ON BB. BERTHOLD AND MENRIC CANONS, FORMERLY OF THE ORDER OF PREMONTRE, NOW IN THIS SECULAR ONE FOUNDERS OF THE PARTHENON OF VRUNDEBERG
OF THE CISTERCIAN ORDER IN WESTPHALIA.
CENT. XIII
PRELIMINARY COMMENTARY.
Berthold, Canon, Founder of Vrundeberg in Westphalia (B.)
Menric, Canon, Founder of Vrundeberg in Westphalia (B.)
D. P.
This twin light of the Canonical name in a double state, from under the bushel of oblivion dug out and handed to our John Bolland, perhaps sixty years ago Gaspar Jongelin; Acts supplied by Jongelin who published a Notice of Cistercian Abbeys, known not only to his Order, but to the world, did not however use a notice of the Vrundeberg Parthenon there; perhaps because he was meditating another work on Abbeys of Consecrated women: for only the male ones the aforepraised Notice contains. From the very ancient writings of the place I believe was dug out, the history which we here shall give: to which since Jongelin added a marginal synopsis, the monastery of Scheid, whence B. Berthold came forth was of the Premonstratensians, he taught us, these now there through heresy so extinguished, that of them there nothing further survives, nor even notice with the writers of the Order. There still is however the Vrundeberg Parthenon, about one league nearer moved to the river Ruhr, which intersects the March, present state of the monastery but tripartite among Catholic, Calvinist and Lutheran Damsels in possession so that they have their own Pastors. This indeed was the fruit of religious profession long abjected; for they are said even before the heresies arose to have lived excluded from the bonds of vows, however common and coenobitic life, in the manner of a College or Canonical Congregation.
[2] The place today is called Fronnenberg: which whoever studiously surveyed our Fr. John Pinnink, effigies of the founders behind the altar. from the College of Münster a Missionary through those parts, reports, behind the high altar is seen on the wall the statue of the Blessed Virgin, at whose sides are seen painted, as the subscribed letters indicate, Menric and Berthold, Canons, Founders of this place; from the mouth of each fly forth here and there words inscribed on schedule. O Mary in the dread hour of judgment may I be commended entirely to you: and O Mary succor the wretched constituted in this place. profession of each How for the veneration of that statue the monastery there was founded with the church luminously explain, the Acts which I subjoin. But Berthold had died, buried at Scheid among his Premonstratensians, before B. Menric transferred himself thither to pursue what his brother had begun. It can however be that he too had himself painted there alive thus with his dead brother. When however he also dead shone with many miracles, a diadem of notable sanctity to the head of each (as is now seen) the posterity painted. Now Menric was a Canon of Lübeck; who although there he instituted and ruled Cistercian Consecrated women, by no Religious Order's vows is read to have been bound: each however while he lived there can be called a Hermit: just as Rhay our calls Menric making memory on this day in the work which he inscribed The Illustrious Souls of Julia-Cleves and the annexed provinces.
[3] Of unusual magnitude a stone is before the altar, which deeply excavated and open behind is thought to have provided to the Founders a common sepulcher with namely Berthold's body brought after Menric's death or while he was still living and caring for it, and Relics, from Scheid. Now all things are empty: but from the left side of the altar many bones are seen placed, and some of them enclosed in reliquaries, which are presumed to be of the Founders. About those that lie naked I would easily believe that, namely they were by the prevailing heretics, beyond any new cultus cast from the altar: and noble lineage. those however that are enclosed in reliquaries to be of older Saints, there once more religiously honored and accustomed to be exposed over the altar, and hitherto kept as they were found. That the Founders themselves were Counts of the March is the opinion, in the German manner deriving paternal titles to all born after. The title of Count however the Acts abstain from, when they praise the father of Berthold and Menric in num. 2. More easily I would believe were Counts of the March or of Arensberg, Notable tomb of Counts there. that pair of spouses, whose sepulcher elevated three feet from the ground, with bodies effigied above, is seen there, but without any inscription of names or year, in a peculiar chapel at the end of the temple.
[4] So far I could know from the news transmitted to me in 1691 by the then Rector of our Münster College Fr. Hunold Plettenberg. It remained that an image of the Mother of God with the Blessed genuflecting be delineated for me; and the sculpture of the aforepraised tomb, whence the engraver might give an ectype to be inserted in this place. But a suitable delineator was wanting who could
lend his service to the Saints, at so great a distance of the city of Münster from the place itself of more than 10 hours.
ACTS
From an old manuscript of the place dug out by Gaspar Jongelin.
Berthold, Canon, Founder of Vrundeberg in Westphalia (B.)
Menric, Canon, Founder of Vrundeberg in Westphalia (B.)
BHL Number: 1285
FROM A MS.
CHAPTER I.
Berthold's lineage, and the begun edicule of the B. Virgin, his death.
[1] In the year after the Incarnation of the Lord one thousand two hundred fourteen, with the glorious Prince Frederick, a a strenuous and devout man, subordinating Imperial majesty, there was in the borders of Westphalia toward the Southern region not much distant from the Scheid b monastery a certain mount surnamed Hasley, Near Scheid in Westphalia, in whose height of mount had stood a linden of immense breadth, which to those gazing offered no small delight to corporeal eyes; and it had been seen many times in nocturnal times, how lights had descended to the same place, seen from heaven lights descending to the linden candles there appeared lit, and innumerable marvels were done there. And it had been also a custom that by day all surrounding nobles of both sexes, who gaped after the luxury of flesh and other dissolutions of the world, made a gathering of evildoers there leading many kinds of dances, and exercising other games of vanities, celebrated for the luxury of the nobles; and through this not multiplying divine praise: also the Lords of lands and nobles there gathered, holding their pleas on account of the pleasantness of the same place, and the shade of the linden there set.
[2] At the same time it happened that a certain Conversus, by name Berthold, whom B. Berthold detesting, a cenobite of the aforesaid cloister, namely of Scheid, born from places of the same land: for he had a father, a man approved, illustrious in fame and opinion, very devout, who for the cause of devotion had been accustomed to visit holy places, and especially the Holy Land and the sepulcher of the Lord. He had also a brother from the same father, who had been a Canon of Lübeck c of the greater Church by name Menric. He had also a sister, a person very devout, enclosed in an enclosure, named by the name Aslen d. This Berthold, intoxicated with the wine of compunction, goes to his sister the Recluse; prevented by God with graces and gifts, began to detest the disgrace of that place. He began to think within himself how those entrenched corruptions of customs, to the praise and glory of the Creator of all, and of his Mother the Virgin Mary, he might hastily change: and although with difficulty obtained the license of his Prelate, with the Spirit driving him, he progressed; making the journey to the aforesaid enclosure of his sister, named Aslen, which the servant of God inhabited, of the same Conversus (as is said) by flesh a sister.
[3] Which Conversus examined his sister's habitation, life, conversation, religion, and all the utensils of her house; and from her obtains an image of the Mother of God, that he too might procure, or at least order for himself similar things. Then among other conversations urgently Brother Berthold asked to be given to him an image of the B. Virgin, which the father of both of them had brought from maritime parts: which image (as is believed) had been made from a beam of the wood of the Cross: for that night Berthold remained with his sister. The same night the Blessed Virgin appeared to that devout Inclusa, asking from her, that she hand over the same image to her brother, she herself ordering it to be given, explaining to her the good intention of her brother, and promising how the aforesaid image ought to be held in future times in the greatest reverence, in that place pre-conceived by her brother; and the Lord through the same image, by the merit of her whose form it bore, was about to do miracles and marvels; and because of that image or whose likeness it bears, the Blessed Virgin herself in the same was about to reconcile many sinners to her beloved son, and tutress and singular refuge and solace of all the surrounding land. and promising many miracles to do through it. By the admonitions therefore of the Blessed Virgin, and by the manifold instances of her brother's prayers, that the aforesaid image be given to him, she obtained, and received it most eagerly, and with it through diverse spaces of lands somewhat of grain e he gathered, that he might more expeditiously perfect what he had arranged.
[4] It happened on a certain occasion, in the brumal time, It fallen into the river against him ascends: he wished to cross the channel of the Rura, by a certain pedestrian little bridge, where by the cold the waters were constricted. Then by unexpected accident the aforesaid image fell down, and by the swift rapidity of the waters flowed away far from him. For which the man of God perplexed by too great disturbance, soon gave himself to prayer, and the Virgin Bearer of the Savior with tearful eyes and devout sighs studiously invoked thus; that if anything through her he had arranged for his praise, the aforesaid image to him to reorder he should not disdain. and at Menden exposed, for collecting alms, Immediately as he rose from prayer, he saw it ascend against the waves of the waters, and to him flow back. Who taking it, applauded with embraces, and more began to jubilate in spirit; and after, carrying it with cautious diligence, kept it. And proceeding a little came to the town Menden: f and where the transit of all peoples was there he set up a tent, and placed the image set above: that moved by the sight of so benign an image, to give to alms they might be provoked to give him something.
[5] Seeing this a certain citizen of the same town, procurator of the parochial church, allured by pious cupidity, fearing derogation to be made to the aforesaid parish, rising against that Conversus, with nefarious words reproached him calling him trufator g; and also said he was wont to consume in frequent drinking sessions what he asked. punishes his contemner, At this the man of God Berthold, most patiently asserted this was not so, but he was going to ask for a certain little chapel of her, of whom this image bore the likeness. These things heard the said procurator more indignant, approached for his rashness, and the tent with the image with a kick of foot overturned. and heals the penitent. But immediately his foot was dried up, which to the overturning of the tent and contumely of the Mother of God he had presumed to send. With this revenge perceived devotion moved, he vowed himself to wish to promote this business in all things, and to visit the thresholds of this image every year. With the man of God interpellating for him, pristine health soon he obtained.
[6] His business completed he departed thence: and from then a little edicule at the foot of the aforesaid Mount Hasley to invoke in it the help of the glorious Virgin and Mother, Berthold builds a chapel to her, he restored rather than erected, often surrounded, and ornamented with tapestries h according to ability. This however as the Conventuals of Scheid perceived, his fellow-cenobites; estimated his devotion to be folly and ridicule: which they also proved by deed: because their youths passed by, and his structure entirely overturned. Which the man of God laboriously rebuilding, and dies July 5. again and again after the rebuilding they did similar. Finally wearied of the assiduous destruction, they permitted Berthold often spoken of with the tranquility of his spirit there to dwell; until in the same place, not however with what he had arranged perfected, on the third Ides of July he paid the debt of universal flesh: and at Scheid with his own was buried, whose memory may be in blessing Amen.
ANNOTATED D.P.
h Our copy Supetiis.
CHAPTER II.
The brother's beginnings are pursued by Menric with the Cologne Archbishop favoring.
[7] Menric Canon of Lübeck, This Brother Berthold had a brother from both parents, by name Menric: who at the time of his death and before had been a Canon of the major church of Lübeck: whom God wishing to incline to the decoration of his Mother, and to perfect through him, what through the devout man had been most studiously begun; through a dream calling him, deigned to visit in this manner: Menric, hastily go to Westphalia your native land, in which with me promoting, what your brother Berthold arranged, you shall perfect in operation. Who less attending thought it to be an illusion: and God added himself, as another Samuel, to call a second and third time. And the said calling so repeated more certified him of the truth, divinely ordered to perfect his brother's beginnings. than the deceased brother of the place, of the image, of the miracles through the same image in future times to be done; and how those who devoutly the Blessed Virgin in their necessities in the same place should implore, the salutary effect of their petition should obtain so that the B. Virgin had specially chosen that place, in which her grace to all worthily asking she wished largely to impart.
[8] This said Lord Menric, like the said Samuel, no longer resisting the divine command; but immediately, like Peter and Andrew, leaving all things, confirmed by a miraculous address of the image; followed the Lord in his will. Rising however the servant of God Menric, with temporal things left behind him, walking to the parts of Westphalia turned aside; with many labors, with many inquiries, running from place to place, until to the aforenamed Mount Hasley he approached. When however to its foot he had come, a small house there small and vile enough, and the aforetaxed image in it most decently placed he found. When however that vile hut he considered, recalling how much in Lübeck he had left for so despised a place, he began somewhat to grieve. Nevertheless he heard the Blessed image saying to him: Why are you disturbed? I shall be with you, and with all those venerating this place. Afterwards he entered, and the Blessed Virgin most devoutly adored, and the image enough intently gazed at. Which when he had gazed the servant of God, prodigiously so much grace is given to him, that the whole pomp of the world he easily deserted, according to that Evangelical, No one putting his hand to the plow and looking back, is apt for the kingdom of God.
[9] Near this image therefore making for himself a dwelling there, venerably he carried the image of the Virgin with him, to whatever place he turned aside. Thence on a certain occasion to Suzatum
[10] It happened at another time after, that the reverend Pontiff of the Cologne church Henry c de Molenarchen, for the sake of visiting Westphalia, crossed the Rhine, The Cologne Archbishop, asked by those of Scheid to expel him from there, and came up to the named town Menden. Which perceived, the more powerful cenobites of Scheid approaching, with great gifts interpellated him, that he should deign to extirpate the Priest Menric with his structure and place from the mountain. The same night the Blessed Virgin appeared to the Pontiff, and diligently instructed him, how that which Lord Menric was doing, by her ordination and will was being done. The Pontiff however wishing to know the truth of the matter, made Menric hastily summoned, that what was of his intention before all by word he should narrate. Who coming, pears, apples and other d things in a certain disc to the Pontiff, summons him; and captivated by his simplicity, in congratulation of his arrival, simply with the image of the B. Virgin offered. The Pontiff however more noticing his simplicity and intention than the gift and his oblation, gratefully received, according to the poetic saying:
A small gift when a poor friend gives to you Receive blandly &c.
And the gifts of the aforesaid Monks, promoting to impiety as dung he despised and cast away.
[11] Seeing however the Archbishop the dove-like intention of the Priest Menric, fearing, benignly hears him persisting in his proposal therefore that the begun work he might less be able to perfect, that he should desist; with mild and bland words to avert him from the proposal he strove. But on the contrary Menric most constantly resisting, responded; that before he should desist to act the structure, on his own shoulders he wished to carry earth all times of his life. Then the Archbishop seeing his constancy and his inflamed devotion, of founding there a Cistercian parthenon. the final cause of his proposal; namely of what condition and order, and sex of men he wished to place there most intently asked. To this the servant of Mary Menric in vehement spirit responded: It is of my will that the devout feminine sex, and of the Cistercian Order, there by God's nod be made and constituted.
[12] Afterwards he asked from him what amplitude of place such a community would desire: He responded e, and obtained with importunate prayers the said Archbishop to come to the same place. And the place, signed by a heavenly cloud, having granted to him, After however the often said Bishop, with many nobles, namely the count Godfrey of Arnsberg, Otto count of Altona, and the nobles of Ardeii, and many other soldiers and knights came to that place, Lord Menric, friend of the virgin Mary, soon to prayer gave himself; devoutly supplicating and invoking the Blessed Virgin, that she would show the good pleasure of her will about the amplitude of the place. And immediately a bright cloud appeared, although on every side was serenity; in the middle of which cloud a golden sign of the Cross was clearly seen by all present: which cloud showed the amplitude of that place: which place then through the Lord of Cologne and other Lords present, was granted to the devout Menric for the construction and foundation of the said convent, and afterwards through the ordination of the same Lords, through Emperor Frederick of happy f recollection was given liberty.
[13] Sends an Abbess with 12 Sisters When however the often said Lord Archbishop Henry from the man of God Lord Menric departed, with pious consolation he gave him words: and said: Be of strong soul, since to the perfection of your will an Abbess with certain other girls without doubt I shall not delay to send. Who returned to his own, immediately from a certain monastery of Hoven in the County g of Jülich, an Abbess with twice six girls, according to the number of the disciples of Christ, proved in life and religion, he transferred so that they should inhabit Menric's structure, and his devotion and the glory of the V. Mother Mary they should augment with continual praises. These things were done on XII Kal. of November.
[14] who terrified by the poverty of the place, When however they had come thither, they found there a place dedicated to too great poverty, and apt for sorrows. But also when the hour of taking necessary things had come, then neither bread nor food appeared. The Mother however solicitous for her daughters, approached Father Menric, and asked him sweetly for daily food. To whom the pious Father, in the Lord with hope cast, confidently according to that of Ecclesiastes responded to her. Who has hoped in the Lord, and has been abandoned? O Mother and daughters, go in the Lord, and in memory of his passion pour forth the Canonical prayers, and the Lord shall provide plenarily of necessary things, according to that of the Gospel, First seek the kingdom of God and all things shall be added to you. Eccle. 2. 12 by a miracle are confirmed. When however they had paid the praises of God eagerly, by divine provision and interpellation of B. Mary Virgin, soon a wagon coming from Suzatum, bearing victuals to them, and in abundance; over which the convent twice in spirit was strengthened. Matth. 6. 13
[15] In those days Otto Count of Altena, of egregious form and wonderful prudence, Otto Count of Altena indeed of brothers peace and concord, acceptable to God, and lovable to men himself finally Otto Count by piety to that extent illustrious, generous in giving, sparing in sleeping… h had a quite wonderful ingenuity. For after the death of his parents, when before he did not know letters, he learned to such an extent, that he knew fully to read and understand books. There acceded to this also bodily mass, showing all dignity; with white head, sparse hair, eyes flashing, ruddy face and longer beard, and of this kind against ancient custom; lion-like chest sprinkled with certain hairs, accustomed to confess to Menric and beneficent to him, soft belly, convenient gait and somewhat quick. Otto however excelled in gravity of morals, and on this account by the unknown was preached less clement and joyous; very constant in soul, faithful and he himself a friend, so that the discrete man Father Menric with his substance he honored, and elected him as friendly Confessor. He however the aforesaid Otto, was great to that extent in ingenuity, great in knowledge and all virtue and industry. After this however Otto dies, a strong and powerful man, strenuous in generosity, and notable and illustrious in all virtue. His body is translated to Vrundenberg, fourteenth Calends of October, and the aforesaid is buried in the same place Vrundenberg, is buried before the altar which he had founded. in the new basilica on the Aquilonian side toward the East, before the altar of S. Cross which basilica with altar he himself constructed. But that altar which he had made to be made, was already translated to another place, where now his sons and the sons of his sons, namely Everhard, Engelbert, Adolph, and again Engelbert, and still certain sisters of the same rest: but the relics of the father of all of them in the prior place persevere.
ANNOTATED D.P.
CHAPTER III.
The monastery of Vrundenberg being founded, B. Menric dies, and shines with miracles.
[16] After a few times elapsed, a certain man of good nation, dwelling with his family in a neighboring village, compelled by obligatory necessity, The tithe of Vrundenberg bought his own tithe over the same village which is named Vrundenberg, which by hereditary succession he had already long possessed, for the payment of his debts, exhibited to all publicly venal. Which as the man of God Menric perceived, the buying of the same tithe for forty marks for the Convent he procured: and after a modest time, the aforesaid tithe, although no ready denarius he knew, from the purse of the poor he promised would be paid: for whose certainty certain townspeople in Suzato he obtained as guarantors.
[17] With the payment of the tithe coming however, the aforesaid Menric transferred himself to Suzatum: but when in nocturnal time before the city he had come, Menric goes to Suzatum, closed and strongly bolted he found the gate of the city, which to him miraculously was opened. But when to the house of his host the aforesaid Gothmar Master of Citizens he came; he himself terrified, whether still the gate had stood open, diligently asked: to which the man of God responded, that to him by divine nod it had been opened: and immediately when he had been gathered into hospitality, and clarified by miracles, his image with diligent reverence he placed and set: and while the middle silence of night was conducted, the widow daughter of the host, by name Elizabeth, led by zeal of charity, noticing what was happening with the image, was secured, standing and seeing brightness next to it through the whole night prodigiously shine. For she saw two Angels standing with kindled candles, the whole night serving their Lady.
[18] In the morning made rising the Priest Menric diligently preparing himself with his devout and accustomed prayers, is saluted in return by the B. Virgin: to the image of the B. Mary Virgin he approached, and her, by saying Hail, Holy Mother, saluted. Responded the Blessed Virgin through the image; Hail Blessed Menric. Afterwards the image devoutly receiving, and her to the chapel of Stephen Protomartyr reverently carrying, and Mass of the Blessed Virgin there most devoutly he celebrated; asking God and the Virgin Mother with confidence, that he should provide him in the owed money. With the Mass completed, giving thanks to God for the benefits received, according to that of the Gospel, Whatever you ask praying
you shall ask, believe that you shall receive, and it shall be done to you. Rising however from prayer the common still little prayers he performed walking through the high temple or monastery. Mar. 11. 24
[19] Those to whom he was held in debt are present, admonishing him strongly enough; how long he wished to delay them, and through her the owed price ordered more imperiously they objected, Menric responded: Sustain a little, and all things which I owe to you I shall return. Immediately a little after time came a certain woman in feminine habit inside the temple of S. Patroclus a Martyr, and to him approached, asking from him, who he was, and whether he had come from the new work of Vrundenberg. Who responds: From the place of the new work I have come, and since you have named Vrundenberg, Vrundenberg b shall be the name of the structure. Responded the woman, And typically I have asserted this; because to many afterwards visiting that place, to whom God was an enemy, by the intervention of the Virgin he shall be familiar and friend. Who extending her hand, forty marks of Suzato legal, calls the new structure Vrundenberg; in alleviation of her and her own poverty, was largely paid, with this added: When I shall admonish you for these, them to me to return do not disdain: to whose payment Menric binding himself, gave actions of thanks to God with immense joy. Which woman (as is piously believed) was an apparition of B. Mary Virgin.
[20] This deed as the Dean of the aforesaid Church, by name Erpo, perceived, all his Clerics, and is helped by the Dean of Suzatum, both of the city and of the country, he had called to himself, and ordered them to venerate the Priest Menric, and to promote his business in all things, which they fulfill even to today with diligent observation. At the same time died Godfrey Count of Arnsberg, a strong and powerful man by the gift of soldiery, serene in generosity, and notable and illustrious in all virtues. Whose body at the town Meschede c by his workers honorably placed, is transported to Arnsberg and there is buried on the third feria after the feast of Easter: the Count of Arnsberg, a man of all virtue of soul and body, great and famous, with the weeping and lament of many peoples.
[21] After a little time interposed Elizabeth daughter of the often said Proconsul of Suzatum, renouncing the world and its apparatus, took the habit of the daughters of Menric, and in the same Vrundenberg by God's grace finished the course of present life, and the daughter of the Consul made a Nun: up to which by a blessed contest she consummated present life: who then from paternal petition, one hundred marks of Suzati legal denarii, for reverence of God and in commendation of the structure to be begun offered there to the glorious Virgin; which too usefully and not in vain through Father Menric were distributed, whom God not long after translated to the paradise of pleasure; with pious credulity however, since according to that of the Gospel, By its own fruits any tree is known. Likewise, He who sows in blessings, in blessings also shall reap life eternal namely because this man of God sowed in various labors a little garden of violets, of those living in humility, of lilies in chastity, of roses in Christ and mutual charity; which he often surrounded with salutary obedience; therefore he reaped the fruits of merits in eternal blessing.
[22] This pious Father Menric died however XII Kalend. of July. there dies June 20 From whose death not without merit to his new plantings of daughters came no slight grief and lament: since he himself, in the times of his life, just as a column stood immobile, exhibited his shoulders to bear the burden: therefore his memory shall never be deleted, and his name shall be sought through ages. He is buried however in the same place Vrundenberg, next to the little chapel of B. Michael Archangel, entombed with great decor by all, shines with miracles. as is worthy. My tongue does not suffice for the office of borrowed speech to unfold what miracles after his death were done: but the few which I learned from those relating, to be silent at all I shall not dare.
[23] After the anniversary indeed of the said death of his, when Vigils by the Clergy or surrounding Clerics had been performed, Gathered at his anniversary, the Abbess of the same monastery began anxiously about the food of the Clerics to be constrained who to the Vigils of the aforetaxed Menric had flocked. Going out one of the Clerics, by name Hildebrand, Provisor of the same monastery, to the little river, whose name is Rura d Oriental, which flows next to the same monastery, with the Lord assenting gazing; not ignorant of the faith of Father Menric, or perhaps by his merits… trusting, thought that crossing over there e he should find solace of fish. It happened the fishermen to catch a cetus f (and how it was found there no one was who would confess to have heard in that little stream before a cetus caught or seen) and so great also on the same day there a multitude of fish was found, that not only the Convent and Clergy, by fish copiously caught are nourished: but also all the people, who had gathered at his Anniversary, all abundantly and sufficiently were satiated, give thanks for them to saint Menric and to the holy Trinity.
[24] Hence it is prolix to hold the history, what kinds and how many virtues through his intervention there the Lord deigned to operate: the rest are passed over in silence. for the blind received sight, demons also without number were expelled; paralytics very many cured, dead raised, and very many detained by diverse infirmities, by the merits g of B. Virgin Mary were restored to pristine health.
ANNOTATED D.P.
June IV: 21. June