Vivaldus

ON BLESSED VIVALDUS

HERMIT OF THE THIRD ORDER OF ST. FRANCIS AT MONTAIONE IN ETRURIA.

AFTER THE YEAR 1300.

Vivaldus, of the third Order of St. Francis, of Montaione in Etruria (B.)

BY THE AUTHOR D. P.

[1] Montaione, a town in Etruria not ignoble, almost 30 miles distant from Florence toward the east-southeast across the river Elsa, but holding a middle place between the castle of San Miniato and the town of San Gimignano of the diocese of Volterra; The Patron of the place, rejoices in the patronage of B. Vivaldus (some call him Ubaldus) venerating his sacred body under the high altar of the parochial church: and at the distance of half a mile having his hermitage, which at length passed to the Friars Minor Observant, together with the Jaw of the Blessed one himself, as below it will be more fully narrated. His death or at least deposition fell on the first day of this month, he is venerated on the 1st of May, and by that name an Indulgence of seven years Leo X granted to those visiting on such a day the chapels arranged there according to the mysteries of the Passion; and Arthur du Monstier inserted the same on this day in the Franciscan Martyrology in these words: At Montaione in Etruria B. Ubaldus, Tertiary Confessor, a man of wondrous penance and sanctity.

[2] The same in the Annotations says, that he died in the year 1301; following no doubt in this Wadding, who in the year 1300 (when on the 13th of December died B. Bartolus of San Gimignano, dead after the year 1300 to whom in his last moments Vivaldus ministered before he withdrew to solitude) making mention of him too in num. 11, says that some months after the departure of Bartolus this his disciple died. But nowhere I think have I read this; and much more likely I believe it to be, that some years were passed by Vivaldus in solitary life. The year certainly none of the earlier writers' monuments which I have seen express: and Silvano Razzi, among the Lives of the Etruscan Saints and Blessed, relating that, which we shall soon give from its proper source; in marking the year, which nowhere he found, left an empty space: with whom also we prefer to confess ignorance of an uncertain matter. But before we come to the Life praised by Razzi, the words of Marianus of Florence are to be proposed, who brought forth the Fasciculus of the Chronicles of the Order in five books even to the year 1486. These at the end of book 3 are found, to be added to chapter 15, §. 27, containing a more ancient epitome of the life and benignly communicated by the Reverend Father Francis Harold, the most worthy successor of the Reverend Father Luke Wadding in writing the history of the Order. They are moreover these.

[3] a compendium of the Life from Marianus: After the departure of the most holy Bartholinus, a certain disciple and companion of his, a native of the same land, by name Vivaldus, who by his example and words had renounced the world, and the habit of the third Order of Blessed Francis, like him, had put on; in the Round-Wood near Camporena he chose a place for himself, at the eighth mile from the land of Gimignano: where he made himself a cell in the hollow of a chestnut, and the rest of the time of his life for the love of Christ in a strait and austere life, watching and praying, even to the end of his life he passed. Who at length called to the starry places, to receive the reward of his labors, on the first of May migrated to the Lord. At whose death the bells of the Castle of Montaione by themselves, no mortal drawing them, rang. Wherefore all not undeservedly astonished, there came a certain one of the same Castle relating, how being engaged in hunting, the barking dogs surrounded the chestnut of the Hermit: from whose excessive barking coming to the place, he found Friar Vivaldus with knees bent in the chestnut dead. Which being said the bells ceased from ringing. Then all the people running to the place, taking that corpse, in the church of the castle honorably handed it to burial. And in the place of his death by the devotion of the peoples the chestnut being uprooted, they constituted a small church in honor of B. Mary: where even to the present day by the merits of B. Vivaldus God grants to many the benefit of health.

[4] The same Razzi professes, that he followed the Life, which he found in a MS. book of the Reverend Sisters of the Monastery of St. Ursula of Florence; it being sought at Pisa and Florence, whose author alleges the Legend of the Saint himself, kept in the convent of the Carmelite Fathers at Pisa, which indeed he himself had not seen, but learned to be there from the mouth of Friar Andrew of Florence, a man more than a centenarian and blind, who remembered that he had read it, and as much as he recollected of it narrated. This indication being had, for the desire innate of reaching the first source, I had recourse to the prompt effort in such cases of the most Illustrious and most Erudite man Antonio Magliabechi; and asked, first that at Pisa he should cause the aforesaid Legend to be sought (for that at Montaione indeed it had also been, but had perished by fire, I had read) then that from the Monastery of St. Ursula he should take care to have described that which Razzi had had. At Pisa either found or obtained was nothing: if hereafter anything be brought, it, as it ought, to be proposed in the first place, will be represented at least in the Supplement. With the nuns of St. Ursula, who under the governance of the Friars Minor live, there inquired a man of great authority with them, for the merit of his singular virtue, the Reverend Father Seraphinus Tinghi, in the Observant Order a jubilate Lector.

[5] He the book, which with them was no longer found, having scrutinized everywhere, at length learned to be in the small convent of his Order of Jacherinum (Gonzaga calls it Cechrinum in the Province of Tuscany Convent 8) near Pistoia: it being found near Pistoia, whence a copy soon he obtained, from the faithful hand of the Reverend Father Francis Maria Novelli of Castel-Franco, his cousin. But that that book was the very one, which had been of the Sisters of St. Ursula, was established from a signature: but inscribed on the outside is the title, Lives of the Franciscan Saints and Blessed, of whom also to us a little index is promised. The author's name by the same chance was withdrawn from the eyes, by which the first several leaves of the book were taken away: but the author it was not difficult from elsewhere to know, Dionysius Polinari (or Apollinari) of Florence, who flourished at the beginning of the past century, and in the year 1525 was writing a Chronicle of the Minor Observants of the Province of Tuscany, described by Dionysius Polinari an Observant. kept at Florence in the Monastery of All Saints. For he in part 2 fol. 178 describing the Monastery of St. Ursula, and praising the life of Sister Benedicta de Bettinis, of himself and her in this manner speaks.

[6] This pious woman had the greatest desire of obtaining books, a translator into Italian of very many books, which should contain things regarding the Order, in that language which she herself could understand: and therefore me who write these things she induced, that from Latin into the vulgar I should convert the book of Conformities of Master Bartholomew of Pisa, also the life of B. Mary the Virgin written by the same Bartholomew, likewise Landulf on the life of Christ then not yet translated or vulgarly printed. These books therefore I wrote for her and so many others, that although they are scarcely the hundredth part of my writings, I myself am astonished seeing them (which I can with all truth assert) nor could I comprehend, by what reason I wrote them all, as many as are kept in my own cupboard. Thus far concerning himself Dionysius in Italian words, which if they had been indicated to Luke Wadding, collecting the Writers of the Order of Minors, and the author of the Chronicle of the Province of Tuscany. he could have praised Dionysius de Polinari (as he himself calls him) whom he simply says wrote the Chronicles of the Province of Tuscany, more prolixly and more distinctly: especially other places being collected from the same Chronicle, where the author speaks of himself: to whom as to the multitude of his writings attesting Seraphinus aforepraised, says, True things this Father narrates, because I saw all those books in folio manuscript, on occasion of inquiring the Life of St. Vivaldus. But this, although among them it no longer appears described, yet is from a book, which the more certainly it is known once to have been among those, the more firmly it can be believed to be by the same author.

LIFE

By the Author Dionysius Polinari of Florence.

from his Italian autograph, once kept with the Sisters of St. Ursula of Florence, now with the Observants of Jacherinum near Pistoia.

Vivaldus, of the third Order of St. Francis, of Montaione in Etruria (B.)

BY DION. POLINARI FROM MS.

[1] B. Vivaldus was of the castle of San Gimignano, a pious and devout man and in the charity of true friendship joined to B. Bartolus, a familiar of B. Bartolus, whose disciple and servant he made himself, in that his horrible a infirmity. Persuaded by his salutary exhortations Vivaldus, despised all earthly things, and the habit of the third Order being taken, which also he wore, so far joined himself to God, that after the happy passage of his master, bidding farewell to his country and all his kindred, he chose for himself a place to dwell in a certain valley, a solitary he lives in a hollow chestnut; in the midst of a dense and dark wood, near Camporena, whose name is the Round-Wood b, about eight miles distant from San Gimignano: where, all the time he survived, he persevered for the love of Jesus Christ in great abstinence of all things, only to fastings, vigils and prayers being free, and having a cell in the hollow of a certain very old chestnut, which scarcely could hold him kneeling.

[2] But when there came the time, in which the eternal God willed to remunerate his labors, he assumed him to the supernal choirs, on the first day of May: and willing that to the world should be manifested the lamp, which had been hitherto hidden under the chestnut; and him whom to heavenly glory he had raised, desiring also to be venerated by men on earth; at that very hour, in which the Saint is believed to have rendered his soul to the Creator, he caused by the hands of Angels to be rung the bells of the castle, and on the 1st of May he dies, the bells being rung at Montaione, of the said Montaione. At so manifest a miracle the whole people was astonished: and they doubting what by it God wished to be indicated, there came an inhabitant of the same town, who narrated, that he having gone out to hunt, the dogs which he was leading ran to a certain chestnut, and by continual barking indicated something wonderful there to lie hidden; to whose inspection running, he saw within it kneeling and dead the hermit. by the indication of a hunter carried to the church, After this indication the prodigious sound of the bells ceased: and all commonly going out to the place, took the holy body, and into the church of their town brought it and buried it; where even now within the high altar are preserved c his bones. But the fame of the new sanctity being spread in every direction, where even now he rests. and by the accession of miracles aggravated, moved the peoples that for the sake of devotion to that chestnut of the Blessed one they should run to see it. And because there to those praying many graces were granted, it indeed cut to pieces little by little vanished; but in its place a small shrine was erected sacred to the Mother of God; where then Hermits of the third Order even to our age dwelt.

[3] These things which I have written, I received all from Friar Andrew

of Florence of the Order of Carmelites, His Legend was once written and kept at Pisa, a man of laudable life and great devotion; who from his long age of about a hundred years had lost all use of his eyes, and said often that in the convent of his Order at Pisa he had read the Legend of that Blessed one, and from it had learned, how wondrous he was in his life, and with how many miracles after death he shone; but only those things which I have narrated to retain by memory. There is seen moreover the image of the same blessed man, and his image at Florence with the Carmelites. anciently painted in the habit of the third Franciscan Order, within the church of the Carmelites of Florence: and the people of Montaione assert also that with them the aforesaid Legend existed, but together with many writings of their Community was burned. There can moreover among the arguments of sanctity be referred also that wondrous manner, by which afterward at his hermitage there arose a convent of Friars Observant d and a church in honor of the Blessed one himself: who is always ready to succor all invoking his help. I of his many miracles will relate only two, certainly known to me.

[4] When upon John of Foligno, a citizen of Pisa, dwelling in the town of Cigoli certain of his enemies had leaped, and had afflicted him with many wounds, mortally wounded by enemies. and one among the rest mortal in the head, which they had cut even to the brain; and therefore after some days the physicians despaired of his life, and that very night he was believed about to expire; his wife, who was called Mona Tomasa, full of great sadness, because he had now even ceased to speak, cast herself on her knees at the side of the bed, and with God grievously began to complain, that he had permitted by her own carnal brother to be slain the first husband to whom as a girl she had been married, the second to be extinguished in prison, but now this third to perish by so miserable a death. But saying these things and poured out in laments, with all the affection of her mind she turned herself to St. Francis and St. Vivaldus, praying that for her husband they would obtain life from God. Wondrous thing! At that moment the woman lulled to sleep, where she was kneeling, and now about to expire, saw in sleep St. Francis stigmatized, and St. Vivaldus the Hermit girded with a cord, in that manner in which the Tertiaries are wont: who both kneeling before Jesus Christ, sitting upon a most beautiful throne, and surrounded with troops of Angels, asked the life of the aforesaid John at the instance of his grieving wife. Which easily obtained, on his feet rose St. Vivaldus, he being invoked and appearing he is healed. to whom she had more affectionately commended her husband; and approaching her, he seemed to awaken her and to say, Be glad, because for your husband we have obtained life. At these words awakened she all cheerful, heard the voice of her husband calling her: to whom she answered, that he should rise. But he, I seem, he said, to myself to be sound, because in a moment I am wholly relieved, nor do I feel any pain of the wounds. In the early morning the physicians come, thinking that they would find him dead; and with the greatest admiration the wounds being inspected, they see them very well disposed and clean, and the flesh begun to be restored. And so within a few days fully restored to health, from the town of Cigoli he came with his wife to St. Vivaldus, to render thanks for the benefit: where both having confessed to me their sins, first Mona Tomasa narrated the vision of SS. Francis and Vivaldus presented to her: then John her husband himself affirmed his miraculous healing, by the exhibition of the scar in his head, and of the cap cut by the striker.

[5] A certain Priest of Volterra, called Gabriel e Narducci, when he was at Cairo of Babylon Chaplain of the Genoese nation, and vehemently there and generally pestilence raged and extinguished many; he himself sick, another recovers from the pestilence of Cairo in Egypt. and having no hope of human help, turned himself with ardent prayer to invoking the aid of St. Vivaldus, and vowed to his hermitage for the adornment of the church to send two tapestries: and immediately he began to recover, and within a few days restored to full health, from Cairo even to the said place he sent those tapestries, with certain other things to serve for adorning the church, and letters affirming the grace done to him. And these two miracles happened in the year one thousand five hundred fifteen. But many other benefits and graces daily that Saint grants to those devoutly invoking him, to the praise of God and of the poor little Francis. Amen.

ANNOTATIONS.

e Razzi, Nalducci.

APPENDIX.

Concerning the church and convent of B. Vivaldus.

Vivaldus, of the third Order of St. Francis, of Montaione in Etruria (B.)

BY DION. POLINARI FROM MS.

[6] Dionysius Polinari aforepraised, in his Chronicle of the Province of Tuscany MS. fol. 328 sets forth those things which concerning the foundation of the said church and convent has Friar Marianus, who wholly intent on collecting, from the Chronicle of Dionysius Polinari it is had, especially within the borders of Italy, the monuments of his Order, deduced the history from the beginnings of the Religion even to his own times, in a rude style indeed, but with faithful narration in five books, whose title is, Fasciculus of the Chronicles of the Order of Minors, and whose autograph was once with Wadding, now is with his successors. Then the same Dionysius supplying those things which partly preceded the foundation and were not noted by Marianus, partly followed his death, in this manner proceeds. The place of St. Vivaldus was called once St. Mary of Caporena (elsewhere written Camporena) of the diocese of Volterra: that there before there was a church of St. Mary of Caporena, and the Friars of the holy Cross held it for many years, with all the possessions buildings and rights pertaining to it, concerning which there is extant a Bull of Urban III (and so before the year 1187, before the Order of Minors was instituted, so that these Friars of the holy Cross ought to be understood some secular Confraternity under that title instituted at Volterra) But they the aforesaid place with the goods regarding it relinquished in the year 1280 to the Bishop of Volterra, (Raynerius Ubertinus was this one) as goods of the Church: who the place and goods leased to a certain Lord Chiusa, parish-priest of the parish of Arviano in perpetuity.

[7] This narration, supported by public instruments, with which conformably proceed others soon to be indicated, where the said church of St. Mary is called the church of St. Vivaldus, with the annexed lands and rights, concerning his familiarity with B. Bartolus, and the death he met after him, (as is narrated in the life) might render the reader doubtful; unless mention were made of the possessions and rights, which sufficiently indicate that it is treated not of the church, which after the death of St. Vivaldus, in that place where his chestnut had stood, was built; but of that very one which formerly was there, when in its vicinity Vivaldus chose a habitation for himself, and which in the succession of times desolate and destroyed survived in name only, by reason of the lands and rights depending on it; but in the year 1440 was restored, either in its former place or rather at the cave, which near the place of the cut chestnut, for it had retained the name of St. Vivaldus, and perhaps had first invited a hermit to dwell there by its convenience and ancient celebrity, for which it seemed congruous that a little oratory be built.

[8] For in the year 1320 the Bishop of Volterra, Raynerius de Belfortis, which in the year 1320 leased by the Bishop of Volterra, leased the same goods, and thence even to the year 1440 the same claimed for themselves the people of Montaione and certain Florentine citizens possessed and disposed of them, until the oratory which survived in the year 1350, with its rights such as they now were, he leased to a certain man of San Miniato, whose name was Tedaldus Civione for 29 years; which being elapsed, the people of San Miniato subjected themselves to the rule of the Florentines. But against these because Tedaldus had rebelled, who still possessed the church of St. Vivaldus with its rights, the Captains of the Guelf party claimed it for themselves, they passed to the Guelfs, and over the principal door of the church placed their insignia, which there remained until the year 1500; when the inhabitants of the Florentine Castle removed them, theirs being placed in their stead: but these the year 27 after, were cast down by the Guelfs, restoring theirs, as they are still seen. Meanwhile the Syndics of Montaione and Fondi attesting it was judged in the year 1369 and 89, and again 1406 that the goods of that church pertained to the right of the people of San Miniato.

[9] Further in the year 1440 the people of Montaione restored the church of St. Vivaldus; and to it and its goods pretending for themselves the right of patronage (which yet in the sixth year after by the Captains of the Guelf party was adjudged to the people of San Miniato) leased it to a certain hermit; the oratory afterward restored by the people of Montaione in the year 1440. to whom also in the year 1458 they assigned so much land around the same church, as a bow can shoot an arrow. Then a suit arose over the same goods between the communities of the Florentine Castle and of San Miniato in the year 1467, it is leased to a hermit under an annual census. and their half part was adjudged to each party, because they were not known to be the church's; for which the people of Montaione standing from a pretended right before, between these and the inhabitants of the Florentine Castle by compromise the suit was decided. Meanwhile he who possessed the place by the grant of the people of Montaione a hermit, even from the year 1440, was obliged to an annual census to be paid to the Bishop of Volterra: which he did, until 1477: for thence, the Communities usurping Episcopal censuses of this kind, to the same the hermit was compelled to pay: and in that state the matter remained, until the people of Montaione in the year 1498 decreed to offer the church and hermitage to the Friars of the observance of St. Francis.

[10] How this was done, rather than from the Italian of Dionysius I should render it in Latin, I preferred to exhibit in the original phrase of Marianus himself, to be sought from Harold the successor of Wadding. But Harold answered, that the Fasciculus of Chronicles which is with him does not extend beyond the year 1486, and so from it is not to be hoped for notice of the possession, entered only in the year 1499; yet he transcribed the words of Marianus proposed at the beginning. Either therefore another copy, further produced, Dionysius had; or of another

hand he believed the Appendix to be Marianus's: which since it is not found in Latin, this too here receive from the Italian, as it under the name of Marianus Dionysius has:

[11] In the year 1499 was celebrated the Provincial Chapter at Poggibonsi, and in the year 1499 it is accepted by the Observants: by Friar Bernardinus de Vecchio, of Siena, Commissary of the Province; and its Vicar was again elected Friar John the Teuton: and by the Chapter was accepted the forty-second place, namely the place of St. Vivaldus in the Round-Wood, near the town of Montaione. Of which place, immediately after the finished Chapter, the Friars entered possession processionally on the feast of SS. Philip and James. The year turning, on the same festivity, the Community of the Florentine Castle, in whose territory the place is, sent thither three men, who in the name of the Community exhibiting the right of Patronage in the same place, stipulated with Friar Cherubinus Conzi of Florence, who had accepted the place; and by a legitimate contract assigned to the same from that wood so much space round about, as for the Friars for necessary woodcutting was abundantly enough; on this law, that in acknowledgment of the Patronage, the Friars should be obliged to set forth in their church the images of SS. Laurence, Leonard and Verdiana, Patrons of that Community. Afterward, on a like day, the Community of Montaione, with a solemn procession carried thither some Relics of St. Vivaldus; promising all the other parts of the holy body then to be given, when the building of the place should be completed.

[12] who having obtained the hermitage of St. Vivaldus, In this hermitage long dwelt in strait penance a certain man of San Gimignano, Vivaldus by name, disciple and servant of B. Bartolus likewise of San Gimignano in his atrocious infirmity. He after the death of him, his country being left, under the same habit and rule, that is of the Tertiaries of St. Francis, what remained of his life he passed in the aforesaid wood, for the love of Jesus Christ, with the glory of miracles. The fame moreover of so great sanctity through that region divulged, the peoples running together from everywhere always held his hermitage in veneration, even to these our times devoutly and frequently visiting it. But hitherto in it had dwelt Hermits of the third Order: but now by the care of Friar Cherubinus the place was accepted, and from the foundations built, in honor of the Assumption of our Lady and of our blessed Father St. Francis, not without the admiration of all, ascribing the matter to a miracle, they build a church and convent from the foundations, because all necessaries there were lacking except wood: nor were impediments lacking on the part of the Vicar both General and Provincial: and lacking were both stones and sand fit for building.

[13] Yet God so willing, the building was forthwith promoted, and within thirteen years finished, the Florentine Friars helping most willingly, aided by the wondrous alacrity of the faithful. and from Florence sending whatever they could. Very much moreover the devotion of the peoples themselves contributed thereto: for Friar Cherubinus preaching on the greater solemnities, there are believed to have run together three thousand men: who all from greatest to least, the preaching finished, accompanied the sacred orator, to the river which is called Evola, distant one mile; where each took one or another stone or wood, and carried it to the place, not even the nobles and officials themselves esteeming this service unworthy of their rank. For it happened sometimes that there were present there the Lord Vicars of the towns of Certaldo and San Miniato al Tedesco, likewise the Lord Podestàs of the towns of San Gimignano, Florentine Castle, Peccioli and Palaia, with many citizens and a frequent crowd; and all together to go to the river to seek stones. Whence a custom arose there, that whoever comes to the place, believes it nefarious to come without a stone there to be offered; which to the present day is observed. After Friar Cherubinus the holy Friar Thomas of Florence loved this place, and much labor there he drained out, and in the wood built most devout chapels and oratories, after the likeness of the sacred places of the holy city Jerusalem, where are seen all the mysteries of the Lord's Passion.

[14] Thus far, as is set forth, Marianus, without any mention of those contentions, which before concerning the place and its rights were; and which its new inhabitants, even after they had built the new church and convent with their own hands and labors, as we have now seen, long exercised. To set them forth proceeds Dionysius, in whom first Pope Clement VII, which Clement 7 confirms to them, in the year 1525 by an express Brief confirmed to the Friars the possession of the aforesaid church and its rights, constituting in his place their procurators and defenders the Lord Captains of the Guelf party: then in the 10th year of his Pontificate of Christ 1533 on the 22nd day of October, after many suits and controversies or testimonies heard thereupon, the Commissaries and Judges deputed by him, Lord John Stati Apostolic Protonotary, and Lord Philip Maneli Canon and citizen of Florence, gave a determinatory sentence of all the suits and controversies, [and the controversies with the Florentine Castle through Commissaries he settles.] which had been agitated between the Friars and the Community of the Florentine Castle, in this manner, that the Guardian and Friars of the Convent of St. Vivaldus should have the convent and garden, with all that which within the wider wall is contained, and outside it round about a space of three hundred arms of Florentine measure, yet without prejudice of a third party, who perhaps could prove his stronger rights in that place: but the rest of the part of that wood, the right of a third party likewise being safe, should remain to the aforesaid Community: yet so that it be lawful for the Guardian and Friars of St. Vivaldus, and their workmen and servants, under conditions advantageous to the Convent. from whatever place to dig and carry off sand and stones, even from the rest of the part of the wood assigned to the said Community, the consent of none thereupon being required, as much as is needful to them for buildings greater or lesser, within the church, convent, garden, and the whole circle of three hundred arms, to be restored or newly to be constructed. Then moreover in the year 1537 by the Guelf party and the said Community there was sent thither a measurer of limits, who should measure and mark the space of three hundred arms.

[15] In that convent of St. Vivaldus there are Indulgences, granted by Pope Leo X, Leo X adds Indulgences to those who at the single chapels one Pater-noster and Ave Maria recited on the Nativity of the Lord and the following two days, likewise at Pentecost and the two days likewise following, on the first of May the Feast of St. Vivaldus, on Good Friday, on the Feast of St. Francis, and all the festivities of the Holy Virgin: on which single days is granted an Indulgence of seven years. There are had there some, but small Relics. Among which conspicuous is the jaw of St. Vivaldus, There is had there the jaw of St. Vivaldus, whose remaining body at Montaione remained in the Parochial church, the people of Montaione not keeping the faith given to the Friars, of handing it over, as soon as the building of the place should be completed: for now for twenty and more years it has been completed, and yet the body is not had, nor probably will ever be had. Thus Dionysius, by these very words signifying, that he wrote these things about the year 1545. He adds then on the wall of the church this title written in Italian. In the year 1500, on the first day of May, was consigned to the poor Friars of St. Francis the cave or grotto or cavern of St. Vivaldus: with the title of the Foundation, and by the help of God, the sweat of the poor Friars, and the devotion of the peoples, miraculously from a small hermitage was built this so devout oratory, for praising God and praying for the peoples. This was the change of the right hand of the lofty and great God, to whom be honor and glory and to B. Vivaldus. Amen.