saints Callistus and Julius, sometimes called only of Saint Julius." Thus there Onuphrius, with brilliant confirmation of the five basilicas built by Saint Julius, of which there is also a notable mention in the letter of Pope Hadrian I to Charlemagne, King of the Franks. For in it objections are refuted against the Seventh Ecumenical Synod, and in the Response to the fifth Action these things are held: "For indeed it has often been shown that Saint Silvester the Pope and Constantine the Most Christian Emperor venerated sacred images; and in the name of Christianity, openly, before all, they faithfully and wonderfully displayed them: and he adorned them with sacred images: and from that time up to the present the holy churches of the holy Pontiffs, namely of Silvester, Marcus, and Julius, among us are of wondrous magnitude, painted as well in mosaic as in the other histories adorned with sacred images."

[4] In the Catalogue of the Supreme Pontiffs, made in the 8th century of Christ, and transcribed from the very ancient parchments of the Palatine library, these things concerning Saint Julius are held: "Julius, by nation a Roman, from his father Rusticus, sat 15 years, 2 months, 6 days. This one decreed that no Cleric should plead his cause in public, except in the Church." To these last words these following are also added in the Liber Pontificalis and in Anastasius the Librarian: "And that the notice he enacted certain decrees. which is for all the ecclesiastical faith, should be gathered through Notaries, and that the composition of all monuments in the Church should be celebrated by the Primicerius of the Notaries; either that bonds or instruments, or donations, or exchanges, or traditions, or testaments, or allegations or manumissions of Clerics, should be celebrated in the Church through the Scriniarius of the Holy See: or, as another reading has, they should be celebrated through the holy scrinium or scrutinium." These and the other decrees of Saint Julius have been transferred into Canon Law, from which Galesinius in his Notations on this day recounts more than twenty places: which are repeated in the volumes of the Councils among his letters, or are substituted for them. That the letter to Dionysius, Bishop of Corinth, on the Incarnation of the Lord is falsely attributed to him, has already often been demonstrated by various writers; indeed, it has been shown that it was the offspring of the Arians or of the heretic Apollinaris. Some writings of Saint Julius are praised by Saint Athanasius in his oration against the Arians, but he does not indicate which these were.

* otherwise: "makes faith."

CHAPTER II.

The orthodox faith defended against the Arians. The innocence of Saint Athanasius defended.

[5] Very many were the labors of Saint Julius for the Catholic faith against the Arians. Arius, a Presbyter of Alexandria, was living under Saint Alexander, Bishop there, Arius gave the plague as we set forth at length in the Life of the latter on February 26, held by him in honor: but when Alexander understood that by him Virgins, Presbyters, and Bishops had been enticed into the heresy, and that by his leniency he could not be brought back to the way of truth; obstinate in his stubbornness, he cast him out of the Church with his followers. In a Council held in the year 317, Eusebius, Bishop of Nicomedia, received the fugitive Arius—an ardent defender of the Arian heresy, even after it had been condemned in the Ecumenical Council of Nicaea in the year 325. Then when Saint Alexander had died, and Saint Athanasius had been constituted Bishop of Alexandria in his place, a most ardent defender of the Catholic faith; in order to cast him down from his See, Eusebius with his followers made every effort, who by him

are called Eusebians; and with such great effect did they prosecute their false accusations before Constantine the Great, The Eusebians act against Saint Athanasius, that by his command Saint Athanasius was relegated to Gaul in the year 336, and stayed at Trier for two whole years and four months. Meanwhile Constantine the younger, by the will and letters of Constantine the Great his parent, obtained with Constantius his brother that Athanasius should be restored to his bishopric; and he, with letters of Constantine written at Trier on the 15th day before the Kalends of July in the year 338, returned to his Church of Alexandria, his adversaries the Eusebians fuming and bearing it ill, because they judged that the Catholic cause in the East consisted chiefly in his authority and teaching. The Eusebians therefore (as Athanasius himself writes in his Letter to Those Leading a Solitary Life), "seeing their heresy fail, both to Rome and to the Emperors at Constantinople wrote against Athanasius… But because the legates sent by Athanasius refuted their lies, and the orthodox for him with Saint Julius: they were dismissed with shame by the Emperors." These legates were sent from the Alexandrine Synod, with a letter of the Bishops reported by Saint Athanasius in his Apology 2, at the end of which it is said that "The Egyptians wrote these things to all and to the Bishop of Rome," and in the letter itself they mentioned the calumnies written by the Eusebians to Pope Julius. All these things appear to have been done in the year 339.

[6] "The Eusebians therefore sent letters to Julius, and ordered a Synod to be convoked, and themselves, if he should wish, referred the judgment of the cause to Julius. But Julius, Bishop of Rome, ordered the Synod to be held wherever the parties should wish; he offers a place for the Synod to be chosen. so that both might safely present the accusations, and in turn refute what was objected against them." So Athanasius. Already then at Rome had come Marcellus, Bishop of Ancyra, and many others, injured by the same Eusebians, and had presented to Pope Julius the books of accusations against them: moved by which, Julius sent his Presbyters Elpidius and Philoxenus with letters to the Eusebians, defining a certain day, on which either they should present themselves or know that they were held in every way suspect: adding, he writes to the Eusebians from the Roman Synod that although he wrote alone, yet he was not writing his own opinion alone, but that of all the Italian Bishops and of all the Bishops in those regions. It seems that a Roman Synod of one hundred and sixteen orthodox Bishops was then gathered, which is extant with this opening: "In the name of the Lord God and our Savior Jesus Christ, also in the fourth year of the reign of Constantius and Constans, on the 19th day before the Kalends of October." The name of the elder Emperor Constantine is omitted, held in the year 340, because he was killed in the third year of his reign, in the month of April, when Acyndinus and Proculus were consuls, in the year of Christ 340. But Constantius and Constans began to reckon the fourth year of their Empire under these same consuls, either from the death of Constantine the Great on May 22, or from September 9, on which they had been proclaimed Augusti. Notwithstanding these things, the said Roman Council is everywhere referred to the year 337, not the year 337 which is the first of both Saint Julius the Pope and of the three Imperial brothers, because at the end of the Synodal letter these words are read: "Given on the Kalends of November, in the consulship of Felicianus and Maximian": as if these had been in the said year 337, when in at least one of the Consuls there was an error; that they were Felicianus and Titianus, the most ancient Consular Fasti, transcribed in the year 354, hold, namely those which designate the Prefects of the city as well as others which begin from the year 312, and from our copy are published by Bucherius with Victorius' Paschal Canon from page 247. The same Consulship of Felicianus and Titianus is confirmed and made certain by the Consular Fasti of Idatius and Cassiodorus, when together with Felicianus Titianus was Consul, likewise by the laws passed under these consuls, and indicated in the Chronology of the Theodosian Code by Jacobus Gothofredus: to which add finally the Catalogue of Pontiffs indicated above by us, and composed under the successor Liberius around the year 354, which Onuphrius Panvinius in Book 2 of his Fasti alleges under the name of Damasus. Indeed, neither he, nor Cuspinian, nor any other who has examined the Consular Fasti more accurately, has found Maximian as colleague of Felicianus: although he has been inserted in the later Catalogue of the Pontiffs, in the Liber Pontificalis, and in the manuscript Gesta Pontificum brought down to Martin V; likewise in the Lives of the Pontiffs in Anastasius; not Maximian: but generally it is named Maximinus or Maximus, from one of which, thus corrupted, these erroneous Consuls can seem to have been later transcribed at the end of the said Synod, because perhaps the true Consuls had fallen out. But since it is clear from Athanasius' Apology 2 that Saint Julius wrote the opinion of all the Italian Bishops and of all the Bishops in those regions, we think that the same Saint Julius then wished the Nicene Synod to be confirmed by his own vote and that of others, and that the condemned heresy should again be struck by excommunication.

[7] He holds the expelled Saint Athanasius as the true Bishop: Saint Athanasius had already come to Rome before, and there for more than a year and three months had vainly awaited the arrival of the Eusebians: wherefore, having been absolved from their calumnious accusations, and received into the communion of the Church, he was dismissed with letters of communion to his own people to return, as Saint Julius in the letter which he wrote after the Alexandrian disaster to the Eusebians, testifies with these words: "When therefore such things were being alleged, and so many witnesses were standing for Athanasius, and he himself was adducing so just things in his defense, what, I ask, ought we to have done? Was it not what is the ecclesiastical canon's? Namely, that we should not condemn the man, but rather receive him, and hold him as Bishop, as he is?" having returned, Saint Athanasius therefore returned to Alexandria in the year 341: but by a conventicle held at Antioch in the same year, he was ejected, with Gregory the Cappadocian substituted: who was brought into the church by the Prefect Philagrius with enormous carnage, and crowned many with martyrdom, whose commemoration is inscribed in the Roman Martyrology on March 21, and then having escaped from the hostile slaughter, where we also have illustrated that slaughter described by Saint Athanasius. Saint Julius in the letter to the Eusebians thus describes the things done at the entrance of Gregory: "The Church itself suffered burning, Virgins were stripped, monks trampled, Presbyters and many of the people unworthily treated and violated, Bishops thrust into prison, many likewise despoiled: the sacred mysteries were torn away by the pagans and thrown to the ground," etc. Amid these things, Saint Athanasius, secretly slipping away, came to Rome: he cherishes him with other exiles: whom Saint Julius summoned to himself from the place in which he had heard he was in hiding. Paul of Constantinople also, and other Catholic Bishops, expelled by the Eusebians, betook themselves there as to a sanctuary, and made Saint Julius more certain about their own state: and he, with letters more freely written by him to the Eastern Bishops, studied to defend their cause, and labored that to each his own place should be restored. These things can be read at greater length in Socrates.

[8] Moreover, when Pope Julius availed nothing by letters sent to the Bishops of the East, he pleads the case of the exiles before Constans the Emperor. he referred the cause of Athanasius and of the others to the Emperor Constans. And when Constans demanded from his brother Constantius, by way of favor, that Athanasius and the rest should be permitted to return to their proper Sees; and because of the Eusebians, who strove against this, nothing was accomplished; it was at last decided that an Ecumenical Council should be gathered, and the city of Sardica, on the confines of Illyricum, Thrace, and Mysia, was chosen: where it was held, with Eusebius and Rufinus as consuls, in the year 347. Various Bishops were absent, "some," testifies Socrates in Book 2, chapter 16, "pleading bodily infirmity, others complaining of the shortness of the appointed time, and blaming Julius, Bishop of Rome, for it; although from the time when the Council was announced, and Athanasius had been at Rome awaiting the Council, a year and six months had now passed." Thus there. Athanasius in his Apology 2 accurately describes what was done and decreed in the Council, he prescribes the time of the Council of Sardica, and recounts the names of all who subscribed, with this beginning: "Osius from Spain, Julius from Rome through Archidamus and Philoxenus his Presbyters, Protogenes from Sardica, and he subscribes to it through his Legates. and the other 281 Bishops expressed by their bare names"; and then is added: "Those therefore who subscribed to the decrees of the Synod are these; and there are also very many others who wrote for us before this Synod, from Asia, from Phrygia, from Isauria, whose names are circulated as about sixty: in all however three hundred and forty-four. When the most religious Emperor Constantius had received these things, he ordered us to be summoned to him, and wrote separately to his brother the blessed Constans: he also sent letters to us once, twice, and a third time… With which received, I went up to Rome, to approach the Church and the Bishop. For I was at Aquileia at that time when I received these letters. Therefore there was a great rejoicing in the Church, he receives Saint Athanasius and sends him back with his letter and Pontiff Julius, to congratulate our restoration, sent letters to the Church: but we, wherever we passed, were escorted in peace by all the Bishops. The letters were of this sort."

[9] "Julius to the Presbyters, Deacons, and people in the parish of Alexandria. I rejoice with you, most beloved brothers, [he praises the faith of the Alexandrians and their affection toward Saint Athanasius:] that you see the fruit of your faith before your eyes: for it appears most plainly to be so in our brother and Fellow-Bishop Athanasius, whom God has restored to you both on account of the sanctity of his life and your prayers. From which it is possible to see how pure and full of charity were the prayers you have always offered to God. For mindful of the heavenly promises and of the heavenly conversation, which from the teaching of our aforesaid brother you have learned, you held certain and truly knowing, and by your right faith laid hold, that he would never be perpetually separated from you, whom in your pious breasts you kept as though present. There is no need therefore for me to write many things to you. For whatever could be said by me, your faith has already anticipated; and has filled up, according to God's grace, whatever could be wished by us. I rejoice therefore with you: again I say, I rejoice with you, that you have preserved your souls unconquerable in the defense of the faith. But meanwhile I congratulate my brother Athanasius no less, because, although he suffered many harsh things, yet at no hour did he forget your charity and your longing. For although in body he seemed to be separated from you for a time, yet in spirit he was perpetually with you. he extols his praises: He returns therefore now more splendid than when he departed from you. That if the fire tests precious things, gold and silver, for their purity; what, I ask, can you say worthy of so great a man, who, pure and innocent, from so many dangers of evils is restored to you? Such as he is, not only to us

judgment, but by the universal Synod he has been judged? Receive therefore, beloved brothers, with all glory according to God and joy, your Bishop Athanasius, and with him as many as were companions of so great afflictions: and rejoice over the fruit of your prayers, who with salutary writings nourished your Pastor, so to speak, desiring and thirsting for your piety, and gave him drink: for to him staying abroad, you were a consolation, and while he bore persecutions you refreshed him with your most faithful minds and hearts. To me certainly it is a pleasure, imagining and already foreseeing in mind each one's joy in his return, and the meeting of the most religious multitude, and the crowded festivity of those gathering. What, do you think, or of what sort will that day be for you, when our brother will return, and the former evils will receive their end, and when the precious and desired return of him will gather all into one with the alacrity of the fullest joy? Such joy for the greatest part reaches even to us, to whom divinely has been granted the knowledge of so great a man. It is fitting therefore to end the letter with prayers. May Almighty God and his Son our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ grant you perpetual grace, he pleads with God in prayers. giving rewards for your admirable faith, which with bright martyrdom you have exhibited for your Bishop; that to you and your descendants both here and in the future he may impart the best things, which neither eye has seen, nor ear has heard, nor have entered into the heart of man, which God has prepared for those who love him, through our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom to Almighty God be glory for ever and ever. Amen. I desire that you all fare well in the Lord, beloved brothers." Thus Saint Julius in his letter to the Alexandrians, related by Saint Athanasius, whose remaining Acts are to be illustrated on May 2, as those of Saint Paul, Bishop of Constantinople, on June 7.

CHAPTER III.

Ordinations made by Saint Julius; his burial, translation, veneration.

[10] In another manuscript Catalogue of the Supreme Pontiffs, composed in the 6th century of Christ, he ordains Bishops with other ministers, these things are handed down concerning the ordinations of Saint Julius: "This one made three ordinations in the month of December: eighteen Presbyters, eight Deacons, eight Bishops for various places." Anastasius has: "four Deacons, nine Bishops." In another manuscript Catalogue twenty-seven Presbyters are numbered. Among the Bishops ordained by him is Saint Amasius of Teano: Saint Amasius of Teano in whose Life published on January 28 these things are read: "When very many, for the sake of avoiding the persecution, were fleeing into Italy from the East, it happened that Amasius, priest of God, came to Julius, Prelate of the Roman See and Father of the universal Church. Seeing therefore the man, distinguished by the glory of approved testimony and of elegant speech, the Supreme Pontiff praised in him the faith and constancy of mind, and gave him in charge that in the illustrious Churches round about he should most earnestly preach the word of God, strengthening those firm in the faith by word and example: but whomsoever he saw wavering in the truth of the faith, he should call back to the path of uprightness by holy exhortations. Without delay: licensed by him and receiving the grace of the blessing, he set out on his way... and came to the city which is called Teano, with the gift of the Spirit going before... But when the glorious Paris, first Bishop of Teano, had been translated to the starry kingdoms, at the Lord's call... the citizens set the holy Priest over themselves as Pastor and Ruler of souls, and offered him to be consecrated to Julius, Bishop of the first See. So the Supreme Pontiff, rejoicing over his promotion, gave thanks to the Lord, who had raised a man of known confession and of praiseworthy life to the government of souls and to the summit of supernal dignity. Pouring therefore the horn of salutary grace upon his head, he anointed him with sacramental unction, and adorned him with the fillet of the Pontifical office." Thus there. In the same way at Ravenna Saint Severus, when with a dove resting on his head he had been elected Bishop by the unanimous will of all, Saint Severus of Ravenna. was sent to Rome to Julius, Bishop of the same city, who was the third from Blessed Silvester the Supreme Pontiff, and was ordained Prelate of the people of Ravenna; as is read in his Life, published by us from ancient parchments on the Kalends of February. Many similar things will be supplied to us in the course of the work by the Acts of the Saints ordained by Saint Julius.

[11] Moreover, as the proper readings which used to be recited in the Roman Church of Saint Mary across the Tiber concerning Saint Julius hold: "He was a man endowed with such sanctity of life and zeal for propagating the Christian faith, that he omitted nothing of those things which pertained to the office of a most vigilant Pastor and one most zealous for preserving Catholic unity... This one, after he had holily administered the Church for fifteen years, two months, and six days, in the year of the Lord 352, he died in the year 352. on the day before the Ides of April, happily migrated to the Lord: and when he had been buried in the cemetery on the Via Aurelia at the third milestone from the City, he is buried on the Via Aurelia afterwards his venerable relics were translated to the Church of Saint Mary across the Tiber, and honorably placed under the main altar." Thus there. Concerning the basilicas erected by Saint Julius on the Via Aurelia and across the Tiber we have treated above. The ancient Catalogues of the Pontiffs, with Anastasius and the Liber Pontificalis, hand down that he was buried on the Via Aurelia in the cemetery of Saint Calepodius, in the cemetery of Saint Calepodius, of which Aringhi treats at length in Book 2 of Roma subterranea, chapter 12, and in no. 8 adds these things: "Moreover the bodies of the most blessed Martyrs Callistus and Julius the Pontiffs, and also of Calepodius the Presbyter, which were formerly placed here in the cemetery of Calepodius, were afterwards honorably translated into the title of the same Callistus, that is, into the church of Saint Mary across the Tiber, as up to this day the images of them expressed in mosaic work are found in the main apse of the church. This Innocent II did, a Roman" (these are the words of Onuphrius On the Seven Churches of the City) "born of a noble family of the region across the Tiber, by Innocent II translated into the church of Saint Mary across the Tiber: who restored that church almost from the foundations, laid the pavement with mosaic work, rebuilt the roof, added several columns toward the apse: he adorned the apse itself with mosaic signs of Christ, the Blessed Virgin, the holy Pontiffs Peter the Apostle, Callistus, Cornelius, Julius, Calepodius the Presbyter, Laurence the Archdeacon, and himself: who also under the main altar placed the bodies of the holy Pontiffs Callistus and Cornelius the Martyrs, and of Julius the Confessor, and of Calepodius the Presbyter, and of Quirinus the Bishop, Martyrs, adorned with a marble covering; and consecrated with solemn rite the main altar raised near the oil fountain."

[12] Among the Cardinals of the title of Callistus of Saint Mary across the Tiber was Marco Vigerio, created by Julius II in the year 1505, who taught the said Pontiff that in the said Church rests the body of Saint Julius: as is clear from the Bull of the said Pope Julius II given in the year 1505 on the 16th day before the Kalends of May, which begins "Among all the glorious Confessors of Christian wisdom," and then holds thus: "Now therefore, especially because the same Cardinal Marco brought to light, from ancient and certain history, that the body of the most holy Confessor Julius, Roman Pontiff first of that name, our predecessor, rests in the altar of the church of his said title, and proposed before us, with the greater part of our Venerable Brothers, Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, attending, devoutly and accurately, from an ancient Missal and from a Breviary said to be decaying with antiquity, prayers to God among the solemnities of Masses and among the Canonical Hours; through which it is manifestly clear and cannot be doubted that the holy Catholic and Apostolic Church, by the merits and intercession of Saint Julius, was accustomed solemnly each year by ancient custom on the 12th day of the month of April to implore grace here and glory in the future age from God, devoutly celebrating the solemn feasts of Saint Julius on that very day; so that this very study of piety may revive, and the faithful of Christ may be more devoutly and promptly enkindled to venerate the bones of the aforesaid Saint, and with the action of grace in the praises of God proceeding from virtue to virtue, may grow more copiously in merits; immediately, after the report had been made by the same Cardinal Marco concerning the invention of Saint Julius the predecessor, renewed by Pope Julius II, we personally betook ourselves devoutly in procession to the church itself of Saint Mary and to the bones of the same Saint for visiting, together with our Venerable Brothers, Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, and caused solemn Mass to be celebrated upon the main altar of the Church itself, with joy and devotion and great concourse of people; and we bestowed a plenary indulgence upon all visiting that church on that day." Thus far the Bull.

[13] The sacred memory of Saint Julius is found in all the sacred Fasti on this April 12. And first, that small old Martyrology which Bucherius published from our copies at the Paschal Canon of Victorius, page 267, and inscribed in the sacred fasti April 12 with the title set above "Deposition of the Roman Bishops," has in the last place these things: "On the day before the Ides of April, of Julius, on the Via Aurelia at the third milestone at Callistus," where we have said above that Saint Julius built a basilica at Callistus. In the Martyrology of Saint Jerome it is thus read: "At Rome in the cemetery of Calepodius, at the third milestone, the deposition of Bishop Julius." Very many manuscript Martyrologies have similar things: in some it is added that he was driven into exile under Constantius, which we also read in Bede, Rabanus, and others, and have rejected above with Baronius, who celebrates him with this encomium in today's Martyrology: "At Rome, on the Via Aurelia, birthday of Saint Julius the Pope, who labored very much for the Catholic faith against the Arians, and with many splendid deeds, celebrated for sanctity, rested in peace." and February 8. The memory of the same Saint Julius the Pope is also recalled on February 8, in Rabanus, Notker, Greven, and others, with no elogium added.

[14] Some relics at Rome, Ottavio Panciroli, in the Hidden Treasure of the City of Rome, asserts that some relics of Saint Julius the Pope are preserved in the churches of Saint Praxedis in the mountains, Saint Paul at the Fount, or Saint Mary of Victory, and Saint Anne de Funariis. Onuphrius Panvinius, On the Seven Churches of the City, treats also at the end of the Church of Saint Praxedis, and among the venerable bodies of Saints which Pope Paschal in the year 817, Indiction 10, on July 20 translated into that church, especially in Saint Praxedis, recounts the body of Saint Julius, Roman Pontiff. If these things were to be understood of the whole body, it must necessarily be said that the same body was thence, by Innocent II, who sat from the year 1130 to the year 1143, translated to the church of Saint Mary across the Tiber, with some relics left there.