Raymond Bishop of Roda and Barbastro

ON SAINT RAYMOND BISHOP OF RODA AND BARBASTRO

IN THE ARAGONIAN KINGDOM OF SPAIN.

YEAR MCXXVI

PRELIMINARY COMMENTARY. On his double Episcopate, Life twice written by a contemporary, ancient and present cultus.

Raymundus, Bishop of Roda and Barbastro, in Aragon (B.)

BY D. P.

The same Charles the Great, under whose auspices nearer Gaul Spain Tarraconensis, With ancient Episcopates restored under Charles the Great, embracing today's Aragonia and Catalonia, was snatched from the Saracens; rightly is believed to have labored to restore there the Hierarchy, by his authority with the Apostolic See; that under one might be restored six bishoprics, to which there would accede one new in the town Rota commonly Roda, midway between Osca and Urgellum ancient Bishoprics. But since to the same region the Counts placed in charge, did not all with equal felicity conduct affairs; and the care of the Carolingian Kings, in promoting and stabilizing toward the North with religion the Empire, were more intent; and finally the Empire divided from the Kingdom, had left the power of the Franks vehemently unfortified, so that they themselves against the irrupting Normans from the North scarcely defended themselves; Rota added, and again removed, most parts again fell under the power of the Saracens; to be recovered gradually by the virtue of indigenous Princes. Among those so recovered also was Rota; which the King of Aragon Ramirus, in year MXL again joined to the Urgellense Bishopric as from the ordination of Louis the Pious, who had subjected to it all the churches of Ripacursia within which County also Rota, its head, is comprised. For in the diploma made above the said King says, that Rota for long was possessed by infidels; but in the time of his father Sancius received by Christians. Thus Zurita book 1 of Aragonian Annals ch. 17, when before in ch. 9 he had said, that in year DCCCCLV the first Bishop of Rota was ordained Odissendus, fourth-born son of Raymundus Count of Ripagortia, and by the Archbishop of Narbonne (for Tarracona still was under the Saracens) received as Suffragan, and the Cathedral of Rota dedicated in honor of S. Vincentius Martyr.

[2] About the order of the following Bishops, through a hundred years thence, nothing with Zurita I read ch. 19, except that when Urgellense Count Armengoldus, in year MLXV, as it had its own Bishop in year 955, had besieged Barbastrum (a powerful city and as if mid-way between Osca and Rota, and for restraining the barbarians holding Osca, most opportune) after the Count's death captured King Sancius son of Raymundus gave to Salomon Bishop of Rota: in which however some difficulty the same Zurita finds, because in the time of King Ramirus, who died in year MLXIII, and somewhat after, Bishop of Rota was Arnulfus. But hence nothing else follows, than what in the Life of S. Valerius teaches Abbot Carilius at Aynza, [so received in the 11th century, augmented also with the Balbastrensian Episcopate,] that there were two Arnulphi, between whom in the middle sat Salomon, and of whom the first in year MXXXII with the title of Bishop of Ripaecursia was present at the Pampilonensian Synod, and then at the Giennensian in year MLX; another to Salomon, of not many years as Bishop succeeded; then Raymundus Dalmatius, and afterwards Pontius. He in year MCI, by King Peter, after again received from the power of the Moors Balbastrum, was sent to Rome; to persuade Paschal II, that he allow the Episcopal See to be transferred thither, to which Rota would be subjoined. under Pontius the Saint's predecessor, Hence the successor of Pontius Raymundus, on whose cause we treat these things, both in his own and in the letters of the Roman Pontiffs, simply is written Balbastrensian Bishop; even if, at the complaints of the Canons of Rota, it was then constituted, that by the election of each Chapter the Bishops should be created, and by both title should be called; which however beyond Raymundus did not avail, as from the life will be understood.

[3] Both Churches together, and the whole district of Ripaecursia to rule Raymundus began in year MCIV, to whom in these substituted in year 1104, died in 1126, and Sat in the Episcopate (as the Life has) for XXI years, VIII months, XX days, died XI Kal. of June in the year of the Lord MCXXVI, so that his enthronement, whence the measure of time is drawn (for the consecration afterwards happened, as below will be established) fell on 11 October, which day in the already said year, by the course of the Dominical letter B, was Sunday. Rightly however the writer of the Life did not silence the title of Rotensian: since he was both older, and on this side controversy remained to the Saint, until the end of life. Of the Balbastrensian Church however from possession by force he was expelled by Stephanus Bishop of Osca, supported by the power of King Alphonsus, Driven from the Balbastrensian See by Stephanus of Osca in year 1113. in year of his Episcopate IX; never to it living he returned, but at Osca died, was brought to Rota to be buried. To Raymundus, Stephanus; to him Peter is said to have succeeded: with whom King Alphonsus, moved by the calamitous outcome of Stephanus of Osca and the miracles of S. Raymund, having ordered the Balbastrensian Church to be restored, and with him dead was elected, but not ordained Ramirus, monk of S. Pontius of Tomeria, brother of the King, soon in year MXXXIII made King himself, with the Roman Pontiff dispensing with him; it appears those two did not bear the title of either Church or of the other for a complete seven-year period, which to those succeeded their successor Gaufredus.

[4] He seems to have consecrated the first cares of his duty to the honor of his sainted predecessor, for such proved the miracles; and the cause of Canonization to be acted at Rome, after the Life was written by the contemporary Elias canonized, before all things he took care to have the Life written by a certain Theologian of his church, as also from the Membranes of our College of Caesar-augusta our Rosweid once received from P. Peter Castelarnau, with this title, Life of Blessed Raymund, Bishop of Rota and Balbastro. With this Life read at Rome, with various testimonies of sworn

depositions, the Canonization was obtained; certainly from Pope Innocent II, and that likely within the tenth year from his death; since the aforesaid King Ramirus, not disdaining to mention his own election to the same Episcopate by subscribing, says, era MCLXXIV, that is in the year of Christ MCXXXVI he makes a charter of Donation and Confirmation to the Lord God, and to saint Vincent, and to saint Raymund, and to all the Saints, and in year 1143 elected by Bishop Gaufredus. who are adored in the same church. Where however if anyone should wish him to be called Saint, not yet indeed Canonized; but meanwhile, while the cause more maturely is weighed, to be venerated at Rota permitted; it would be necessary however: that the same Innocent, who died in year MCXLIII on day XXIV September, at least at the extreme time of his Pontificate had defined that if for certain it stood that when the aforesaid Gaufredus Bishop, in this year raised his soul to elevate the body of B. Raymund, he had now canonized the highest Pontiff of the Church, as is read in the other Life with Tamayo, and ascribed to the same Elias the author; but truly much more recently interpolated, and with this addition of the Translation augmented long afterwards, and so of not very great faith.

[5] That in the Barbastrensian Ms. was found in this century under such a title, Acts of S. Raymund, Bishop of Barbastro and Rota, Confessor, written by Helias Doctor of Theology: that Life he gives here genuine, which title alone suffices to recognize the age far less than the age of Elias. Meanwhile, as a genuine offspring of his that same life took, Jerome of S. Joseph the Discalced Carmelite, and Historiographer of his Order, and sent to John Tamayo Salazar; to be inserted (as it has been inserted) into the Hispanic Martyrology, on this XXI June. The first it pleases here to give; from the later however to refer to the Annotations, whatever the interpolator from his own added; not without errors, and from it to receive the history of the elevated body. To enrich the same Annotations will serve book 2 of Oscan affairs, which is on the Saints of that church, having some right also on this Saint, who died with them. That book in year 1619 at Osca published Francis Diego de Aynza and Triarte, with additions of the other with Tamayo a citizen of Osca, who professes to have received it from the ancient Breviaries, Oscan, Ilerdensian, and Caesar-augustan, in all of which also with Octave to be celebrated is prescribed S. Raymund; likewise from the book of Domnus Michael Cercitus Bishop of Barbastro, which he inscribed to King Philip II, under the title of the restoration of the Aragonian Churches, with the history of the first Bishops of Barbastro, up to Ramirus II the King; where prolixly is described the Life of the holy Prelate: that very Life (as to me at least from the style and age of the Interpolations seems) which under Elias's name Tamayo gave.

[6] As for the public adoration of him in the Barbastrensian church, the aforesaid King we hear asserting, this is confirmed says Aynza ch. 44 by depositions of eight or ten witnesses, under year 1590 of the one interpolating the former: who all knew him while they lived, or from those who had known him heard: and in the margin again is alleged Bishop Cercitus in the Life, that he seems to have had a Process, formed in order to Canonization. Nicholas Antonius mentions Michael in his Hispanic Bibliotheca, and says he died first in year MDXCV; but thinks he never published what he wrote; that to those things obstetricating a hand we still wish; which at the same time also into light may bring forth, or at least to us transcribed may communicate, that Process for a supplement. To see similarly I would wish other Annals of Aragon, also in Spanish under year of this century XX published by a Canon of Caesar-augusta, Vincent Blasius; in which more prolixly also the life of the Saint is described, with mention of it preserved in the Barbastrensian Archive: which Aynza and Morales followed in Spanish. which I think is to be understood of the second: nor however either from that or from the prior to follow, that Elias was a Canon of the Barbastrensian, rather than of the Rotensian Church if that he truly was. Whence however to our Bolland on XXVIII January, on S. Valerius of Caesar-augusta commenting, it was suggested, that at num 24 he should write, that the same Elias afterwards also was made Bishop, I have not yet ascertained; much less the name of the See, to which he was ordained. But neither Nicholas Antonii tome 2 of the Old Hispanic Bibliotheca prolixly treating of S. Raymund's Life by Elias written to this man another title than Canon of Rota attributes.

[7] Further the cause of venerating Raymund also in the Ilerdense church (if you do not know) is, that received in year MCXLIX Ilerda, The cultus of the Saint passed to Ilerda with the See in year 1149 commonly Lerida one of the ancient Cathedrals under the Romans, Pope Eugenius III permitted to be restored to its pristine dignity, and Rota, XI Hispanic leagues distant, so to be borne the See, that he who first went there William Perez, successor of Gaufredus, and not a few others after him, wrote themselves Bishops of Lerida and Rota, with the bare and useless and always before litigious title of the Barbastrensian Church omitted which together with the revenues they continued to retain the Oscensian Bishops, and they retained until the year MDLXXII; when the Barbastrensian and Giennensian Churches, separated from the Oscan, began again to have their own Bishops. How long however the Ilerdense Bishops continued to write themselves also Rotenses; I have not ascertained; only I see in the more accurate Topography of Spain, that the town of Rota is signed with Pedo, not however Mitre, by which signs Abbatial from Episcopal churches are distinguished.

[8] Furthermore, whether the Rotensian church has Regular Monks now, or secular Canons, of whom the Provost also uses a Pedum; there is no doubt, that itself which possesses the sacred body, the principal however remained at Rota where the body; the Saint still most solemnly with Octave venerates, even after the received use of the Roman Breviary, which elsewhere caused it to cease; and after the proper Hymns therefore abolished, which with Tamayo are to be read. For also the Barbastrensian Church the same began to do, after in year MDXCV from the Rotensian it received a brachial bone the major, from the elbow to the shoulder, which the aforenamed Bishop Michael, with most celebrated apparatus received on day X April. This day however is not henceforth held festive there, just as nor does Rota persevere in arranging the feast of the translated Body, XVI November; if however this ever was once in use. Furthermore the Life of this Saint also transmits Marietta in the History of the Saints of Spain: whence the brachial bone is held at Barbastro from year 1595. from which and from Ambrose Morales book 16 Hist. Hisp. notice of the same also passes into the general Catalogue of Philip Ferrari. The supplement also of the Gallican Martyrology with an ample elogium mentions Raymund because namely in the Tolosan diocese born, and from Prior of the church of S. Saturninus, was made Bishop.

ACTS By Elias contemporary.

From the Ms. of our College of Caesar-augusta, collated and supplied from more recent ones, from the Ms. Barbastrensian printed by Tamayo.

Raymundus, Bishop of Rota and Barbastro, in Aragon (B.)

BHL Number: 7074

PREFACE.

[1] To his most Reverend and most beloved Lord Gaufredus, The later Life prefers also novelty in titles, by God's nod Bishop of Rota or Barbastro, Helias, among Christ's servants would that the least, the inaccessible crown of glory. Thus the Caesar-augustan Codex, from whose style wonderfully much diverse also the Barbastrensian interpolator, thus beginning: To my most Reverend and most venerable Lord, Gaufredus, by God's nod Bishop of Barbastro and Rota, by King Ramirus elected and presented, and by Pope Innocent II confirmed. This besides that it is not of this century, customary to the name of him to whom it is written, to subjoin the name of the writer humbly, with the apprecation of some spiritual good; novelty moreover his he confesses in that, that of Royal election and presentation, and Pontifical confirmation he made mention, and according to today's morals; when at that time, just as rightly observes Aynza, only Clergy and people's election, strengthened by Royal assent, and the subsequent through Comprovincial Bishops ordination completed, constituted a Bishop, who up to that day only was called Elected. The Epistle, following the salutation in the Caesar-augustan Ms. is read thus.

[2] Since your Excellency to my smallness has deigned to enjoin, the most blessed Life of Raymund in style to transmit to posterity; the antiquity of the prior the style proves, I have done according to my measure, what I could, although unpolished, observing however in all the veridical series: which more I have completed obeying your command, than studying for the splendor or culture of words. For in such matter a pedestrian and simple oration is necessary, not the leaves of speeches or splendor. Because the sacred and Orthodox Church of God, while it sojourns on earth, as by certain rays, so by the examples of the Saints is illuminated. And so worthy is it that with style be commended the life of Blessed Raymund, Bishop of Barbastro, of whose kindly life, and exquisite and very many miracles, few summarily and truly we shall touch, for the cause of edification of Christ-worshippers. Dan. 12, 3 For such sublime and heavenly men, are the splendor and stars of the firmament; and who instruct many to justice, as stars unto perpetual eternities.

[3] The Barbastrensian Ms. which I judge is of Bishop Cercitus, this same Epistle inverts, as to order, much; much altered by the interpolator. not much as to the sense of words; which however it seemed good as a specimen of the remaining interpolation here to subjoin. Because your Excellency, moved by God's spirit, with the divine Prophet, because the Saints of God are as splendor unto perpetual eternities; and because the sacred and catholic Church, while it sojourns on earth, as by certain rays of the sun, so by examples of the Saints is illuminated; therefore he has deigned to me, in the name of Helias least of Doctors of Theology, to enjoin, that the life of saint Raymund, Bishop of Barbastro and Rota, whose Chair your Excellency obtains, in style to posterity I should transmit or describe. Would that I were sufficient! but I prefer to obey your command, than by the stain of disobedience be corrupted. And in this writing not the ornament of speech, but a simple oration is necessary; not the leaves of words, but splendor. I have done also, that with that very S. Raymund interceding with God, I, with those following him, may obtain unfading glory: for which to be had, his life, example and rule is necessary to us. Of whose kindly life and exquisite and very many miracles, few summarily and truly we shall touch and for the cause of exhortation of Christ-worshippers.

Thus far the Preface of the later Life, which in this our work, with the original following, I do not think much to be desired. I continue therefore with the first context.

PART I.

On the prior Life of Raymund, Episcopal Ordination and Administration.

[4] The blessed Raymund therefore, as much as to secular lineage, was illustrious by Royal and Consular a kinship, in the Tolosan Diocese; from the town of Urbanum b, was begotten of most illustrious parents: sacred letters from infancy he learned. Born of high lineage Then from his parents drawn away in secular military service still a boy for some time he served. Finally to the study of letters spontaneously he returned, and in the religious Church of Blessed Antoninus c of Fredalacium offered by his parents, the yoke of the Canonical norm devoutly

he underwent; according to that of the Gospel: If anyone wishes to come after me let him deny himself. Luc. 9, 23 becomes a Monk, As with divine inspiring and cooperating grace, he began also in the years of puberty to live with the maturity of an old man, and extending himself to higher things, going from virtue to virtue, as a divine athlete, daily to advance; according to that of the most wise Solomon, The path of the just is as a shining light, going forward, and growing even unto the perfect day. Prov. 4, 18, Gal. 5, 24 Flesh rebellious to spirit he was eager to subdue by abstinence, and its motions, and concupiscences to reason entirely to subjugate, according to that of the Apostle; Those who are Christ's have crucified their flesh with the vices and concupiscences.

[5] And when he was beyond his fellow-soldiers endowed with skill, eloquence, and the difficulty of religion; he was however the most gentle and most humble of all; mindful of that Dominical saying: Learn from me because I am meek and humble of heart; and Whoever shall wish among you to be first, then Prior of S. Saturninus of Toulouse, shall be the servant of all. Matth. 11, 29 & 20, 27. Whence when the good odor of his most holy life, and praise-flowing reputation everywhere became famous, by the Canonical assembly of the Most Blessed Saturninus of the Tolosan Church he was unanimously elected as Prior, urgently demanded, and with the universal favor of all the clergy and people, solemnly promoted. To him indeed among the other charisms divinely conferred, the special grace of elegant exhortation was: for very many indeed from death he raised alive, and by spiritual preaching. Many years having elapsed meanwhile d, of venerable memory Pontius the Bishop of Barbastro stripping off the man e escaped the prison of flesh: after whose lamentable death the Canons of Rota, f whose was in the Barbastrensian Church to elect and substitute a Pontiff, and is unanimously elected Bishop absent: the venerable Raymund unanimously and consonantly elected; with King Peter the glorious of Aragon granting, and at the same time the whole surrounding region rejoicing together. For they had heard the most celebrated fame of his life and doctrine; by chance present and therefore so honest, so humble a Pastor for themselves universally they wished.

[6] Meanwhile while he g under another occasion, of the Pontificate entirely ignorant, to Spain from the Tolosan parts is led; King Peter is deprived of temporal life h: Illefonsus his brother gains the kingdom. i When however to Raymund of happy memory, by the Clergy and the King, and by the Optimates of the kingdom about undertaking the Bishopric is persuaded, although prevailing in virtues he resists and reluctates. Nevertheless k he unwilling is brought into Barbastro, and on the Episcopal Chair by common vow and exclamation of all is enthroned. Then l by Bernardus, Primate of the Toledo Church venerable and legate of the holy Roman Church, and by the King persuaded is ordained: and by the comprovincial Co-bishops canonically is consecrated. Which performed returning to his own see, he began to preside in solicitude, by visiting his diocese to perlustrate, the Dominical sheep diligently to pasture, in the field committed to him to disperse and destroy; to pluck up and dissipate, to build and plant. For good things cannot be built, unless first evil things are destroyed; nor the best planted, unless the worst are eradicated: vices first also are to be extirpated, then virtues to be inserted. And although some, especially in these days in which dangerous times threaten, are wont to swell with honors, to heap up riches, to flow in delights: and worthy of that grade he shines in virtues. the holy man on the contrary studied most humbly to minister, wishing more to profit, than to preside, by paying out his things to the needy to treasure up in heaven, his flesh more strictly than usual to restrain, a hair-shirt secretly and hiddenly to put on against his flesh. With this for scarcely eight years he used the harsh garment, with one however conscious secretary as his keeper. He was not seeking what was his own, but what was of Jesus Christ, or what pertained to the utility of his neighbor. According to that of the Apostle; Let no one seek what is his own, but what is of another m.

ANNOTATED D.P.

is found) cannot however be deceived nor deceive for year 1096, in which the Council of Clermont the same Peter attended; and 1100, in which his epitaph he writes that by him began to be built the church of S. Mary; unless that Peter someone should show should be split into two, of whom the latter is with S. Raymund ordained. But less is this difficulty: because more easily is believed that an author writing long after has erred, than a contemporary, such as was Elias. He however truly says, that Raymund to be ordained stood himself before Bernardus of Toledo, then performing the Apostolic Legation and in this great difficulty Aynza finds, because he thinks the Ordination of Raymund was made about the same time, in which Peter died and Alfonsus succeeded; nor does he find time in which the Toledan was in Aragon, until the nuptials of Alfonsus with Urraca of Castile celebrated in year 1106: since he from the side of the old King, as Mariana says, did not depart, the very author of those nuptials being hastened. But in vain here he tortures himself Aynza, and tries to persuade that Raymund to be ordained went to his own Metropolitan of Ausona or Vich Bishop (Arnaldus this was from year 1096 to 1116), for with this then resided the right and title of the Tarraconensian Archbishopric, since it had not yet been recovered from the Saracens. But the first life says there was not then in Aragon a Primate, and to this expressly sends Raymund the second Life.

What however prohibits to opine, that Alfonsus, solicitous of taking a wife, who would bring him hope of extending his empire also into Castile and Leon, wished the honor of that consecration deferred to the Primate, of whose favor especially he needed? and under the pretext of consecration to be sought, sent into Castile Raymund, with one or another from Aragon Bishop? indeed of an empty title and a right founded on it should not be believed the force to have been so great, with a young and ambitious King, that he should put his own and the kingdom's advantages after the same, or against it dare to murmur the Ausona or Vicensian Arnaldus.

LATER EMBOLISM

On Raymund's expulsion from the Barbastrensian See and the translation of the arm of S. Valerius.

[7] In these good works being free, the Venerable Bishop persisted in his Barbastrensian See for very many years a peacefully, until envy, which first cast the man from his proper throne, moved Stephanus Bishop of Osca; that he should persecute and apprehend the holy Man Bishop of Barbastro, Violently ejected from the Episcopate, his See, City, and Episcopate; and divide the spoils, that his soul might be filled, as in the Canticle of Moses is held, saying: The enemy said &c. and so by deed completed, and with armed hand, and with secular arm taken with him horribly, and without mercy, the said Barbastrensian City invaded; and from the Church of Barbastro, with hand holding the horn of the altar, and from the City, that very Raymund expelled, and atrociously stripped. Cap. 3, Ex. 15, 9 Who Saint of God when thence stripped, on foot, barefoot, and with bared feet had gone out, with the common people of Christians, Jews, and Saracens condoling and following, up to the place near the City, which is called Hill of the suspended: all lamenting and bewailing the miserable lot were consoling the venerable Bishop, and he preached to them; and after the sermon, as was his custom, gave them the Episcopal blessing as to his sons, and as Isaac gave to his son Jacob, saying to them: Behold the odor of my son as the odor of a full field, which the Lord has blessed. Gen. 23. May God give to you of the dew of heaven, and of the fatness of the earth, abundance of grain, wine and oil. Let peoples serve you, and let Tribes adore you, and be you lords of your brothers, and let the sons of your mothers bow down before you. He who curses you, let him be cursed; and he who blesses you, with blessings let him be filled.

[8] And with this blessing finished, returned and gazing at the city; Stephanus Bishop of Osca, sacrilegious, despoiler, and invader of that holy See, City, and Episcopate of Barbastro, with his abettors, cursed and excommunicated, and cursed and b excommunicated left them; God and the Holy Roman See interpellating, is said to have excommunicated the authors of the injury. and with voices of heart and mouth with the Prophet saying: Touch not my Christs, and in my Prophets do not do evil, for you will be sacrilegious and criminal. And returning to himself, and assuming patience, that he might deserve the Episcopal See in the heavens, and that to us exiles he might be a Pastor, Patron and Advocate on earth; recalling that: Abraham, go forth from your land, and from your father's house, and go into the land, which I will show you; and I will bless those blessing you, and curse those cursing you, and in you shall be blessed all the kindreds of the earth; with the grief of his bride the Barbastrensian See, and of his sons of the lesser people of Christians, Jews, and Saracens. Psam. 104, Gen. 12. The holy man withdrew, and ascended to the Rotensian church or See, which he destined for himself as Pontifical; until God the just Judge restore to himself and his the Barbastrensian Church. The Rotensian Church shines forth, and rejoices fortified by the custody of so great a Pastor. The Saint of God weeps, of the Barbastrensian Church, After he received himself to the Rotensian church, his spiritual bride, widowed, fasting, watching, and giving himself to prayers, and with all affect of mind, what is of God embraces; hair-shirts he prepares for himself, and with them clothed for sixteen years' c space, only with the keeper conscious, is covered. So the flesh rebellious to the spirit is subdued. O happy constancy of the blessed Man! O admirable abstinence of the holy Bishop! O ineffable patience of the holy Bishop! by whom so patiently was avoided human glory.

[9] In the subsequent time however it happened, that S. Raymund, with the spoil of the Barbastrensian Church continuing, through Stephanus Bishop of Osca made, and on account of residence in the Rotensian Church, at that time called B. Raymund d, was named Bishop of the Ripacurtians, as in the feast of the Translation e of S. Valerius, in the Breviaries Caesar-augustan and Oscan, written is held. Cap. 4. called Bishop of the Ripacurtians: Indeed he did not cease to be a man of great religion, for coming once for the expedition f of Cotenda, to the city of Caesar-augusta he approached; by the Bishop of Caesar-augusta and the other Brother Canons of his with such great affect of love he was received, that in the young Church g, of Caesar-augusta such great charity so quickly to have grown rejoicing, he marveled: and entering the Chapter of the same Church of Caesar-augusta, a Canon and son h and participant of all benefits to be made he asked. the people of Caesar-augusta asking They however over the consortium of so great a man rejoicing together, and for such a petition rendering thanks to him with the greatest love, into Canon and Brother they admitted. With association therefore entered, and with the bond of charity bound, and up to the present day preserved with the Caesar-augustan Canons; the Rotensian Canons, as brothers, receive a daily distribution of bread and wine; for three days to be conferred on them.

[10] The Bishop of Caesar-augusta, and the other Brother Canons, with groans and tears the love of the aforesaid Raymund, grants the arm of S. Valerius, then Ripacurtian Bishop and Barbastrensian, although despoiled, unanimously began to implore, that of the body of B. Valerius Bishop of Caesar-augusta (which Body in the Rotensian Church was held, and there was buried) some part i he would grant to them, and restore to its proper See. Whose petition the venerable man seeing just, conquered by their tears and prayers; since they were asking an honest thing, he heard their prayers; and to their will he acquiesced, and the arm of B. Valerius Bishop of Caesar-augusta to give he promised. Wherefore are sent from the Brothers most honest men, who such Relics reverently might handle, and to their pristine See happily bring back. With which received, possessed of the vow, nor defrauded of their desire, with joy they returned, bearing the Arm of their Patron Valerius.

[11] When therefore they approached the city of Caesar-augusta, with the announcement made, the Bishop and Clerics, men and women, which is festively received, not without a miracle. old and young, and boys, as if then from exile returning Pontiff Valerius went out to meet; all also unanimously agreeing, and to the Most High rendering thanks, God in such a gift to bless and glorify, and in those praises to exalt did not cease. At the spectacle of this matter many of the Saracens going out, marveled that a dead man, with such honor they followed. But a demoniac, who for many months by a demon vexed, was standing by the Bishop and Canons, with the Arm of the said S. Valerius upon the bridge proceeding to him, as to a stronghold ran, and was freed k: with which miracle seen, much more they rejoiced.

ANNOTATED D. P.

we wish to be preserved, just as by their writings and our privileges it has been defined. If anyone however shall have presumed anything, he shall find the indignation of the Apostolic See. Thus to the King: to the one of Osca however thus: Paschalis, servant of the servants of God, to the beloved Brother Bishop of Osca, interdicts the office to Stephanus of Osca, salvation and Apostolic benediction. You have lifted up, Brother, your mouth to heaven, when despising the statutes of the Apostolic See, you have instructed the Barbastrensian people, that to their Bishop just things they should not pay. This indeed is to plunder Episcopal things, to trample on Roman privileges. To these invading the house of the Barbastrensian Bishop, what are held there you have taken away, and from the church's little villa prey with armed hand on solemn days you have driven away: upon these by the same Bishop admonished to return what is his you have despised, moreover against him you have tried to move the King's soul, and the excommunicated by him soldier into your consortium you have received. We order therefore that within two months, after these present letters you receive, to the abovesaid Bishop you make satisfaction, and in the future from this presumption entirely you desist: otherwise we from the Episcopal and Sacerdotal office, until you make satisfaction, interdict you. How nothing to either letter was advanced then, from the following you will learn: that however Raymund continued to be reckoned by others with the title of Barbastrensian, unless within 2 months he makes satisfaction. is clear from this memorial of the dedicated altar of S. John in the town Alquezarii, In the year of the incarnation of the Lord MCXIII. Raymundus, Bishop of Barbastro, on the seventh Ides of September consecrated this altar, and placed in it the Relics of the holy Martyrs Irenes and her companions: and again about the last years of life, In the year of the Incarnation of the Lord MCXXIII, on the sixth Ides of November, Raymundus Bishop of Barbastro, consecrated this holy monastery of Alaon the church, in honor of the holy Mother of God Mary, depositing in the altar of the same most sacred Virgin the Relics of the Apostles Simon and Jude, and of S. Cornelius Pope and Martyr. He himself however the Saint preferred to abstain from the litigious and empty title, signing, Raymundus Bishop in Rota as is with Aynza for year 1115; or, as is with Tamayo in the Notes, for year 1121, † sign of Raymund Bishop of Rota.

PART II.

Death of the Saint and miracles after death.

[12] Meanwhile the King of Aragon Ildefonsus armipotent, warlike triumpher, magnanimous, proposed with a vast army of Christ-worshippers to penetrate Iberia, the Agarenes, foreigners and infidels powerfully to expel. To whom the aforesaid Prelate of God a he wished to have as companion, Accompanying the King to the Malaga expedition, that he might strengthen himself and his army by long exhorting, and help by frequent prayer. Wherefore the blessed Bishop, with his Church most diligently arranged, set out with the warlike King, and his expedition, up to the last Province of Spain which is named b Malacha, through many namely battles and dangers. On which journey innumerable from the army fell partly from hunger, partly from cold, partly from the difficulty of the journey, and various accidents of death from the insolence or intemperance of the air: to whom the man of God in the way he could came to aid, the hungry by feeding, the cold by clothing, the wearied by carrying, the sick by consulting, the fighting, that for Christ they should not fear to die, by persuading: for he was full of charity, and abounded in him bowels of compassion and mercy. shows charity toward the wretched, Where however to Malacha they came, ran together the perfidious and audacious Moabites, with an innumerable multitude of fighters: but with Christ triumphing through his own they did not prevail c. Then the aforesaid Pontiff to the Christ-worshippers such things persuaded: Powerful is the Lord to overcome both in few and in multitude: for he himself to his own said: Fear not, but rather trust, I have overcome the world. Joan. 16, 33, Matth. 10, 28 And again: Fear not those, who kill the body, but the soul they cannot kill. While however the army fought, he in the manner of Moses to God was free, and apart prayed: for with such arms he knew to contend, which can penetrate the heavens.

[13] At last, the Theologian and God-worshipping man, with the others from Malacha, but sick however returned, and up to the city of Osca sick he came: d and there now failing with sickness, thence becomes sick at Osca, how he was with his sons in Christ to the Rotensian Canons he quickly reported. Which heard, over the paternal sickness most lamenting, to Osca immediately they hasten, where they had learned he was sick. To whom assisting and weeping he began sweetly to address them, paternally to console, from infirm and transitory things to dissuade, to the highest and eternal, which now he was pre-tasting, to exhort e, saying thus: whom called to the lying one the Rotensian Canons

Brothers love virtue, the decor of virtue, Among you may the virtue of friendship reign: Empty love, sincere faith, sound prudence, These be among you, and holy religion. That you may be a temple of Christ, retain the vigor Of justice: let not fragile love break you, The ambition of things enticing and the pleasure of flesh. In the bedchamber of faith always have God. Never may, Brothers, condemnable money condemn you: And let no ambition, Brothers, press you down.

[14] Be mindful of me, Brothers; and help by prayers, Lest our journey by satan be impeded. Of holy Scripture, Brothers, retain the vigor, exhorts to the study of virtues: And the books of Canons, and the justice of the Fathers: And above all that is, Brothers, retain modesty: That modesty will be a tower, and as a wall. O Brothers, for justice may no storm Forsake you: that patient one, will be blessed. For whom they contend for justice, his rewards Christ At the right of the Father prepares omnipotent. In Sacraments, Brothers, in peace to be cultivated Let study be to you: this is good religion. Be mindful indeed that you are masters of the law: is greatly lamented by his own To the heavens you are the noble Ladder of Jacob. He prays: Sheep committed to me, O King, receive Pastor. Lest the lying-in-wait wolf rush in and tear. Preserve, lest they perish wandering through any byways; These to you I commend, receive Father them. Receive me, Pastor; King, do not hand me to enemies; Let not the legion of lucifer avail against me. Highest Father of things, if I have bound anyone by reason Undeserving, loose; spare your people f.

[15] Then the Sacrament of life, and also the Chalice of Christ He takes; and the spirit exults in the Lord and piously dies In the year of the Incarnation of the Lord MCXXVI Era MCLXIV. The Brothers standing by over the death of so great a Patron Mourn; o how great over the Father is their mourning! O Father, o solace of the Fatherland, our glory, Why do you dismiss the sheep, which the lying-in-wait wolf Desires to tear, which in the reins of virtue Was bridling the love of sacred Religion. What shall the Clergy do, whom you were wont to nourish? With you falling falls, with you ruined ruined. Peoples convene, every age and order comes, They mourn at the obsequies of the sacred Prelate. O light of Pontiffs, decor of all religion! O light of the Church and powerful justice! Lover of true justice, of true piety, O sweet meals bestowing on the poor! In members satisfying Christ, and bound with chains Captives redeeming. O wretched souls With heavenly word satisfying, and from Satan removing! O placing souls in the paradisiacal seat! O extirpator of heresies, and column of faith! O temple of Christ, pleasing dwelling of God! O exceedingly studious of the books of religion, In the books of Canons o exceedingly studious! Your generous hand to the poor, your generous will; O of Poverty who shall be the reliever? Who of holy faith, who shall have love of peace? After you all things fall, and with you falling fall. O Father holding forth a spiritual example, O Father, o bridge of your people, way, ladder!

[16] Soon his body, pontifically clothed, in a wooden chest is placed, to the Rotensian church is transferred, and there together with the lamenting clergy, body transferred to the Rotensian church, and people honorably is led.

The sick come, are healed by medicine, Which comes from heaven. The Pontiff's bier They touch, asking the medicine of the supreme King, By his merits who lies in the bier. Or they touch the garments, with which that lovely body Is clothed. There comes from the bedchamber of faith, By the prayers of that Bishop, the medicine of heaven, Healing the sick; and with God healing It comes, and is certain to all, that that medicine The inhabitant of heaven from the region for the good Receives: and knows the force of faith, the force of merits; And medicine is given by the force of faith and merit: It is certain that Christ offers that medicine. His titles of both faith and merit He arranges in the kingdom of heaven; and by the merits of blessed Life enriches him, glorifying him to the people:

And that he served prompt for every good, That he served the Lord well, the talents committed That well multiplying he returned to the Lord. For the Holy Pontiff they make a tomb, he is buried: To the tomb they come, make vows, prayers. The sick are healed there, languishing limbs By heavenly help also return healthy. Who was Pastor on earth, Pastor above the stars Is made, the Pastor the Lord ordains him. On earth living, he pastured them, above the stars Reigning he himself rules, and watches over them.

[17] He sat however in the Episcopate h for XXI years VIII months XX days. Time of the See. To whose venerable sepulcher an innumerable multitude of peoples flows together, rejoicing and astonished at the novelty of recent signs. For Christ, where he served operating through him, with the name of Blessed Raymund invoked, the sick are healed, demoniacs are freed, the blind are illuminated, the mute speak, prisons are opened, the fettered are loosed, the contracted are raised up. Of which those things, which most certainly we know we shall compendiously and truly elucidate.

[18] After therefore the burial of Raymund of happy memory a modest time having passed, Those laboring with fevers are healed, a certain woman in the Rotensian village, where the man of God rests, was greatly compassionating her daughter, who long incurably had had fevers: to whom the mother such things said: O my beloved daughter, I recall the most holy life of that most blessed man Raymund, recently Bishop of Barbastro; who although seems to have died temporally, however most firmly I believe, that he migrated to a better and perennial life, where with Christ he reigns. In his merits therefore, daughter, hoping, if his name with confidence you shall invoke, of long fevers without doubt you shall be cured. Whose according to maternal counsel with name invoked, the fevers with superfluous humors immediately she vomited: and entirely cured, that due thanks to God, and his servant she might repay, with her companion mother with the offering of a light, to his sarcophagus rejoicing she went. Similarly also another i woman invoking the help of the sacred Prelate by similar event escaped the disease of fevers, and about to give thanks, came to his tomb. It happened also very many in the same diocese had fevers, who immediately were cured, the name of the holy Pontiff invoked and to his mausoleum they flocked, with manifold action of thanks.

[19] There happened also another memorable miracle in a certain town of Castile. captives are loosed from chains. For there two Christ-worshipping Soldiers, fettered and chained long had been in captivity, and no entry of escape they could find: who with the name of the sacred Prelate Raymund confidently invoked, immediately freed they escaped the prison; and the fetters and chains to his sepulcher, with immense actions of thanks, they brought k. Then a certain woman, who long had been deprived of light, to his tomb to spend the night and pray came; and this fulfilled to her own she returned. Who returned, the name of the sacred Prelate again invoking, sight suddenly received: and soon before him to give thanks, with great exaltation returned. Afterwards a certain woman, who utterly lacked speech, to the sepulcher of the blessed man by chance had come; where when standing she assisted, through the merit of the sacred Bishop she obtained the office of speaking. With so many therefore miracles becoming famous, a certain man with his son mute from birth, to the sepulcher of blessed Raymund hastened; humbly imploring his suffrage. Where with the Father assisting with the son, and piously praying for him, soon integrity of speaking is conferred on the boy, by the most holy Raymund's intervention and aid l.

ANNOTATED D. P.

APPENDIX

On the Translation and the more recent Life: and on Stephanus of Osca.

Raymundus, Bishop of Rota and Barbastro, in Aragon (B.)

[20] By the death of the said S. Raymund, says Didacus de Aynza, the Royal letters had no effect; With the Saint dead Stephanus setting out for Rome, nor did the said Stephanus, sacrilegious and invader and excommunicated, work the salvation of his soul and restitution; but bringing forth the aforesaid crimes, he took the journey to Rome; that with Raymund dead, the confirmation of the sacrilegious spoil, and the investiture of the same Chair he might receive. But, with his merits and sins exacting, and God by no means permitting, that a sacrilegious one in the Chair of the holy Prelate should sit; it happened that on the journey, before he reached Rome, he was miserably killed by robbers; is killed by robbers; and his companions returned without him; as in authentic scriptures is proved and stands. But because the memory of the Saints remains forever, God willed that the memory of S. Raymund, Bishop of Barbastro and Rota, after his death and burial, that very in the holy Rotensian church, the body of Raymund becoming famous with miracles, where his body was buried, with miracles indicating might be manifested and magnified by God, with the novelty and multitude of recent miracles. For an innumerable multitude of Christians, as to a certain physician and infallible medicine, to his burial began to flow.

[21] By the cause of which matter Gaufridus, third from the holy man Bishop of Barbastro and Rota, after he had translated many remains of the Saints in a certain church, is elevated by Gaufridus Bp., within the gardens of the Rotensian city outside the walls situated, there buried and by the Agarens hidden, to a place of honor of his Church, and a Confraternity under the name of S. Eulogius, of which he himself with Sancius Bishop of Pampilona, and with Sancius of Naxara, and with Odo of Osca a Confrère made himself, had instituted; and had applied his soul to elevating the sacred Body of B. Raymund his predecessor; whom now the highest Pontiff of the church had Canonized: so, with the aforepraised Bishops, Canons, Nobles and all surrounding peoples assisting, the sacred pledges within a marble chest, XVI Kalend. in year 1143 17 Dec. of December in the year of the Lord MCXLIII enclosing, to the major altar of the Rotensian Church he transferred: where God by his intercession performs many miracles: of which not all, but those which more necessary and veridical, in brief series I have decreed to write. And consequently follow all the above-related, which before the translation we believe to have been done, nor one more does the author here add: so that it is scarcely credible that he found more written up to his times, that is up to the end of the preceding century.

[22] The King repenting Furthermore as to the Royal letters, through which Raymund had been ordered to be restored to the Barbastrensian see; already above I have noted none truly were given to him: and S. Oldegarius writing about that, to Innocent II, far later indicates they were given, when so he writes: At last for Raymund the Bishop dead, and Stephanus of Osca killed, that very King as he heard, that many God through the same Rotensian Bishop Raymund operated miracles; orders restitution of Barbastro to the successor Peter with Bishops and religious men called together, confessed the evil which he had done; and said before all: I for my sin that religious man, without reason and judgment, expelled from his Barbastrensian See: now however fearing God's judgment, to Peter Rotensian Bishop, according to my father and brother of good memory Kings' institutes, and Apostolic see Privileges, to him and his successors by Royal authority I confirm.

[23] The cause however of Stephanus so proceeded, as teach the letters of Calixtus II, given after not only, Paschal II in year MCXVIII, which with the Saint still living Calixtus 2 vainly attempted, but also Gelasius II in the following year had died from that one their successor, with Raymund still living, in this tenor. Calixtus &c. You yourself, Brother, know, that for a long time we love you, and wish to love: but that rumor your Brothers vehemently disturbs, that the Barbastrensian Bishop, without judgment and reason, from his seat you have horribly cast; and by our predecessor, Pope Paschal of good memory asked, even interdicted, from that same violence you do not desist. We ask therefore your Fraternity and order, that the same Brother fully to the chair of his See you restore. Continued nevertheless Stephanus to possess the occupied see, not only had he obtained nothing, and so conducted his cause, with royal favor especially supported, that to the Roman Curia only not

he proved it, and at least under the promise of satisfaction to be made deserved to be absolved. For this absolution to the Pampelonensian Bishop committing Calixtus, XVIII months earlier dead than Raymund, so writes to him with Aynza page 319. where also the premised are to be read. Against the Oscan Bishop the sentence of excommunication we had given, but also Stephanus had absolved. for the reason that our venerable Brother Raymund of Barbastro from his own seat, without hearing and judgment, he expelled, and admonished to come to us he despised. Afterwards however inclined by the prayers of the King of Aragon we absolved him.

[24] To Calixtus succeeded in year MCXXIV Honorius II, However Honorius 2 refused to confirm him: and sat until XIV February of year MCXXX. To him with Raymund dead approached the aforesaid Stephanus, hoping with his rival deceased to obtain the confirmation of his possession; but that defrauded of that hope he returned to Spain, from the Annals of Aragon Aynza gathers: for there it is said that with the matters for which he had gone to Rome left undone, he found two successively elected by the Rotensian Canons in the right and title of the Barbastrensian; first indeed of the same name to himself Stephanus, who with consecration not yet undertaken, the Roman Curia first to himself to approach thought, that very confirmation perhaps thence with the definition of his controversy to bring back; but on the way with proposal changed he renounced the Election: wherefore for him was elected Peter: who similarly through himself or delegates pursuing the cause in the Curia, Innocent II perhaps again excommunicated in year 1130. under Innocent II, of necessity the Oscan again at Rome to present himself, perhaps excommunicated anew, or certainly fearing to be excommunicated. What kind from Rome he returned I do not know: this I know from his fatal death that if man absolved him, God did not absolve at least from temporal punishment, which the Annals say was inflicted on him, with Aynza witnessing year MCXXX. Then at last entered the King penance for the injury done to Raymund, of which, through restitution to be made to Peter to be expiated, that the will was not ineffectual is gathered from this, that Ranimirus, brother of the same King Alfonsus, and successor of the same dying in year MCXXXIII, To Peter so restored is substituted the brother of the King. taken from the monastery of S. Pontius of Tormeria bore the title of Elected of Barbastro and Rota; certainly by no means empty, but by no means longer than his Monkhood. After this succeeding Gaufridus, of whom above, again was compelled to litigate: his successor however William to the Rotensian Episcopate for the Barbastrensian joined the Ilerdense: about this however the controversy seems to have ceased.

[25] Aynza furthermore judges, that then indeed the controversy ceased; but was revived under Innocent III; who sat from year MCXCVIII to MCCXVI: and this he thinks is clear from his Brief, which is inserted in the Decretal book 1 lit. 41 on restitution in integrum, and inscribed to the Bishop and Chapter of Osca, thus begins: Both from the letters of Pope Cælestinus our predecessor, and from those things which in their times were done, the grave question of the Ilerdense church we have understood, through the sentence of Pope Eugenius, over certain churches brought forth, gravely complaining itself injured, both formerly and now also complaining. But how shall anyone prove to me those rights, by which, notwithstanding the definitive sentence of Eugenius, the Pontiff declares with the parties present can be treated, the cause of restitution in integrum; to have proceeded from the head of the Rotensian Church, that there could have been a question about Barbastro; and not rather from the head of the Ilerdense church itself, as much as the Rotensian was older, which under Eugenius III restored in integrum, had of necessity certain other rights against the Oscan to vindicate before the Pontiff; and before Eugenius fell the cause by some other, which to be reviewed by Innocent he asked and obtained? Let us hold therefore, until more is proved, the contention about Barbastro more quickly to have rested: nor beyond year MCXLIX to have been protracted: and as the Rotensian House or monastery remained to the Ilerdense church, so Barbastro remained to the Oscan.

B. ALOYSIUS GONZAGA

OF THE SOCIETY OF JESUS AT ROME.

Aloysius Gonzaga, of the Society of Jesus, at Rome (B.)

He ought to have had a place here. But who undertook to collect and illustrate his Acts Conrad Janning, in the middle of the work was called to Rome for the common cause, to be sustained for the honor of God and the Saints before the Apostolic See, which deigned to undertake its cognition; could not so quickly thence be expedited that he could absolve the begun things before this day was demanded for the press. We are therefore compelled to transmit the whole matter to the end of this Tome, where all things will be found, in another if any edition is made, to be drawn back here.

Supplements: Acta Sanctorum: Appendix June IV

June IV: 22. June