ON THE SAINT DISCIPLES OF PAUL THE APOSTLE.
TERTIUS, JESUS JUSTUS, AND ARTEMAS LIKEWISE TERENTIUS BISHOP AND MARTYR.
CENT. I
HISTORICAL SYLLOGE.
Their cultus; Episcopate uncertain, Terentius different from Tertius.
Tertius, Disciple of Paul, perhaps also Bishop (S.)
Jesus Justus, Disciple of Paul, perhaps also Bishop (S.)
Artemas, Disciple of Paul, perhaps also Bishop (S.)
BY G. H.
[1] In the Roman Martyrology is celebrated the memory of S. Terentius Bishop and Martyr at Iconium in Lycaonia: and Baronius adds in the Notes, S. Terentius Martyr, that he is treated also by the Greeks on this day in the Menologium, namely of Cardinal Sirleti: whose words are these. On the same day, XXI June, of the Holy Martyrs Terentius Bishop of Iconium, Marcus Bishop of Apolloniadis, brother, cousin of Barnabas the Apostle, surnamed Justus. The said words have been extracted from the printed Menaea, where they are the same except for the words by which the holy Martyr in the singular, not of Apollonia is called Terentius alone. Meanwhile Galesinius writes thus: At Iconium of S. Terentius Bishop and Martyr. At Apollonia of S. Marcus Bishop and Martyr, and alleges the Greek Tables: but I fear lest he has read them accurately. With those however cited with Galesinius, Ferrari in the Catalogue of Saints who are not held in the Roman Martyrology, with S. Terentius omitted, related there, adds these: At Apollonia in Phrygia of S. Marcus, Bishop and Martyr. But whence did Ferrari know it is here a question of Apollonia city of Phrygia, but to be ascribed to Apolloniadis. when Stephen of the Cities counts twenty-five of that name; and Ferrari himself in his geographical Lexicon recounts eight? But by the Greeks Terentius is nowhere ascribed to Apollonia but always to Apolloniadis, as will soon appear. There is moreover a double Apollonias, an Episcopal city, the one of Caria, the other of Bithynia on the border of Mysia, to which also it seems to be attributed.
[2] About these Saints and others on XXII June in the Mss. Menaea of Milan of the Ambrosian Library, of Turin of the Duke of Savoy, of Paris of Cardinal Mazarin, and in the Ms. Synaxarium of the Church of Constantinople in these words it is treated. Ἄθλησις τοῦ ἁγίου ἱερομάρτυρος Τερεντίου, Ἐπισκόπου Ἰκονίου. The contest of the holy Hieromartyr Terentius Bishop of Iconium, who alone is referred to in the Mss. Menaea of Dijon: To him are joined Marcus, Jesus, and Artemas 22 June in others is added. Καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου Μάρκου, ἀνεψιοῦ Βαρνάβα τοῦ Ἀποστόλου λεγομένου, Ἐπισκόπου Ἀπολλωνιάδος· καὶ Ἰησοῦ λεγομένου Ἰούστου, Ἐπισκόπου Ἐλευθεροπόλεως· καὶ Ἀρτέμα, Ἐπισκόπου, Λύστρας, καὶ τῶν συν ἀυτῷ. And of Marcus called cousin of Barnabas the Apostle, Bishop of Apolloniadis, and Jesus called Justus, Bishop of Eleutheropolis; and Artemas, Bishop of Lystra and Companions. Hence first are corrected the words of Sirleti, and of the Menaea on XXI June, in which Marcus seemed to be called surnamed Justus, when Jesus is affected with such a surname. Two of these St. Paul mentions in the epistle to the Colossians ch. 4: Aristarchus my fellow-captive greets you (to be referred to the day IV of August) and Marcus cousin of Barnabas, about whom you have received commands: if he comes to you, receive him: and Jesus who is called Justus, who are from the circumcision: these alone are my helpers in the kingdom of God, who have been a solace to me.
[3] Again in the Ms. Synaxarium of Constantinople about these four on the day XX of October these things are had: and again on 20 The memory of the Holy Apostles Terentius Bishop of Iconium, Marcus Bishop of Apolloniadis cousin of Barnabas, and Jesus called Justus Bishop of Eleutheropolis, and Artemius bishoping in Lystra. Again on XXX October in the printed Menaea these things are read: Οὗτοι οἱ ἅγιοι Ἀποστολοί εἰσὶν ἐκ τῶν Ἑβδομήκοντα, ἐν τῇ πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν πίστει πεφωτισμένοι. Καὶ ὁ μὲν Τερέντιος Ἐπίσκοπος γέγονε Ἰκονίου μετὰ Σωσίπατρον, καὶ τούτου τὸ ὑστέρημα ἀνεπληρὼθη, καὶ τοὺς παραλειφθέντας πάτας τῷ ἁγίῳ βαπτίσματι ἀνεκαίνεσε, θαυματουργὸς ἐξαίσιος γεγονὼς· ὃς ἔγραψε δὲ καὶ την πρὸς Ῥωμαίους ἐπιστολὴν. Μάρκος δὲ ὁ τοῦ Βαρνάβα πρὸς ἀδελφῦ ἀνεψιὸς οὗ ὁ Ἀπόστολος ἐν ταῖς ἐπιστολαῖς μέμνηται, καὶ ἀυτὸς Ἀπολλωνιάδος Ἐπίσκοπος προυκεχείριστο, ἐξολεθρεύσας ἐν τῶ τῆς ἀληθείας κηρύγματι τὰ τῶν ἐιδώλων σεβάσματα. Ἰοῦστος δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς, Ἐλευθεροπόλεως Ἐπίσκοπος γέγονε, πάντας ἑλκύσας εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν τῆς ἀληθεῖας τῷ λόγῳ τῆς διδασκαλίς αὐτου. Ἀρτεμᾶς δὲ Λυστροῖς ἐπισκοπεῖ, πᾶσαν δαιμονικὴν λύσας στραγγαλίαν, ὡς τοῦ Χριστοῦ δώκιμος ὑπηρέτης. Οὗτοι ὑπὲρ τῆς ἐυσεβείας ἀγωνισάμενοι, καὶ πειρασμοῖς οὐ τοῖς τυχοῦσι περιπεσόντες, ἐν ἐιρηνῃ τὰ πνεύματα ἀυτῶν τῷ Κυρίῳ παρέθεντο. Which thus I render into Latin.
[4] Of the Holy Apostles from the Seventy, Terentius, Marcus, Justus, and Artemas. These holy Apostles were from the Seventy, in faith toward God illuminated: and 30 October, and Terentius was made Bishop of Iconium, second after Sosipatrus: and what this had left, he completed, and all those left over with sacred Baptism initiated, and performed vast miracles and wrote to the Romans an Epistle. Marcus moreover, was Barnabas's nephew from a brother, of whom the Apostle in his Epistles makes mention, who himself was also ordained Bishop of Apolloniadis, and entirely abolished the cultus of idols through the preaching of truth. Justus indeed, who was also called Jesus, was created Bishop at Eleutheropolis, where they are said to have rested in peace and drew all to the knowledge of God through the doctrine of truth. Artemas finally Bishop at Lystra, dissolved all arts and snares of the demon, as a legitimate and germane minister of Christ. These therefore contending for true religion, and having undergone not common perils, in peace handed over their souls to God.
[5] These things there, which since they are taken almost from the Synopsis of Dorotheus; it seems worthwhile to add the very words of the Synopsis. He has among the Seventy disciples of Christ Sosipater XXXIX, and of him the Apostle Paul makes mention and at Iconium was made Bishop: Tertius XLI. This man who also wrote the Epistle of Paul to the Romans, was made second Bishop of Iconium, Marcus LII. This was the cousin of Barnabas, of whom also Paul makes mention valued as Bishop of Apolloniadis. Joseph LIII; The elogia of these from Dorotheus who is also called Justus, and Barsabas, of whom Luke in the Acts of the Apostles makes mention, that in the lot with Matthias he was conjoined, was made Bishop of Eleutheropolis. Artemas LIV (Paul also recalls this one) was Bishop at Lystra. The words of Paul to Titus ch. 3 ver. 12 are these. When I shall have sent to you Artemas and Tychicus, hasten to come to me at Nicopolis, for there I have decided to winter. Lystra is moreover an Episcopal city of Isauria on the confine of Lycaonia. But Tychicus LVII, was first Bishop at Chalcedon in Bithynia. His memory we celebrated on April XXIX, and treated of various Episcopates ascribed to him. Finally another Marcus LXV, who was also called John, of whom Luke in the Acts of the Apostles recalls, was Bishop of Byblos. With Hippolytus about the disciples here named these things are referred, and with Hippolytus supposititious. Sosipater Bishop of Iconium, Terentius Bishop of Iconium, Marcus cousin of Barnabas Bishop of Apollonia, Justus Bishop of Eleutheropolis, Artemas Bishop of Lystra, Tychicus Bishop of Chalcedon, Marcus and John Bishops of Bibliopolis. And these as if there were two, when there is one, namely Marcus who is called John by Luke, Bishop of Byblos.
D. P.
[6] Thus far Henschen, who collating the words of the supposititious Dorotheus and of the Synaxaries between them, rightly stuck in doubt, what to establish about each: for in the Synaxaries all are equally said to have handed their souls to God in peace, In great confusion there and to all some Episcopate is ascribed, and all are said to have been from the Seventy disciples of Christ, of which nothing is proved from sacred letters; nor do all cohere among themselves sufficiently; nor are the names uniformly suggested. The Episcopal titles, are very uncertain; as from a suspect author, lest he either gratuitously contrived them, or assumed Episcopal names of unknown age from Churches, referring their beginnings to masters of such nomenclature; and knowing nothing else from tradition, and so prone to embracing the Disciples found by name in the Scriptures and to raising them to the college of LXXII. In the Ms. of Dijon on the same XXII June, Tertius seems to be distinguished, writer of the Epistle to the Romans, he seems, who wrote the Epistle of Paul to the Romans, at its end not Terentius, but called Tertius rather clearly to be distinguished from the Bishop of Iconium Terentius, so without the society of others related. Τῇ αὐτῇ ἡμέρα ὁ ἅγιος Τερέντιος. Ἐπίσκοπος Ἐικονίου, ἀκάνθαις κατακενθεὶς τελειοῦται, who pierced with thorns finished life; and is added a distich.
Γῆς Τερέντιος τὴν ἀρὰν γενναιόφρων Τέλους ἀφορμὴν εὗρεν ἐυλογομένην.
The cursed earth which it bore, blessed Was the cause of death to invincible Terentius.
Wherefore I would not have doubted to constitute Paul's disciple Tertius different from Terentius, perhaps much younger, from Terentius Bishop of Iconium Martyr and, whether or where Tertius was made Bishop or Martyr to leave in the middle: although in the Ms. of our Paris College, where on XXX June are related the names of all Apostles or Apostolic men, and in what place each preached, after Sosipatrus is named Τέρτιος καὶ ἀυτὸς δεύτερος Ἐπίσκοπος Εικονίου, Tertius, who was himself the second Bishop of Iconium.
[7] Similarly the Bishop of Apolloniadis Marcus, if there ever was one, I would say is different from Marcus, who is also John, the cousin of Barnabas; and from both different the Bishop of Byblos, and Marcus Bp. of Apolloniadis if this city too had any Marcus; the cousin however of Barnabas, I would not distinguish from Marcus the Evangelist, first of Aquileia and then of Egyptian Alexandria the Bishop, as I made it likely he is not to be distinguished in the Acts of S. Barnabas on the XI of this month, and further I shall do in the supplement of April day XXV. About the truth furthermore of another Marcus either Bishop of Apolloniadis or of Bibliopolis knowing nothing from elsewhere, I have been unwilling with such an uncertain name to multiply Saints of this day. Similarly someone could suspect there was at Eleutheropolis some Bishop, from the Cousin of Barnabas by name Justus, who would have given occasion of dragging to the same Jesus surnamed Justus, whom from the circumcision Paul praises as his faithful companion, writing from Rome to the Colossians from chains. Why however was not Paul, freely permitted to go where he would, having dismissed that Jesus into Syria, ordained Bishop; and did he set up his seat at Eleutheropolis? and much more Jesus Justus That however this Jesus has been related in the Catalogue of disciples by the collector of our Parisian Synaxarium on XXX June, could not have been done otherwise, than from the nearness of names, Ἰησοῦς and Ἰωσὴς: whence the born confusion gave occasion, of making this disciple of Paul also one of the LXX, such as altogether was he of whom the same Catalogue among the first thus makes mention, Ἰωσὴφ, ὁ καὶ Ἰοῦστος καὶ Βαρσαβὰς, ὁ καὶ σύμψηφος γενόμενος Ματθίου, from Joseph who is also Barsabas. καὶ αὐτὸς τῶν ἐβδομὴκοντα μαθητῶν ὑπάρχων εἱς, ἐν᾽ εἰρήνῃ τελειοῦται Joseph, who is also called Justus and Barsabas, subjected to lot with Matthias, was also one of the LXX Disciples, and rested in peace: about this one however we shall treat on XX July, with Usuardus, Ado, Notker and the Roman Martyrology.
[8] Meanwhile in the Title we have retained three certain disciples of Paul, Tertius, Jesus, and Artemas likely also somewhere Bishops: with Marcus omitted, because everywhere he is called, cousin of Barnabas, nor for any other cause did the collector of the Synaxarium name him with Jesus Justus, than because he found him with him; and indeed as alone with him from among the Jews adhering to Paul, which does not square with many others named in the same Epistle.