Juvenal

ON SAINT JUVENAL

BISHOP OF NARNI IN UMBRIA

A.D. CCCLXXVI.

Juvenal, Bishop of Narni, in Umbria (St.)

BY THE AUTHOR D. P.

Narni, ancient city of Umbria, with exceptional veneration cultivates on this III day of May S. Juvenal, its first Bishop, who is believed to have been ordained by S. Damasus the Pope, in the year of Christ CCCLXIX, but after seven years, Time of his See. in which he presided over this See, to have rendered up his sacred spirit to God in the year CCCLXXVI. He was succeeded in the Episcopate by Maximus, or Maximianus, by whose command his life and acts were published, Acts are given from MSS: is read at the end of them; which as they are now held, we judge little sincere and variously interpolated, yet we give from many and illustrious MS. codices, namely from the Vallicellan of the Fathers of the Congregation of the Oratory, as they are in the book of Antonio Galloni signed with letter N; from another, found at Foligno with Lodovico Iacobilli, and as far as we judge described according to the faith of the Narnian codex; and from a third Passional in parchment of the month of May, preserved in the Bödeken monastery of Canons Regular of S. Augustine in the diocese of Westphalian Paderborn, whence many Lives our John Gamans transcribed for us. A fourth exemplar also, and the best of all, was sent to us from Ingolstadt from an ancient MS. of the Wiblingen monastery of the Benedictine Order in Swabia. The same acts we had from a Vatican MS., but lent to a friend we did not receive back: and Antonio Beatillo indicated to us that they exist also at Naples. A compendium of the same Acts we preserve from the Utrecht MS. of S. Saviour: their compendia, another Peter de Natalibus published in book 4 of his Catalogue chapter 119: others finally exist in Laurentius Surius, Ferdinand Ughelli volume 1 of Italia Sacra in the Bishops of Narni, and Philip Ferrari in the Catalogue of Saints of Italy. But because S. Juvenal died on August VII, also on this day his feast is now kept at Narni with the Octave, which Ferrari does not rightly assert is the feast of the Translation. We judge May III to be the day of his Ordination, which Bishops will call their Birthday.

[2] It is controverted by what kind of death S. Juvenal departed from life, As Confessor he is said to have rested in peace: hence whether he is to be honored with the Ecclesiastical Office of Confessor, or rather to be reckoned among the Martyrs. The Acts in all the memorialized MSS. thus declare his death: With seven years completed, he returned his sacred (in some "consecrated") spirit to the Lord: which same things are read in Peter de Natalibus. In Surius these are held: After seven years passed in the Episcopate, he returned the spirit to the Lord. The ancient Mass canticle, which is called the Sequence, thus indicates the death: At length after his passing, to Christ now he returns the spirit, rejoicing in the heavenly. The same sense is found in all the Martyrologies. The words of Usuard in all the MSS. and printed exemplars on this III May are: On the same day of S. Juvenal Bishop and Confessor. So also Ado: On the same day the birthday of S. Juvenal Bishop and Confessor, and everywhere the more recent follow. The Roman Martyrology has thus: At Narni of S. Juvenal Bishop and Confessor. Which are confirmed in the Roman Breviary in these words: On the same day falls the blessed death of Saint Juvenal, Bishop of Narni: who when he had begotten in that same city very many to Christ by sanctity and doctrine; illustrious in miracles he rested in peace; and there was honorably buried. In the Milanese Missal of the year MDXXII and the Breviary of the year MDXXXIX is transferred to the day VII May the feast (as is noted) of S. Juvenal Bishop and Confessor: on which day also he is venerated in the Church of Terni, where S. Proculus the second of his name a church on the hill, under his invocation, in the territory of Terni built; as before S. Juvenal in honor of S. Valentine Bishop of Terni had built an oratory at Narni; and various churches dedicated to him, indeed S. Juvenal himself is believed to have at the same time governed the neighboring church of Terni. In the same way besides the Church erected to S. Juvenal by his successor at Narni, others were dedicated to him by neighbors, namely Magliani or Malliani in the Sabines, of which place the Bishops are called Sabini, and is the title of one of the six older Cardinals: but the said place is at the Tiber below Narni, distant X M. P. thence, and XX M. P. from the Roman city. Others to the same S. Juvenal are dedicated at Valerianus and Cisefuna in the diocese of Castro, neighboring Narni. Furthermore, by the testimony of Anastasius the Librarian in the Acts of Pope Vigilius, Belisarius the Patrician made on the Via Flaminia, near the city of Orte, the monastery of S. Juvenal, where he bestowed many possessions and gifts. But Orte or Hortanum is on a hill, opposite the river Nera flowing into the Tiber, distant VIII M. P. from Narni. Finally, with Cyprian Manente in his history attesting, around the year MIV among the people of Orvieto in the village of Ulmus a notable parish was built to the same S. Juvenal, and by the families Monaldesca, Ranaldina, Montanaria, Contana, Salvana, Rossa, and Marsciana congruently endowed.

[3] All these things show the ancient cult of S. Juvenal, nor do they offer any objection, that he should be held among the Confessors. But afterwards he was placed among the Martyrs by reason of the authority of the Supreme Pontiff S. Gregory the Great, asserting in book 4 of the Dialogues chapter 12 that to S. Probus, Bishop of Rieti, by S. Gregory he is called Martyr. dying SS. Juvenal and Eleutherius the Martyrs appeared: S. Probus is venerated on March XV, where with others we suggested that S. Juvenal seems to be this Bishop of Narni, because Rieti is only XX M. P. distant from Narni about, and S. Eleutherius is Bishop of Aecae in Apulia, whose and S. Antia's sacred bodies were translated to the Reatine city by Probus himself, has seemed to us sufficiently probable on their birthday April XVIII number 28. But S. Gregory speaks much more clearly in Homily XXXVII on the Gospels, where about S. Cassius Bishop of Narni (whose feast is celebrated on June XXIX) he interposes many things, and among others writes, that Cassius according to custom, near the tomb of B. Juvenal the Martyr, standing to offer sacrifice, was found by a Presbyter. By reason of the authority of this Pontiff the Narnians began afterwards to call and venerate S. Juvenal as Martyr: and the Narnians followed in the title of the Life. and first to the Acts of S. Juvenal they affixed this title, Passion of S. Juvenal Martyr, and so it is also prefixed in the MS. transcript of Lodovico Iacobilli. But he was not sufficiently mindful of himself, who had prefixed this title, leaving these words at the end, Here ends the Life of S. Juvenal Bishop. But other transcripts of these Acts have remained unchanged, and so in the Vallicellan MS. is here prefixed this title: Life and acts of S. Juvenal Bishop. So also the Wiblingen MS.: Life and acts of S. Juvenal Bishop. The Bödeken MS.: Begins the Life of S. Juvenal Bishop. In the volumes of Surius: Shorter Life of S. Juvenal Bishop of Narni and Confessor. Furthermore the Ecclesiastical Office is changed at Narni, and Antiphons and Responsories began to be recited about a Martyr Bishop. Indeed even the Introit of the Mass was assumed, Protexisti me Deus, in the Ecclesiastical Office and Prayers, etc., from the Common of one Martyr Bishop in Paschal time, and these Prayers are recited: Hear we beseech, Lord, our prayers, which we offer at the solemnity of S. Juvenal, your Martyr and Pontiff; that whom you have mercifully granted us as Patron on earth, we may merit to have as Intercessor in the heavens. The other is: Tasting the divine mysteries we beseech you, Lord, that as in the chalice of your Martyr Juvenal the divine libation grew, so we in your grace may always be able to grow. The third finally is this. Make us we beseech, Lord our God, by the intervention of your holy Martyr and Bishop Juvenal to taste celestial gifts, who himself satiated your people with the precious Blood of your son divinely. Meanwhile his Acts distributed in Lessons and customarily recited at Matins, have nothing about his martyrdom. Indeed even the Canticle or Sequence of the Mass, in his Martyrology. formed from the same Acts, is recited without any mention of martyrdom. Then the Martyrologies of the Narnian Church have these things: On the third day of May, of the Holy Martyrs Alexander, Eventius, Theodulus and Juvenal Bishop, or also in this manner: On the third day of May of the Holy Martyrs Alexander, Eventius, and Theodulus. On the same day of S. Juvenal Bishop and Martyr in the city of Narni. From a similar error Galesinius added Juvenal to others, and made him a Deacon. Among the older Martyrologies, collected by us, are the Augsburg of S. Udalric, and the Parisian sent by our Labbe: in these after Alexander, Eventius and Theodulus inscribed at Rome, is added Juvenal the Confessor. As above we have deduced from other Martyrologies.

[4] Whatever it may be and be objected; it is certain in the rest which concerning the translation of the body are reported by the Narnians, always

Juvenal is called Martyr. [The histories of translations and miracles are given in which he is held a Martyr.] Of these first is given by us the History of the translation to Lucca, and of the relation to Narni made in the IX century, from a Narnian MS.: where it is said that in this translation again he bore martyrdom. In the Miracle done in the year MCCXXXIII, it is most clearly asserted that a lame man through Juvenal the Martyr was healed where also the altar and the altar-table of the Martyr and the liquor of the Martyr is called. For confirmation of the same title is exhibited the Bull of Indulgences, granted by three Archbishops and twelve Bishops in the year MCCLXXXIII, and others given by the Supreme Pontiffs Nicholas IV, John XXI, others XXII held, Boniface IX, and Gregory XIII, transcripts of which the Most Illustrious D. Lodovico Bonetti Canon of Narni took care for us: in which is invoked B. Juvenal Bishop and Martyr, and Patron of the said place. The Narnian Church constructed in honor of B. Juvenal the Martyr. The Narnian Church, in which the Body of the precious Martyr is said to rest. To all these we subjoin the history of the elevation done in this XVII century, from authentic instruments of Paolo Bucciarelli Bishop of Narni and others, which we received at Rome in the year MDCLXI, by the procurement of R. P. Odo de Comitibus, taken from originals by public Notaries, and confirmed by subscription and seal of the Priors of the people of the City of Narni, in which he is held Martyr. We add finally what we ourselves observed in the Narnian Church in the year MDCLX with the design of the new Confession, which was then begun, now is held perfected, on account of the wonderful beauty of the work, for the sculpting of which the Most Illustrious Chapter liberally contributed the necessary expenses, where above the door, by which lies open the entrance into the Sanctuary, this title is read: To S. Juvenal Mart. Bishop of Narni, the first founder, the best parent of salvation and faith, and his Pastor, all Narni as suppliant places and dedicates a monument of grateful spirit. The year MDCLXXVII.

[5] From the aforesaid alteration of the titles of Confessor and Martyr was born another controversy, Hence some establish two SS. Juvenales Bishops of Narni. whether two Juvenales Bishops of Narni are to be established, of whom one was Confessor, the other Martyr. This was asserted by Giovanni Battista Braccheschi, in a treatise which he published in the year MDLXXXVI on the two Herculans Bishops of Perugia; Baronius, in Notes on May III and VII; Ughelli, volume I of Italia Sacra in the Bishops of Narni, and several others. We treated on the Kalends of March about S. Herculan Bishop of Perugia and Martyr, nor were we able to find any convincing reasons, for which we should establish two Herculans. We did the same on April XII in the Life of S. Zeno Bishop of Verona, who others asserted died as Confessor, others with S. Gregory was crowned with martyrdom: to which this controversy is plainly akin. All things considered, we judge with Ferrari, in the Annotation on this III May, that we may say: If two Juvenales had existed, some memory of them at Narni would exist. But I doubt whether Ferrari rightly judges him called Martyr, because, seized by worshippers of Bacchus, when he was being compelled to sacrifice and to eat sacrificed meats, a sword was thrust into his mouth; which he so held with his teeth, that the man who had thrust it, trying to extract it, cut his own throat. Ughelli judges that he was held a Martyr by posterity for this reason, that, as is said in the Translation of the body number 5, when his Mausoleum was broken there, blood flowed out, and irrigated the pavement of his hall, and that blood was collected by pious Clerics. The principal reason for establishing two Juvenales seems to be, that the other and greater controversy may be satisfied, and they believe one or the other body is at Fossano. in which it is disputed whether the body of S. Juvenal Bishop of Narni was translated to Fossano, a city of Piedmont now Episcopal; which the Narnians deny, and the people of Fossano assert. But if there were two Juvenales Bishops of Narni, some think a way must be found of reconciling both provided one or the other party should be content with the second Juvenal. We prefer to make a special treatise about the Fossano Juvenal, in which all the monuments of the Fossano people having been brought forth, just as here all are brought forth that could be had on the part of the Narnians, we hope that all the windings of the whole controversy will of themselves unwind and explain themselves.

LIFE

From many Codices MSS.

Juvenal, Bishop of Narni, in Umbria (St.)

BHL Number: 4614

FROM MSS.

[1] When throughout the diverse world the merciful and almighty God segregated his Saints, as is written, Heb. 7, 26 from sinners; and again to preach his glory dispersed them among unbelieving nations; was fulfilled what was said through the Prophet: Your lightnings shone forth on the world, and the voice of thunder in a wheel, that is into this world, which is rolled through its tracks, and many years are filled. Ps. 76, 19 And indeed they shall come from the East and West, and shall recline with Abraham, Isaac, Jacob in the kingdom of God: since some through passion, others through confession, others through kinds of tongues, others through prophecy, others through grace of healings, he established to be his witnesses. And to each province, to each region or city, he gave proper guardians to have. As to that, After the faith was promulgated through the world, which is the Mistress of nations and Princess of provinces, the city of Rome, he gave Peter and Paul Princes of the Apostles from the East, as workers of the first hour, into the vineyard of Italy, Tuscany, and Campania. In ^a Sebaste he gave John the Baptist; the two Jameses, Matthias and Stephen at Jerusalem; Andrew at Patras of the province of Achaia, John in Ephesus of the province of Asia, and ^b the rest of the Apostles and their disciples, sowers and ministers of the divine word, through individual cities and regions he sent as farmers, as has been said, into his vineyard: and some at the third, others at the sixth, others at the ninth, or the eleventh hour from the agreed denarius, that is the crown, he placed: that through their merits not only Italy, but the whole world might flourish: because all are about to receive two-edged swords in their hands, to make vengeance among the nations, rebukes among the peoples, that they may bind their Kings in fetters, and their nobles in iron manacles.

[2] When all almost cities had now come to the faith of Christ through the preaching of the Martyrs, and their illustrious miracles and doctrine resounded everywhere; the city of Narni alone received in no way the preaching grace of Christ, but so great was the cult of idols there, that no place could be found there empty: where they were not sacrificing in the temples to Jove, Janus, Hercules, Mars, Saturn, Venus, Minerva, Juno, Fortune, Neptune, Vulcan: or whatever idol is named there sprouted daily. destroyed and renewed Narni, But these inconveniences for the present we will silently set aside, and we will narrate the ancient deed, and we will not deny to those wishing to know the occasion of the perdition of the said city. While Augustus Caesar was once proceeding to the wars of the Persians, and from all cities was leading an army with him; only Narni, which before was called ^c Nequina and from ^d wickedness derived its name, refused to go. Who when he had seen himself thus despised, and a cause urged him to march, gave it to the people of ^e Carpi: who so long besieged it, until in it from man even to beast they would kill themselves with the sword, swearing thus that one who should remain would fall on his own sword, and not even one remained. The Carpi entering devastated all, and consumed the city by burning. But Caesar returning now victor with much spoil, having compassion on this city, ordered the middle part of the city to be restored, ^f and founded for it a bridge of wonderful magnitude in elevation, and within thirty years completed it; and marked it with his Carmen: Caesar Augustus from the spoils, Patron of the Narnians: and unless I am mistaken, no province has a bridge similar to this, as is said. He brought in to it an aqueduct from more than fifteen miles: of which silence must now be kept, what is its height, what its windings, how many bridges, in what lengths of the perforated mountain. There he dedicated a statue, which place itself in the middle of the forum is called Augustus: and from various cities gathered citizens he brought in: and a name imposed on it from the river ^g Nar, which from the nostrils sculpted as if of a stone calf comes forth, the Saints instruct his citizens in the faith is called Narni in Colonia, because all who come from another region and dwell with us, are called inhabitants of this soil, and therefore is called Narni in Colonia. Let us be silent now of what we have begun, because to the beginning of the first truth it is fitting to return. The city Narni itself was visited by many Saints, by ^h S. Terentian often, ⁱ by S. Felician very many times, who suffered many injuries there, so that he was thrown into prison; also by S. Valentine ^k incessantly: and yet as has been said, it received no word of salvation.

[3] But it happened, that S. Juvenal from Africa proceeded to Rome a Presbyter; after which S. Juvenal was ordained Bishop by craft a doctor: and when he had come to a certain Matron, by name Philadelphia, who was of the family of the Emperor; she made him enter into her house, who also was practicing the works of Christianity: and she learned that he was a holy man. And the man of God began to inquire of her, in what city there was then a Bishop. And when he had learned, that the city of Narni did not have a Bishop, he sent to it most prudent men who would explore if in it any faithful could be found. And when they had found noble men and women of the ^l Anician family, with counsel held he persuaded them, that they should petition that a Bishop be consecrated for them. Going together to the city of Rome they petitioned of ^m the Pontiff that he should give Juvenal to be ordained Bishop for them. Which when by God's favor was fulfilled; they came into their own City Narni with the consecrated Juvenal Bishop. Then S. Juvenal began with clear discourse to exhort the people, that they should be converted from idols, and be made worshippers of Christ. And with an oratory made there in honor of the holy Martyr Valentine the Bishop, who had already been a Martyr, there he was celebrating the most sacred mysteries, and was doing many wonders and many virtues. It happened on a certain day, unharmed by the sword by which the striker himself perished, while he was making his way to the above-named oratory, which he had established at the lower gate, in the region which is called Marcellinata, when he had come to a bronze bull, where the temple of Liber Pater was; immediately a sacrificer came out of the temple, and seized him, and was striving to put into his mouth from the idol-meat: and drew his sword, and put the ⁿ inverted hilt of the sword into his mouth: who with teeth clenched held it manfully. And while the sacrilegious assailant wished to draw the sword back to himself, he converts very many. with his hand he thrust it into his own throat: and with his throat cut he began to vomit bloody foam through his mouth, and to cry out: O avenger of Briareus, free me. And saying this he expired. The peoples seeing this admired

were astonished, and believed, and were baptized. At the same time, because Easter was near, men and women nearly two thousand, and a certain matron there by name Venantia ^o with her sons, sprung from a noble race and the first of the city, was baptized, who also ministered to him from her resources. But the dwelling of the holy man Juvenal was at the upper gate, in a tower attached to the wall, in the village which is called New: for also the bed, on which he himself slept, even now stands in that same tower.

[4] by his prayers he routs enemies besieging the city: It pleases also to disclose this miracle, which shone in his times. It happened after four hundred years of the perdition of the city of Nequina, that the same offspring of the Carpi, mixed with the Ligurians, all armed, from their regions had proceeded to devastate cities. Who when they had now invaded many regions, came down into a valley, which is between Narni and Terni, which is called Tyria suspecta, and were besieging the estates of both cities. And surrounding the city of Terni they took it, and from it led great booty, and also killed a multitude of the people. But besieging Narni, while still S. Juvenal was in the body, in the fifth year of his ordination, in the month Quintilis, which is now July, prayer being made with his faithful to the Lord, around the wall he sang such verses: May the way, Lord, of those be darkness and slipperiness, and your Angel pursue them: and let a snare which they know not come upon them; and the trap, which they have hidden, take them. Ps. 34, 6 And after the end of that Psalm, the holy man gave this prayer [p]: God, who reduce all nations to nothing; give to this city joy from their destruction; that they may believe that you are God alone, who reckon all nations as nothing, through Our Lord Jesus Christ your Son, who lives with you eternally, and with the Holy Spirit, in ages of ages. And when all had answered with tears, Amen; suddenly at midday the Lord thundered from heaven, and the Most High gave his voice: and sent his arrows and scattered them, multiplied lightnings, and confused them: and the fountains of waters appeared in dryness, and the foundations of the world were revealed, at the rebuke of the Lord's wrath. Ps. 17, 14 For truly these verses were fulfilled the same day. For so great were the thunders and gleaming lightnings and whirlwinds, that more than three thousand men with their arms, near the ancient wall, at the temple which is called Hercules', were submerged, and did not appear. And God was magnified in these works, and the city was freed.

[5] not without miracle he celebrates Mass. Then S. Juvenal with a fast proclaimed celebrated the most sacred mysteries. For he had a chalice made of crystal metal, which he had brought with him; small indeed, but illustrious in virtue: which while [q] so many thousands of people drank from it with their lips, was not refilled by the minister, but the holy libations grew in it. Then all turned in stupor of mind, glorified the Lord, who had deigned to show such things through his servant Juvenal the Bishop. For the Chalice itself even today stands by careful keeping; and on [r] the day of his Birthday is brought forth by a minister, adorned with little gold chains and gems, because also it has little handles. With seven years completed he gave back his sacred spirit to the Lord, and piously dies, and was buried at the upper gate [s] on the Via Flaminia, [t] at the fifty-fifth milestone from the city of Rome, on the [u] seventh day of the Ides of August. But [x] his Birthday is celebrated on the fifth of the Nones of May, on which day also the Cross of the Lord, with Helena mother of Emperor Constantine present, through Judas, who is called Cyriacus, on the place of Calvary, which is in Jerusalem, was found.

[6] But also that, dearest brothers, we do not pass by, with more than forty men announcing, that their ship by the prayers of the holy man, when now near to peril, was freed. For S. Juvenal himself reported that he was admonished in a vision, that he should pray for those navigating; Merchants by his merits escape shipwreck: which afterwards, the issue of the matter taught. With about three hundred men therefore navigating from the East, and contending toward the port with a ship laden with much wealth; while through tranquil seas they were sailing safely, suddenly at midday black night came on, winds rushed in, the storm with whirlwind sounded; the ship was sinking, so that they now believed no hope of life was kept for them, but every hope of their gain was failing in danger. Immediately an Angel of the Lord appeared to them in the figure of S. Juvenal, standing upon the water: who seeing him cried out saying: If you are a man of God, free us. Who extending his hands, prayed for them: and the ship came to the desired port of safety. Then they inquired of him, who he was: and he said to them: I am Juvenal Bishop of Narni. Give thanks to God, who has freed you: and if you wish to seek me, at the upper gate you will find me. And saying this, he departed from their eyes: who astonished much glorified the Lord. And their business completed, they sent, as has been said above, forty most prudent men with great gifts. And when the way was extended for two hundred miles to the port, in two days' journey they came to Narni. Who when they had entered the city, were inquiring where their liberator Juvenal was staying. And when they had learned, that he had now died, they wished to see his tomb. One of them, by name [y] Aerius, was suffering quartan ague: and his tomb being touched, and they ask a basilica to be built, immediately he vomited out the choleric poison, and departed healed. And gifts being given to his successor truly venerable [z] Maximus the Bishop who possessed his Chair forty years and three months, they asked that for him a basilica with confession should be constructed: and it was done.

[7] These hiding the sacred body in a hidden place; where from stones and gold and silver a constructed confession stands, Title of the tomb, and over his venerable body inscribed verses in this manner

A secret place is within and a holy retreat,

Which, while seeking the highest, Juvenal dedicated by his death:

Where it pleased him after his death to give his body to be buried,

Cutting in the rock by his hands: lest rain pollute it whence flows healing liquor.

On the Ides of August, with the Lord granting, having been buried.

But on the day of his Birthday the confession itself, both marbles and gold and silver, distills with so much sweat of water, that with little sponges wiping they store it in flasks; and mixed with holy oil it is carried to many sick, and with the Lord cooperating they are healed. But these acts by the command of the venerable Maximus the Bishop have been published, at the petition of those who sought both his life and acts.

[8] So far the Wiblingen MS., collated with the others: and the Vallicellan agreeing thus ends: at the petition of those who wished to know both his life and acts, by whom they were freed: and they returned with great joy, giving thanks to God through Jesus Christ, to whom is honor and rule, together with the Holy Spirit, in ages of ages. Amen. The rest in the subsequent Annotations we shall indicate; yet before we come to them, here I signify first that the words, some interpolations distinguished by final [] in brackets [] enclosed by us at the name of Bishop Maximus, were undoubtedly inserted after the death of Maximus himself. Secondly the same seems to be judged of nearly all of number 7, where it is said that the confession is constructed of gold and silver, which is not credible to have been done immediately at the very first beginning of the cult; and the Epitaph is recited, which it was sufficient to read inscribed on the tomb; and finally is indicated the annual distillation of healing water, Epitaph altered by posterity, the certain proof of which seems to suppose a longer interval of time. But that epitaph was either partly worn away when it was inscribed in this life; or by the fault of an older codex it happened, that the Wiblingen scribe could not express the whole verses: whose faith however we ought hence to estimate, that of his own he presumed to add nothing. Others on the contrary (and this third place comes to be noted) variously supplied the defect, as either by the success of time they found it done by the curators of the sacred tomb, or by private judgment they thought it would be better. For the Fossano MS. exhibits it much more enlarged; the Vallicellan MS., with the order of verses preserved, represents the meaning somewhat changed in such a way, that the day of deposition, which had been the sixth day from the day of death, it did not care to express; because by use it had prevailed that the Birthday should be held more festive than the other, just as while he was still living it was customary to be done: for that on this day, namely on which Juvenal had been ordained Bishop, was the Birthday not only of him, but also of the Narnian See itself. But by this reason S. Juvenal would have sat, beyond the seven years assigned in the Acts, three months, and four days; if he died on the VII Ides of August, was buried on the very Ides.

[9] in two ways. Posterity, as I said, renewing the Epitaph, preferred to propose somewhat differently to be read; for in the Vallicellan MS. it is found thus:

There is a place of secret and a holy retreat within,

Which Saint Juvenal, servant of Christ, loved,

Companion of the Saints, raised by his merits to the stars.

In a hollow rock it pleased to bury his limbs in the tomb.

Lest a polluted hand could touch the sacred.

In the Fossano MS. the same epitaph had more verses, in this manner and order:

You whoever read, venerate this tomb,

Which Saint Juvenal, servant of Christ, honors.

He himself was the first Bishop of Narni and its Father.

Whom Africa begot, this very man Narni possesses.

In a hollow rock it pleased to hide his limbs, the tomb,

Lest a polluted hand could touch the sacred.

Companion of the Saints elected by his merits, in this cave

Indeed placed, yet he himself watches over his beloved.

I (lest the reader be wearied in conjecturing) with no word or letter changed, and a few syllables added in another character, have tried to aid his labor, would that successfully enough!

ANNOTATA.

we are unwilling to scrutinize laboriously, whether these Carpi were external: Iacobillus places them in Germany at the Danube.

The Nar flows past the foot of this city situated on a mountain, called so by some, because by sulphurous odor it constricts the nostrils. Hence Virgil book 7 of the Aeneid memorialized:

Sulphurous Nar with white water, and the springs of Velinus.

because the Nar flowing from the Amiternine mountains through Lake Velinus, thence through Terni and the foot of Narni, between Otricoli and Orte, is borne into the Tiber.

[p] The same has different prayers, recited by him holding the cross in his hand on the walls of the city. The same and certain others besides has the aforesaid author of the Summary.

[q] The same has three thousand, as also the author of the Summary.

[r] The same hands down that the chalice is shown with other relics on the feast of the Ascension of Christ.

[s] The Via Flaminia extends through Otricoli, Narni, Spoleto etc. up to Rimini.

[t] These are somewhat smaller miles, otherwise only 40 would be counted: and so elsewhere I remember to have observed even smaller.

[u] Either here the "seventh" is superfluous, or something has been omitted, by which it must be understood that the Saint, not buried, but died on day VII of the Ides of August: when on the Ides themselves he was buried the sincere epitaph clearly enough says, and probably written by Maximus himself.

[x] I have already indicated that Birthday is here to be understood according to the custom of Bishops of that age, calling the day of Ordination Birthday: nor could the feast of the Discovery of the Cross stand in the way (as not having begun universally celebrated until the VIII century) that the more solemn memory among the people of this Birthday should remain, before the day of death or deposition, as in S. Ambrose and several others use has retained, with the memory of their deposition almost abolished. But what is added concerning the Cross, I would not dare to say is from Maximus, yet here perhaps he too followed the new, as Pope Gelasius says, relations on the discovery of the Lord's Cross, the fabulosity of which we have already refuted, and concerning Judas-Cyriacus shall more fully refute on the following day.

[y] In Iacobillus Nerius, in other MSS. Crius and Erias.

[z] MS. Bödeken, Surius and Ughelli "Maximianus."

SEQUENCE

From the ancient Missal of the Narnian Church.

Juvenal, Bishop of Narni, in Umbria (St.)

So far that Sequence, to which three little verses are wanting to complete the antepenultimate strophe, as the very rhythm indicates; we took care to consult the original book: but neither there was found anything more, than we had in our transcript; so that it can be doubted, whether that part was not lacking from the beginning, through the carelessness of the author himself, not very solicitous to give a rhythm perfect on every side.

REMOVAL AND RETURN

Of the body of S. Juvenal in the IX century.

From an old Narnian MS.

Juvenal, Bishop of Narni, in Umbria (St.)

BHL Number: 4615

FROM MSS.

After the Legend or Life divided into Lessons, in the said MS. followed the narration of the body removed and brought back, Perhaps customarily read on August 7 similarly distributed in Lessons, perhaps for the Office to be recited on the day VII of August, when the Acts of his life say the Saint died, and the table of double Offices of the Cathedral of Narni indicates a double feast with Octave is celebrated for him. That table indeed says this feast is of S. Juvenal the second Bishop and Confessor: but from the supposition that there are two Bishops of this name, and the first of them was a Martyr: of which neither can be sustained while the authority of the Life already premised stands, which yet (if it is written by command of his successor Maximus) alone demands principal faith. Perhaps also it happened, that the solemn reception or replacement to the prior place of the Body taken to Lucca and brought back to Narni, fell on this same VII August day; just as God disposing it happened, that on day XIV September, on which first at the dedication of the Hierosolymitan Basilica under Constantine the Cross of the Lord had been exalted, on the same day there it was replaced by the Emperor Heraclius, having received it from Persia. The author of the aforesaid narration was by no means contemporary with the deed, but from popular tradition, after several centuries wrote what he heard reported, not equally in all things consistent with itself and with the greater verisimilitude, nor sufficiently authentic. will be made known from the following treatise §7. Meanwhile, under this caution of admonition, read it here, illustrated only by those observations now, by which obscure things may be explained, not by which errors may be discussed, more opportunely to be corrected in the place I have indicated.

[1] Of Our Lord Jesus Christ, dearest Brothers, and of all the Saints the world rightly resounds with illustrious miracles; Saints subduers of demons take up our patronage when also the mind is wont to climb to the songs of poets and former philosophers, which [yet] are fables and empty readings and deceits of the Gentiles, and also deceptions of the unfaithful. For who fears to read in silence the abdication of enemies, and the hiding of demons; how they were conquered by the soldiers of Christ, and their forces broken, and trampled under their feet. For we recall that envious and crafty toward all the faithful (for without intermission from the snares of the devil men are tempted, that virtue tested may be proven, and the palm to one not consenting may appear more glorious) whence the more they desire crimes, the more they rejoice; still however they do not rest, but with wonderful crimes demanding it they go around chaos, and into the gulf of erebus the slothful rush, they trample heroes, and sometimes kill the faithful. Who confesses about hatred and repents? who mourns about envy? who trembles about the heap of avarice? Indeed few. But the Lord is just and pious, who awaits all and bears with them, through the prayers of the Saints and offerings of the faithful. Yet this should be feared by all, that the more he bears, the more harshly he punishes.

[2] What throats can unfold the remunerations of all the Saints, the glory of infinite mercy, the preparation of the joy of paradise? We ought to dwell in the praise of all the Saints, but of the Narnians especially S. Juvenal. but in our Patrons especially we have judged it harmful to be silent. Behold all defend: and just as before they agonized for them, although as is just they are not heeded by their own, yet still they contend and intercede for them: they themselves defend us, they keep, protect, and shine among us with illustrious miracles. Among whose ranks our glorious and wonderful one shines crowned, the Most Holy Juvenal. O how to be preached! how to be loved! who so loved his Church, that overcoming many torments he triumphed: fittingly adorning the Throne committed to him, he advanced believers with him to the stars of the heavens. Therefore B. Juvenal, not only profited the city, while he lived in this troublesome age; but also after his free flight to the heavens, when for his own he was exiled ^a and again bore martyrdom; for his own he wept, groaned, shed blood, and was carried into exile as if for the cause of piety, so much loving his sheep. Lest however the city forever be defrauded of such a Patron, with exceptional honor he was brought back to Narni, with the Lord aiding through his help and the prayer of the venerable Clerics, and the demand of the noble peoples of the aforesaid place. How indeed he was translated and returned, in order to unfold, as far as is permitted, we take care. We recall the ancient destruction of Narni, of which it is read, that of them not even one was left to announce the death of the others; but now no one was left, and no one was sent away alive nor unhurt. Before it happened, because they offended an earthly King; now it occurred, because they were impious toward Christ the Lord. ^b

[3] It happened that a certain powerful and noble Marquis of Tuscany by name ^c Adalbert, Adalbert Marquis of Tuscany excluded from Narni for the sake of obedience to the Supreme Pontiff, and also to visit the thresholds of the Apostles, came to Rome: whence as he was passing near Narni, he thought himself to be obeyed by them. But they being subject to the Pontiff refused to be subject to him: for vengeance was to come; nor could it be ordained in another way. And not long after on a certain day, while Adalbert was standing in the presence of the Pontiff, there appeared one sprung from a noble lineage of the City of Narni, by name Demetrius: who, when he saw him, against the Pontiff thus addressed: My Lord and ruler of all Churches, defender of pious peoples, does it please you that I be held thus dishonored? When I was coming in your obedience, those Narnians stood against me, in no way obeying, indeed not even speaking peaceful words to me? To these Demetrius replied, It is not lawful for us without our Lord the Pope to obey any power, except only the Emperor by command of the Supreme Pontiff. Who angered, and in vain on this account complaining before the Pontiff, indignant and with a great voice said: It is no wonder that the insane utter wanton words; but you ought to know this, that unless it had been from reverence of our Lord the Pontiff, words would have ceased with stripes. For he was thinking to terrify him with threats. Then with swollen face Demetrius, when he was unwilling to receive the words, replied: It is to be wondered at what I hear from you; because while we are in our parts, we bear equally matched hearts, equally obedient among ourselves.

[4] he conceives in his mind a desire for vengeance In the same hour the inwardly mind of the Duke was corrupted, and like the venom of the chelydrus so hate flourished in his heart ^d. Alas for grief! Wrath turned into hatred how much it harms, how many it kills and how many it makes fall! O hidden poison! O wicked sickness! Because not only have you lasted, that you might kill the Bearer ^e or kill earth-dwellers, or suffocate worldly things; but you have grown so much, that the bodies of the blessed Juvenal ^f, Cassius, ^g Fausta in the meantime you would war down. But O! soldiers of Christ, be ready for the flock again to lay down your bodies,

you who long ago for them did not neglect to lay down souls with bodies. Hail glorious Juvenal, just as Christ for all, so you for the See entrusted to you still hard things await: before you freed souls from the right of the Gentiles, now show the rights of those suffering; invite your peaceful and praiseworthy successor Cassius; let him offer prayers, that those equally entrusted to him he may dismiss unhurt, and Fausta enjoy us with a safe path, with your Pastor be ready for exile.

[5] Why say more? With the Duke returned to his own his mind cunningly persists in the crime. Hearing not long after of the death of that Pontiff, he rose angered, invited friends, summoned relatives, commanded the faithful, and surrounds the city with a siege: through long times he stirred up battles, surrounded the whole city of Narni, and dire wars were excited. The hostile city is poured out into universal lamentation: through the walls Priests cried out, old men shouted, the married wailed, said to the enemies: Why do you do these things? why do you perpetrate this slaughter? We are offended toward God, but in nothing have we been at fault toward you: give we beseech an end to the calamities. He even with oath was saying, That if life shall be my companion, I will not leave a stone upon a stone of this city, and all inhabitants I will dismiss as exiles. Then all fortified the city and gathered together, promising themselves a defender; but with S. Juvenal invoked by the citizens and unanimously they were fighting, crying out and saying: O Most Holy Juvenal, deign for your flock to intercede, that our city may not be destroyed by these enemies fighting cruelly.

[6] But the Duke had gathered an immense pile of woods, thistles and stubble, pitch and tallow; they cannot burn the bridge and he was thinking to overthrow the bridge of wonderful magnitude and beauty, which the peaceful King Octavian with great labor had established. Therefore with fire sent it prevailed nothing nor could do less in anything. Seeing himself in this to be mocked, he said to his men: What do we do my soldiers? I am gravely sad and my heart is broken, and I see myself overcome by the cunning of these enemies of mine. Would that I had not begun! Then all his counsellors in zeal said: We see their defenders so truthful and stable, that neither by promises nor prayers can they be persuaded, because they do not cease to pour out continual prayers for them, he understands it is defended by Saints. for these are Juvenal, Cassius their Pastors, and Fausta the most prudent ^h Virgin their interpellatrix: but hear, lord Duke, for we recall, that the Athenians, when they were besieged by a certain King, had ten ⁱ wise men with them, by whose counsel fortified they could be hurt by no one, who were earthly men; how much more these most familiar sons of God? Whence by his men the aforesaid King was counseled, that if cunningly he scattered them and they were separated from one another, they could easily be hurt: which also was done: whence we note, that thus is necessary for us to act.

[7] The counsel finished, by the instigation of the devil it pleased the Duke that they should promise peace and establish a pact between themselves and the besieged. Moved by this guile with cunning peace they sent twelve of the Duke's nobles, that they should enter into a right league with them and make firm peace with them; [wherefore with deceitful peace made he asks that he be allowed only to pass through the city:] yet on this condition, that they should enter the city with their men by the first gate, and exit peacefully by another, doing harm to no one. Alas treachery! Unaware they were deceived by such fraud; they thought that they would not break sacraments, they gave assent to their own destruction. Now however it is fitting to know about the cruel deception, which so direly was turned to the ^k perdition of the Narnians. Why were you not exposed impious deception? why were you so hidden poisonous counsels? which entered, expels the citizens despoiled Ancient evils were excited, crimes flourished, sacraments were forgotten, hatreds clearly appeared. But O unhappy reasoning! [Yet] the Duke gave permission, that the citizens should bear with them out of the city only as much of their things, as they could carry in one trip.

[8] Priests wept, old men lamented, the married wailed, and lamenting in vain: women with hair fallen tore themselves, sons shouted against parents, all unanimously sending forth their voice: O our patrons, where are your aids? O helps, where can they be found? Our hope has perished, our counsels are scattered, our virtue is confused. S. Juvenal do you not come to our aid? why do you await long exiles for yourself? Behold you have abandoned those entrusted to you, because for you martyrdom is prepared. O Holy body, where are you to be led for our crimes? Venerable Cassius, peaceful Pastor amiable of our Church, how do you abandon those granted to you, whom you ought to bring to Christ? Most beloved Fausta, noble and comely with angelic face, glorious Virgin, gleaming exceedingly, best hope, why do you abandon us? Either die with your own, you who in martyrdom were not timid to die.

[9] No delay: the sarcophagi were broken, the mausoleums shattered, and the body of S. Juvenal still uncorrupted, the bodies of the Saints were drawn out, vehicles prepared. They found the body of the most glorious Juvenal so whole, and so prepared in martyrdom, as if it had been flesh with soul. They took his body, and placed it near the crypt of his tomb. And behold when the heavens were serene, thunders were stirred, lightnings were excited sending bolts, winds grew, the earth was moved, and the eyes of the enemies struck saw nothing; but in fear they let go the Holy body, which erect stood upon its feet. They however also fell upon the earth, which had raised itself and was flowing with blood, lying for the space of nearly two hours sensing nothing; but as if lifeless reclining. At last however the storm was silent: returned to themselves, raising themselves, lifting their eyes, they saw Saint Juvenal erect standing, as if prepared for a journey. Then they took him to place him in a coffin, for his sides were broken as if from weariness, so that from grief blood flowed thence, and irrigated the pavement of his hall. Then those who were present there, and the pious Clerics, weeping gathered his blood as much as they were able.

[10] But they took his body, and placed it in a ^l new two-wheeled cart, together with the most blessed Cassius ^m and Fausta, with SS. Cassius and Fausta they carry away, with hymns and praises leading choirs, singing and praising God, they were proceeding to their own: but the people of Narni sad and mourning leaving, lamenting and crying: To whom have you left us orphans blessed Fathers? or to whom do you abandon us our Tutors? How long do we live, who are without defender? We ought to have died sooner, than that such great calamity should befall us. O most ancient City of Narni! O famous within the bounds of the Romans! most sturdy against enemies, amiable to the known, desirable against foes, glorious to neighbors, delightful in the borders! Now depopulated of citizens, frustrated of Patrons, abandoned by Defenders, dismissed by Keepers! We know that our sins and those of our parents have stirred up this danger for us. But why did we not previously die and were afflicted with punishments and macerated, before we should be emptied of such Patrons?

[11] and carries to Lucca Among these things the bodies of the Saints were led to one of the noble Cities of Tuscany, which is called Lucca, and with all honor placed in the church of ⁿ S. Frigidian, not far from his body! But almighty God who granted by his will to the will of the Duke and his army that they should so lead the Saints, will he be angered through every day? He himself long-suffering, as he says through the Prophet, unless they are converted, will brandish his sword. ^o For sometimes admonishing them as a father; sometimes through certain visions terrifying them as sons, that they should bring the Saints back to their proper homes through subjected persons he was threatening Priests, was admonishing Bishops, all peoples with worst calamities was exhorting: for he said through messengers, where the citizens, divinely admonished to return S. Juvenal to his own, that these were shadows for them against calamities to come, unless they should bring back the body of B. Juvenal with great honor into his own parish. Frequent hail he had sent, hot water rained, sulphurous showers had often come, their fountains and wells were issuing with stench and [p] worms, their cattle and all living things sudden destruction destroyed; so that placing them in stables in the evening they would find them dead in the morning. For their heart was hardened, that they would rather bear punishments and plagues, than allow the bodies of the Saints to return to their proper places, for they thought to give an end to the calamities. After this slaughter was turned upon men, so that those who had finished the burial of a deceased corpse, there would fail, and at the same time were buried.

[12] Then though late they entered into a counsel of salvation, saying unanimously: What are we doing, they decide to obey by the example of the Philistines returning the ark, or what shall we do? Where is our counsel? The city is depopulated, we are devastated of animals, and now we succumb to worst deaths: why these things? except that we frustrate the Narnians of their Patrons. O simulated piety! Vain operation does not please God, the veneration of foolishness. We did not recognize messengers, we did not know Angels, we did not believe what was said, we were not terrified by plagues. But now we who are remaining, let us pour out our prayers, before we are killed, to the Duke, that with honor he may send the body of S. Juvenal to our Lord the Pontiff of the Romans; that he himself may honorably send it back to its proper home. O all behold the most ancient miracles wrought in former peoples. When the Philistines in the times of Eli the Priest had fought against the Israelites, and the two sons of Eli were killed with a great multitude from Israel; and at their sins demanding it they led captive the Ark of the Lord God Sabaoth, and placed it in the temple of Dagon; though honorably venerating, yet in the morning their God they found with neck broken and altogether diminished before the ark of the Lord: not long after struck by worst calamity, they understood the evil to have been perpetrated about the Ark, as is reported in the volume of Kings; 1 Kings 6, 7 and they took two pregnant cows which had not sweated under the yoke, and placed it on a wagon thus leading them not to turn to the right or left; and so with many treasures the Ark was returned to its city. Thus it behooves us to act.

[13] Immediately all rose unanimously with the Duke, and they took the body of B. Juvenal, and with great honor brought back, with hymns and canticles, with psalms and choirs, and they send his body to Rome to the thresholds of the Apostles bringing it to the supreme Pontiff. Then the Bishops of the Romans gathered and Presbyters with the assembly of the Romans received the body of the most blessed Juvenal, with infinite joys. The Pontiff cried out: Hail most holy Juvenal, while you were in the flesh, the Lord led you with parent abandoned and the things of your father from African parts, coming to Rome for love of the Apostles, and through the precepts of the Holy Pontiffs the Narnians

you obtained to preach, whom you adorned in the See entrusted to you, and by preaching drew to Christ: and now all your people awaits you, where with many miracles done, Blessed one, as if brought back from exile. But how many virtues through him the Lord, after he entered Rome, has worked, how many blind illuminated, how many demoniacs saved, how many sick healed, it is long to enumerate. Whence with him detained there for three days, on the fourth day the Pontiff himself with all the Clergy adorned the vehicle, with feet unshod bearing him, thus saying to their citizens… [q] But while he was being led on the journeys, many sick met him, who at the touching of his bier were made well.

[14] he is brought back to Narni, But it was announced to his citizens; with how much joy they marveled, how many thanks they returned to God, I cannot enumerate, each one is sufficient to consider in his mind. For all whatever occupations were holding them, forgetting their little ones and household goods for such great joy, with all care set aside, as each could go more swiftly, came forth to meet. Therefore with much exultation receiving the most blessed body, they most diligently placed it in its proper Confession: where continually almighty God not only to demoniacs, but also to all the sick, who with pure conscience venerate the most blessed Juvenal faithfully, and is joyfully received. does not cease to give the benefits of salvation. Furthermore he watches over the inhabitants of the Narnian fatherland everywhere with such love, that placed in whatever danger or tribulation, faithfully crying to him, he rescues, and by his prayers what is justly asked he effects, with Our Lord Jesus Christ granting it, who with the Father and the Holy Spirit remains praiseworthy and glorious in ages of ages. Amen.

ANNOTATA.

[p] "Vermine" in Italian means little worm.

[q] There seem to be missing words admonishing the Romans, lest they oppose the restitution of the Holy body.

HOMILY

at the dedication of the church of S. Juvenal

from the same old Narnian MS.

Juvenal, Bishop of Narni, in Umbria (St.)

Wonderful is the doctrine of the Divine law, by whose censure nothing is commanded, except what is judged by the best reason: nothing is commanded in it, except what rests on the highest authority: and that we may come to the very showing of the Divine law, neither are the most sacred mysteries to be celebrated everywhere by all and in every place, but at certain hours and times, and in destined places, by elect men, with the highest veneration, are to be adorned. For when Sion with the chamber adorned is commanded to receive the King of heaven, rightly the present Church, which bears his type, about to receive Christ as bridegroom, is first cultivated and adorned, that is solemnly consecrated: and therefore it was decreed by the decree of the supreme Pontiffs, that oratories deputed for the solemn mysteries of offices, by the regard of divine religion, may be cleansed by the sacred hands of the Pontiffs, and irrigated by the dews of heavenly rain, Dedication done by Pope Eugene, and as far as the devotion of the faithful prevails, may be adorned. By the splendor of which adornment the Basilica of S. Juvenal is so much more celebratedly adorned, as more sublimely by the Supreme Prelate of the City Eugene, with the universal Church witness, it is sanctified. For the Blessed Bishop of the Roman city, by name and grace Eugene, having gone out of the city, when to the city of the Narnians he gave abundance of his presence, it pleased his authority, that the oratory of S. Juvenal, together with the Eastern and Western church, which * was then sitting near him, should be consecrated. And when he had stayed for some time in the same city, with the Bishops, Archbishops, Abbots, and other religious men gathered both of the neighboring cities and also of the Eastern places, he consecrated the Altar dedicated in honor of the Virgin mother of Christ Mary: and anointing the whole Church of S. Juvenal with the oil of Chrism, and pouring with the water of Sanctification, he reconciled it; and to those who in following years should visit the aforesaid church on the day of such great Consecration, he granted remission of one year, over those sins for which the Sacerdotal authority had enjoined penance on them. Therefore Sion adorns her chamber, that she may receive the King of heaven, that is, Brothers, the Church is consecrated, that the King of heaven, appeased, may receive prayers made in the same.

So far it suffices to have shown the words of this Homily: the rest of its part, which has nothing not common to any Dedication, was not worth the trouble to describe. But this Eugene Pope is altogether to be understood as the III, disciple of S. Bernard, taken from the Cistercian Order, in the year MCXLV, who died in MCLIII on the day VIII July. Nor let the Bishops of Eastern places present at the dedication cause doubt: for to him caring for the affairs of the Holy Land, then still possessed by the Latins, and peace between their Princes and Manuel Emperor of the Greeks, it happened frequently for Prelates from those parts to be present, both Latin and Greek. How further it should be understood that there was a double church at Narni, of which one was called Eastern, the other Western; and the situation of each whether joined or separate, I leave to be examined by the scrutinizers of Narnian antiquities.

* perhaps because there?

MIRACLE

Wrought in the year MCCXXXIII

From an old little book of the Fossano Archive.

Juvenal, Bishop of Narni, in Umbria (St.)

BHL Number: 4616

A miracle of the Glorious Martyr of Christ Juvenal, Bishop of Narni, on a certain lame man done by the same Martyr, The lame man anointed with the liquor of S. Juvenal is healed. which we saw with our eyes, * Brothers, we wish to reveal to you. A certain lame man, of Irish nationality, by name Moriens, outside the gate of Narni, through the lake square was walking, bearing his chest toward the earth. Seeing him a certain Rufus, sprung from the Roman city, in reproach of Jesus Christ and the venerable Martyr Juvenal Bishop of Narni, among the people of Narni made his word known; that if it should happen the aforesaid lame man should be freed by Juvenal the Martyr, he himself would forthwith be made one of the Brothers. Then the lame man entered the basilica of the Martyr, and came to the place where the body of the Martyr rests: and falling before the altar of the Martyr, was beseeching God, that through the venerable Juvenal the Martyr he might free him from that languor. Then so much liquor emanated from the altar of the Martyr as we cannot, Brothers, in any way narrate to you. But because a certain Priest, by name Jacob, who in the same basilica at that time was bearing the office of custody, with the grace of the holy Spirit invoked, with the liquor of the Martyr began to anoint and to smear the legs and knees of the lame man; That lame man with tears was crying out: Most Holy Father Juvenal, free me. Whom immediately from that languor through Juvenal the Martyr God freed. But the Provost of the same basilica, by name Berard, who reedified the temple of the Martyr which had collapsed; with the Canons of the same Church and all the Clergy and people of Narni, with us going with them, approaching the altar of the Martyr, sang hymns and psalms with the aforesaid Clergy with tears to the Lord, giving thanks to God, who healed the lame man through the venerable Juvenal his Martyr from that infirmity. But Rufus, of whom mention has been had above, with great candles lit, prostrating himself before the altar of the Martyr, was giving thanks to God, who deigned to free the lame man through B. Juvenal the Martyr from that languor, in the year of the Lord MCCXXXIII, in the month of June on day VIII, with the Lord Jesus Christ reigning, who with the Father and the Holy Spirit lives and reigns in ages of ages. Amen.

The beginning of this narration after the word "we saw" was interrupted by this title: To the Clergy and People of Narni: about which I leave it to the reader to judge, whether from the mind of the writer himself it was prefixed to the narration as for the memory of posterity, and by the scribe wrongly placed; or rather afterwards somehow added. It is clear meanwhile that the matter was done and written at Narni: whether to be communicated to other Churches, is not divined.

BULLS OF INDULGENCES

granted in the years MCCLXXXVII and MCCCXXIII.

Juvenal, Bishop of Narni, in Umbria (St.)

FROM MSS.

To all the faithful of Christ, who shall inspect the present letters, Brother ^a Reginald, by divine compassion of Messina, Michael ^b of Antivari, and Bonaventure ^c of Ragusa Archbishops; Romanus ^d of Croia, ^e Bartholomew of Grosseto, Aegidius of Turtyburs ^f Thomas of Aderea, ^g Perronus of Larino, Valdebrunus ^h of Avellino, Peter of Stana, ⁱ Aldebrand of Sutri, ^k Stephen of Lisbon, Archbishops 3 and Bishops 12 ^l Romanus of Aliphae, ^m Maurus of Amelia, and Brother ⁿ Orlandus of Narni Bishops, salvation eternal in the Lord. Although he, of whose gift it comes that he is worthily and laudably served by his faithful, by the abundance of his piety exceeding the merits of suppliants and their vows, gives those who serve well much greater things than they can merit; yet desiring to render the people acceptable to the Lord, the faithful of Christ to please him and as if by certain alluring gifts, with indulgences and remissions we invite, that thence they may be rendered more apt to Divine grace. Wishing therefore, that the church of Narni, shining with Cathedral dignity, with congruous

honors be frequented, they grant Indulgences to all truly penitent and confessed, who to the same church, on the subscribed feasts, namely on the four feasts of the Blessed Virgin Mary, on the dedication of that same church, on the feasts of B. John the Baptist and the Evangelist, on ^o each feast of B. Juvenal Bishop and Martyr, Patron of the said place, on the feast of B. Nicholas Bishop and through the Octaves of all the aforesaid feasts, for the cause of devotion shall come, or shall extend their helping hands to the ornaments of the church and altar there, or laboring in their last shall bequeath some of their resources: We, trusting in the mercy of almighty God and in the authority of the Blessed Apostles Peter and Paul, individually for each forty days from the penances enjoined on them mercifully relax. We however Brother Orlandus, the aforesaid Diocesan of the said place, to whom the aforesaid Indulgences are granted, all the above said Indulgences we approve, ratify, and by tenor of the present in the name of the Lord confirm. To the supplement however of the said Indulgences by the aforesaid authority we confer one hundred days, in the name of the Lord Christ. in the year 1287, In testimony of which thing we have caused our seals to be applied to the present. Given at Rome, in the year one thousand two hundred eighty-seven, on the day before the Kalends of June, the Apostolic See [p] vacant, in Epact four, in the concurrent 2, in the fifteenth indiction. Brother Reginald of Messina, Michael of Antivari, and Brother Bonaventure of Ragusa, Archbishops; Romanus of Croia Bishop, Brother Bartholomew of Grosseto Bishop, Aegidius of Tartybur Bishop, Thomas of Aderea Bishop, Perronus of Larino Bishop, Valdebrunus of Avellino Bishop, Peter of Stana Bishop, Aldebrand of Sutri Bishop, Stephen of Lisbon Bishop, Brother Maurus of Amelia Bishop, and Brother Orlandus of Narni, Bishop diocesan of the place.

Likewise Nicholas 4. Nicholas Bishop, servant of the servants of God to all the faithful of Christ, who shall inspect the present letters, Greeting and Apostolic blessing. The glory of perennial life, with which the wonderful benignity of the Founder of all crowns the blessed array of the Citizens above, by those redeemed by the price of blood poured from the precious Body of the Redeemer, must be acquired by the virtue of merits. Hence this is recognized as exceedingly great, that everywhere, but especially in the churches of the Saints, the majesty of the Most High be praised. Wishing therefore that the Church of Narni, in which the Body of the precious Martyr Blessed Juvenal, who presided over the same church with Episcopal dignity, is said to rest, with congruous honors be frequented, We ask and exhort your Universality in the Lord, enjoining on you for the remission of sins, that to that church, about to implore from the Lord pardon for transgressions, you should approach in humility of spirit. For We, that the faithful of Christ, as if by rewards, we may salutarily invite to merits, trusting in the mercy of almighty God and the authority of his Blessed Apostles Peter and Paul, to all truly penitent and confessed, in the year 1289 who shall devoutly visit that church on the feast of that Martyr, and on the individual feasts of the Blessed Mary and Lucy the Virgins and St. Lawrence, and through the eight days immediately following the feasts themselves, annually one year and forty days from the penances enjoined on them we mercifully relax. Given at Orvieto on June XVI, in the [q] fourth year of our Pontificate.

John [r] Bishop, servant of the servants of God, to all the faithful of Christ who shall inspect the present letters greeting and Apostolic blessing. John 21 Pope The splendor of the paternal glory, who illuminates the world with his ineffable brightness, the pious vows of the faithful, hoping in the most clement majesty of himself, especially then with benign favor follows, when their devout humility is aided by the prayers and merits of the Saints. Wishing therefore that the church of Narni, which is known to have been constructed in honor of B. Juvenal the Martyr, with congruous honors be frequented; and that the faithful of Christ may flock to the same the more willingly, the more they shall have seen themselves refreshed there with the gift of saving grace; we ask and exhort your universality in the Lord, enjoining on you for the remission of sins, that to the same church, about to implore from the Lord pardon for your transgressions there, you should approach in humility of spirit. For we trusting in the mercy of almighty God and the authority of his Blessed Apostles Peter and Paul, to all truly penitent and confessed, who in the four feasts of the Blessed Virgin Mary and on each feast of the same Martyr shall devoutly visit the same church annually, and shall extend their helping hands to the work of that church, one hundred, and through the octaves forty days, from the penances enjoined on them we mercifully relax. in the year 1323 These present things after three years not at all valid, which to be sent through quaestors we strictly inhibit; decreeing that those, if otherwise it be done, lack rights. Given [s] at Avignon on the fifth Ides of June, in the Eighth Year of Our Pontificate. [t]

[u] Boniface Bishop servant of the servants of God, to all the faithful of Christ who shall inspect the present letters, Boniface 9 greeting and Apostolic blessing. To the venerable church of Narni, as the Apostolic See's and our most beloved daughter, especially in those things through which Divine cult is shown forth and the salvation of souls is consulted, directing the gaze of paternal consideration; the more willingly we follow it with the prerogative of special favor, as the more we have known our beloved sons the Chapter of that same church and also the Clergy and People of our City of Narni, more devoted to Us and the Roman Church. Therefore when, as the petition recently presented to us on the part of the Chapter, Clergy, and People aforesaid contained, he renews for the feast of the Ascension long ago some Roman Pontiffs Our Predecessors, piously considering the constant fidelity, and faithful constancy, and purity of sincere faith, which the aforesaid Chapter, Clergy, and People, among the rest of the faithful of the same Roman Church, had preserved toward the same Roman Church, and unshakenly were preserving; wishing therefore to adorn the aforesaid church of Narni with worthy honors, graciously and piously through their letters granted, that all truly penitent and confessed who on the feast of the Ascension of Our Lord Jesus Christ should devoutly each year visit the aforesaid church of Narni, would obtain that Indulgence of their sins, which similarly the penitent and confessed, visiting the Basilicas of the Blessed Apostles Peter and Paul of the City on the said feast, by Apostolic concessions obtain; for which reason the same church of Narni was held in great veneration by the faithful of Christ, and was venerated with exceptional devotion. But when, as the same petition added, on account of the incursions of wars, which alas for sorrow! have notoriously now long flourished in those parts, just as they unceasingly flourish, [x] and the changes of things, depopulations, and other novelties thereupon following, the aforesaid letters have casually been lost; [communication of Indulgence granted to those visiting the thresholds of the Apostles,] and therefore it is doubted lest in the future this devotion and veneration in the same faithful of Christ may vanish; on the part of the same Chapter, Clergy, and People humble supplication has been made to us, that on this we should deign by Apostolic benignity to provide an opportune remedy. We therefore induced by similar consideration, piously attending that the Chapter, Clergy, and People themselves, in stormy times, not fearing the dangers of persons and losses of things, in the sincerity of faith and unsullied devotion to the said Roman Church have remained immovable and unweariedly persist; inclined to such supplications of theirs in this matter, trusting in the mercy of almighty God and the authority of the aforesaid Blessed Apostles Peter and Paul, to all truly penitent and confessed, who shall devoutly visit the same church of Narni on the said feast of the Ascension, annually grant of their sins this same Indulgence, which similarly to the penitent and confessed, visiting the aforesaid Basilicas on the same feast as has been said, has been granted. Given at Rome at St. Peter's, II Kalends of February, in the first year of our Pontificate.

Pope Gregory XIII, for perpetual memory of the matter. Of Our Saviour Lord Jesus Christ, consubstantial with the eternal Father and coeternal, and Gregory 13 who for the redemption of the human race deigned to descend from the highest throne of heavens to the lowest of this world, and to assume our flesh from the womb of the Virgin, holding the Vices, although unworthy, on earth, and following his examples, to the souls of the deceased faithful of Christ existing in Purgatory, who united to God by charity have departed from this light, and have merited to be aided by the suffrages of the pious, he makes the altar of S. Juvenal privileged we strive to administer opportune subsidies from the treasures of the Church; that they, as much as it shall please divine goodness, aided, may be able more easily to come to the heavenly fatherland. Trusting therefore in Divine mercy, by the tenor of the present we grant in perpetuity, that whenever any Priest, whether Secular or Regular, shall celebrate Mass at the Altar, in which as we have heard the Body of S. Juvenal rests, situated in the Cathedral church of Narni, for the liberation of one soul existing in purgatory; that soul through this celebration may obtain the same Indulgences and remissions of sins, which it would obtain and would work, if the aforesaid Priest for this cause should celebrate Mass at the altar, situated in the church of S. Gregory [y] of the City, deputed for that. Notwithstanding our statute about not granting Indulgences in like manner, and other constitutions and ordinations and any other contrary whatsoever. Given at Rome at St. Peter's, in the year 1577. under the ring of the Fisherman, on day XXVII May MDLXXVII, in the sixth year of our Pontificate. [z]

ANNOTATA.

if Leonard, before him elected by the Chapter, did not until under Nicholas IV (as Ughelli says) after long altercation cede his right. What if the place is unknown to us, equally with the next-following See of Stana? Nor could this be Stabiensis under the Archbishop of Sorrento, commonly Castellammare di Stabia for its Bishop from year 1283 to 1295 was called Theobald.

[p] Because of the death of Honorius IV who died on April 3, to whom succeeded Nicholas 4 elected on February 22 of the following year 1288, by whom the following Indulgences were given.

[q] Of Christ 1289.

[r] This is John XXII Pope created on August 7 in the year 1316, who died in the year 1334, on December 4.

[s] To Avignon his predecessor Pope Clement V had migrated.

[t] Of Christ 1323.

[u] Boniface IX is indicated by the marginal note, ascribed to the transcript sent to us: but he was created in the year 1389 on November 2.

[x] Namely the Church distracted through the Clementine schism, and with the French standing for Clement, with the Spaniards and many other Princes: by whose subsidies he, leaning, vexed Italy and the patrimony of S. Peter vehemently, especially in the very year in which Boniface was elected by the depopulating Bretons and Gascons.

[y] This is the church called of S. Gregory on the Caelian mount, of which Pancirolius Region 9 church 28 which now is of the Camaldolese, where the Saint himself is believed to have lived as a monk, and his cell is shown converted into a chapel, and four altars consecrated by him as is believed for the suffrage of souls: there indeed is celebrated the ceremony of 30 Masses to be said for the soul of any deceased, with the example taken from his own Life, who by this method freed the soul of a certain monk appearing to him.

[z] For Gregory 13 was created Pontiff in 1572 on May 5.

EXCERPTS

FROM THE NARNIAN STATUTES,

Made under the Pontificate of Gregory XI

Juvenal, Bishop of Narni, in Umbria (St.)

FROM MSS.

[1] We decree ^b to the honor and reverence of the most glorious Juvenal the Martyr, Patron, Governor and defender of the people and Commune of the said city, that on the day of his festivity, which is celebrated on the third day of the month of May, a silver ring should be raced for which is of the value and estimation of one hundred shillings of Cortona and a palladium: A Race for the Ring is ordered on day 3 May on the feast of S. Juvenal. of which mention is made above in the preceding chapter, of the value of three pounds of gold. In this way, namely, that the Vicar of the said city ^c should have it proclaimed three days before the said feast, on each day once through the aforesaid city, that whoever has a horse should prepare himself, as it pleases him, to race for the ring and palladium on the said day, and that those wishing to race in the major square of the city should appear. And that to those existing there he should command, that they all wishing to race for the ring should stand from the corner of the church of S. Salvati ^d downwards toward the fountain. And the ring placed in the customary place, they should race in succession with lance or ^e bortone individually according to the will of the Lord Vicar or Official there present: and to him racing, who while racing should send his lance into the ring, according to the judgment of that knight, the ring itself should be given and assigned in sign of victory and honor, provided that pack-horses ^f for hauling or beasts of burden cannot race, nor have the ring itself. With this added, that the first racing should be first one of the Powers of the Brigade ^g of Mezalis, the second racing one of the Powers of Fraporta, the third one of the Powers of the Tercerio of S. Maria. ^h

[2] Likewise we decree, and ordain, to the honor and reverence of almighty God, and of the Glorious and Blessed Martyr Juvenal, Patron and Defender of the Commune and people of the said city, to this end that he may assist the Commune and people, that the Lord Vicar, who now is and shall be at times in Office of the said city, by his oath and under penalty of CCC pounds of Cortona, shall be bound to give work and effective effort; that there should be progress in the work and to the perfection of the work ⁱ of the new tribune of the said church of S. Juvenal, [Annual 300 pounds are designated for the Tribune to be made in honor of S. Juvenal] and that by the said Commune, and the Chapter, and the Canons of the said church there should be observed all and individual pacts, between them held and made, as written and published they appear, by the hand of ^k Gorus Richy of Acetium notary, and former Chancellor of the said Commune. And so annually, until the said work is completed, in the month of September of any year, he shall be bound to exact and have exacted from the castles, or counties ^l subject to the said Commune, three hundred pounds of Cortona, which monies are owed by the said Castles to the Commune of Narni for census; which three hundred pounds of Cortona, unless they be exacted within the said month of September, the Chamberlain of the Commune of Narni to the Chamberlain of the said work from the salary owed to the same Vicar for the said work shall be bound to pay, and to charge it again in the book of expenses of the said Commune. It shall however be lawful for that Vicar, the quantity which for the castles he shall pay, through the hands of the Chamberlain from the same castles to recover and receive, which three hundred pounds let him have given to the Chamberlain of the said work, who is and shall be at times, to be applied to the construction of the said tribune and cemetery. Let also the said Vicar be bound to require the Lord Bishop and Chapter of the said church, that the Canons themselves and Chapter spend, and into the same ^m work be converted through the hands of the Chamberlain of the said work annually, and from the Chapter are asked another 150, until the perfection of the work itself, of their money 150 pounds of Cortona. And all and individual things, which thereafter shall be left, given, obligated and granted by anyone, or some persons of the said church, for the aforesaid work, or to the said work; and the fruits, rents, and proceeds of benefices, or prebends, or Canons of the church, which were owed for the works of the said church, namely of the first year of their vacancy, that they should make the money owed by the Canons, and Chapter, and Commune of Narni come to the hands of the Chamberlain of the said work. [Likewise how the account of expenses made by the Chamberlain of the work should be rendered,] Which Chamberlain of the said work of the Commune, and Chapter, of that money pro rata, for that work shall be bound to make expenses, as by masters and wise men and pre-set, by the Commune and Chapter to be set forth, it seems expedient. Let them be bound also of the receipts and expenses to have made three books, of which one is with the Chamberlain of the said work, another with the Overseer of the said work, and another with some upright man, to be elected by the Chapter. They shall also be bound every four months from the Chamberlain of the said work, of past and future receipts and expenses, to exact and have exacted full account through some upright men, to be elected by the Chapter and Commune of Narni. Also let the Chamberlain of the Commune of Narni and his Notary, at the request of the Chamberlain of the said work, place and write them in the receipts and expenses of the said Commune, without any receipt ⁿ and deliberation of any council, by the authority of the present statute, notwithstanding any other statute, which would speak to the contrary. And we wish the present statute in the aforesaid to take precedence. And if the Chamberlain of the Commune and his Notary shall neglect to do the aforesaid, and what penalty is to be paid by neglecters of the statute. by that very fact they are deprived of their office, and also of their salary: and those who shall syndicate ^o, the Vicar and Chamberlain and his Notary, shall be bound to inquire of the aforesaid, and to bear sentence under penalty of XXV pounds of Cortona for each of those officials, who would syndicate the aforesaid. We add, that the aforesaid claim place for themselves, if the aforesaid Canons first spend that which they owe and have promised. With this added, that the aforesaid [p] CCC pounds of Cortona the Chamberlain of the Commune shall not pay nor ought to pay, unless first the said Canons open a way of the postern of the tribune of the said church, and along the church itself; so that through it conveniently one can go and return. And if the Chamberlain of the Commune shall pay these quantities, before first the said way be opened, as has been said; on account of the penalty of perjury, let him incur the penalty of XXV pounds of Cortona to be paid to the said Chamber, unless the said money or census owed, by the said Community to the Roman church should be owed, because then we wish the present statute, as far as this, to be of no efficacy or moment.

[3] Likewise we decree, that the Vicar of the said city, to the honor and reverence of almighty God and of the most glorious Mary always Virgin his Mother, and of the Blessed Juvenal Martyr and Cassius Bishops, and of the other Saints and Saintesses of God, palladiums to be offered to S. Juvenal and other Saints should offer and have offered to the under-written churches, namely to the church of B. Juvenal on the day of his festivity, in the month of May one silken Palladium, and another to the church of holy Mary Major of the place of the Friars Preachers on the day of its festivity, and another to the church of S. Augustine of the place of the Friars Eremites on the day of its festivity, which palladiums should be of the value of the under-written quantity. Namely the Palladium for the church of B. Juvenal of four florins of gold, and the other three remaining of the value of XII pounds of Cortona [q] for each. And let this be done at the expense of the said Commune from the money of the Chamber of Narni, and let the Chamberlain of the said Chamber procure beforehand, that those Palladiums be had.

[4] Double ancient image of S. Juvenal. To these instruments was joined a paper image, elegantly engraved on a copper plate, one palm long and proportionally wide, with this epigraph: S. Juvenal Bp. of Narni, as also indicated the habit of one standing in the habit of a Bishop about to sacrifice,

with chasuble, mitre and crosier, and palm-branch in the left hand; the right, with index and middle fingers raised to bless, lifted: which on the back was inscribed by the hand of the Notary in Italian, which we here render in Latin: The image set behind is seen depicted on a tablet of most ancient painting, at the corner of the Gospel, near the altar which is in the church of the Confraternity of S. Antony of Narni, with the same inscription and palm of martyrdom.

[5] Another, with rude delineation drawn in lead on paper, exhibited a Bishop with mitre, clothed in cope and gloves, on a horse; whose left hand was applied to the rein, the right raised to heaven: behind whose back on the same horse sat a boy, with right hand grasping the cope of the one sitting before, with left extended showing a chalice, whence the species of the eucharistic Host stood out. Was inscribed by the hand of the same Notary in Italian: This is the figure of S. Juvenal, which is called equestrian, under which name his feast is celebrated for him on August VII: and is believed to be a monument of a certain [r] miracle. But that picture is most ancient, on the front of a certain old house, pertaining to the Episcopium.

ANNOTATA.

[p] Because here it was written by cipher 300, therefore above, where only CC was noted, we added another C; especially because it seemed equitable, that the bestowal of the city should exceed the contribution sought from the Chapter twofold.

[q] The Narnians judge that the pound of Cortona was for their elders, what now is simply called the pound; namely the value of half a teston or fifteen asses.

[r] When I recall the Georgian miracle, related on April 23 among the Analecta chapter 3, of the Paphlagonian boy, whom that Great Martyr taking up on horseback brought back from Bulgarian captivity to his fatherland sooner than the broth would cool, which he was carrying steaming from the kitchen to his lord at lunch; it comes to mind to think, that something similar was done by S. Juvenal for some younger Deacon of the Narnian Church, bearing the sacred mysteries, and with the same perhaps led away into the distant by enemies or robbers.

LAST ELEVATION,

From the authentic instruments

of Paolo Bucciarelli Bishop of Narni.

Juvenal, Bishop of Narni, in Umbria (St.)

FROM MSS.

CHAPTER I.

Discovery of the body within the stone ark in the year MDCXLVI.

[1] In the name of God Amen. Let it be evidently clear and known to all everywhere by the present public Instrument, in the year 1642 that in the year from the Nativity of Our Lord Jesus Christ one thousand six hundred forty-second, in the tenth indiction, on Wednesday of the most sacred Holy Week sixteenth April, about the fifth hour of the night, in the nineteenth year of the Pontificate of the Most Holy in Christ Father and Our Lord Urban by Divine providence Pope VIII. Body of S. Juvenal placed in the crypt of the Narnian church Since by the testimony of grave men and the documents of the Narnian church, not only at this time but in centuries past also, that the Body of Divine Juvenal Bishop and Martyr and Patron of the said City, in the chapel and crypt of the said Cathedral church, commonly called of the holy body, rests and is preserved was in the mouth of all; and since the tomb of the same most glorious Saint through a little window, fortified with iron gratings, was beheld in the same chapel with most ancient veneration; and in the same place and crypt and in the same monument the same Holy body was being venerated by the Narnians and other faithful of Christ most devoutly with the highest honor; and innumerable graces obtained by the prayers of the same Saint from almighty God were recognized; and therefore very many votive tablets hanging on the face of the chapel itself were inspected (all of which probably designated the existence of the holy body); and since also it was, that this chapel and crypt, in which the tomb and capsa was; and the very altar, on which sacrifice was wont to be made; were observed defiled and depraved by excessive humidity, so that not without much repugnance of mind and offense of body, on account of the bad odor and air shut in (no other vent appearing there, except a little doorway through which is the entrance to the chapel) celebration could be done in it; bearing this hardly the Most Illustrious and Most Reverend Lord John Paul Bucciarellus, by the grace of God and the Apostolic See Bishop of Narni; and judging unworthy, Bishop Bucciarellus about to dig up that the said sacred pledge be retained so indecently; and not being able with the grief of his heart to make sacred at the aforesaid altar as he was wont; and hoping in the devotion of his people toward the same Saint and in pious bestowal, to place that most glorious body in a more decent and worthy place, moved by the spirit of piety and led by fervent impulse, with prayers many times poured out to God on these things; he decreed to open these incitements of his heart and make known to the very Reverend Lord Sulpitius Carissimus, Canon Dean of the aforesaid Cathedral Church, of his age seventy-eight years, conspicuous in the gravity of life and morals under the seal of confidence.

[2] Therefore having summoned him and silence imposed on him also through censures, he discloses the secret. But because in such a matter divine help is first to be invoked, he communicates the matter to the Dean, they came to the opinion to declare prayers, and to have the most august Sacrament exposed in the churches of nuns; and there through the same nuns humbly to pour out the mind to God in prayers, and with alms and fasts to undertake so great and arduous a function. Therefore minds being thus disposed, the same Most Illustrious Lord Bishop having called to him the Reverend Septimius Donatus, Custodian or Subsacristan of the Cathedral church, and master Michael Angelus Mellus of Como, an architect dwelling in the land of ^a Carbium, who was then present in this city; and the matter being communicated to them, others having been summoned with oath first received on and over the premises to keep silence, on the third hour of night of the second feria of Holy Week, they recognized the Chapel and altar and the place through which they were going to enter the crypt designated. And on another day having also called the Very Reverend Lord Remulus Maximus Canon Subdeacon of the aforesaid Cathedral church, of about seventy-one years of age, and the matter being disclosed to him; they decided, that all, fortified with sacred refection, on Wednesday of Holy Week about the fifth hour of night should convene at the same Cathedral church, with instruments prepared, and others for breaking through the wall, as it happened.

[3] And entering the Chapel, trusting in Divine help, again and again the name of the same S. Juvenal having been invoked, entered the crypt April 16 with the wall on the corner of the Gospel of the standing altar broken through, so that anyone could easily enter the crypt, with that devotion and reverence which befitted they entered; and having found the deposit, of Tiburtine stone of four fingers thickness, three palms width, and about nine palms length, with cover placed of the same kind of stone, in the manner of a tomb, fortified with iron ^b clamps and protected with lead, so that not without the greatest labor could it be opened: he found it in a stone ark: And the iron impediments having been broken and the stones removed, which here and there surrounded the capsa itself, especially at the extremity of the same, they dislodged a small piece of the cover to the measure of about two palms: through which opening first the said Master Michael Angelus, then the aforesaid Reverend Septimius and successively the same Most Illustrious Lord John Paul the Bishop entered the crypt: and with their own eyes, having a lit candle in their hands, one after another inspected the capsa itself from the inner part through the said opening, and they found the holy body in the same Tiburtine capsa stored: namely the head and other bones of the body. And falling down: with tears of joy poured out, they returned immense thanks to God Almighty. And other stones being removed, more easily to lift the cover of the said capsa; and elevated to the measure of a palm and a half, the body of the same Saint (namely the head, bones, and ashes) appeared more evidently on the corner of the Gospel, near the altar there existing, turned to heaven, somewhat inclined to the right; and other bones of each part of the body placed in their places, yet disjoined and mixed together with the ashes of the holy body.

[4] Then with a hymn said, unanimously the same Most Illustrious Lord Bishop ordered the said body of the same Saint, the bones and ashes, by the aforesaid very Reverend Canons Sulpitius Carissimus and Remulus Maximus, about which found and inspected sworn testimony is given by the Dean, and the said Rev. Septimius the Subsacristan, and Master Michael Angelus Mellus to be firmly recognized, as by oath taken with breasts touched after the manner of Priests and the Scriptures respectively they swore. The said very Rev. Lord Sulpitius asked by the same Most Illustrious Lord Bishop and me what he saw existing within the said stone capsa; replied: I now see, as also I just saw, in this ark of Tiburtine stone, the body of our S. Juvenal Bishop and Martyr, placed in this crypt and oratory which are sacred to the same Saint: namely, his sacred head (which permission asked from the same Bishop being present he with his own hands somewhat lifted from the capsa) the same bones

in the capsa and disposed in their place, and these ashes imbued with bloody color: and I hold and adore it as the body of the glorious S. Juvenal our Bishop and Martyr: which is everywhere believed to rest in this crypt and ark of Tiburtine stone, which was seen through this little window here existing. And I give thanks to blessed God, that I have been allowed to see it before I die: and adding said: I can now say to the Lord: Now you dismiss your servant Lord, because my eyes have seen, etc.

[5] ^c And asked likewise as above the very Rev. Lord Canon Remulus Maximus, also replied: Here we all see this sacred body of S. Juvenal our Bishop; One Canon, namely his most sacred head, bones and ashes blood-stained as if as an indication of martyrdom: and I myself just now saw it, when from the ark made of Tiburtine stone the cover was lifted: and now I hold it for the same, adore, venerate, as I was wont to do with the other citizens of this city, placed in this same ark, observable to all through this little window. And falling down he again adored the body itself. Then having called the said Master Michael Angelus Mellus and Rev. Septimius Donatus the Subsacristan, and they being asked on and over the premises, replied one after another [in] singular: We see this body and these bones, placed and found in this ark and tomb of Tiburtine stone and in this crypt and oratory of S. Juvenal Bishop of this city: Subsacristan and Architect. and they are the same which a little before we saw, when from the ark we removed part of the cover: we recognize the sacred head, with face turned to heaven and somewhat inclined to the right; and these bones and ashes tinged with his blood. And we believe to be and venerate as Relics of the glorious S. Juvenal Bishop of this city, just as also always the people have been wont to honor them in this same ark: and from joy with tears they inclined to the said capsa and body.

[6] And as witnesses called and applied to these RR. Francis Cantagallus Priest of Foligno, and Augustine de Agnis Cleric of Milan, members of the household of the Most Illustrious Lord Bishop, which others called also do, present to all these things etc., and they too approaching the Tiburtine capsa of the said holy body, recognized the same body (namely head, bones and ashes, as above) in form. Which being completed the same Most Illustrious Lord Bishop present commanded, that the deposit and cover of the capsa, in that manner in which above was said, should be half-closed covered and overlaid with a tapestry. And having summoned Lords Antonio Brunello, and John Baptist Tepella, Prior and Chamberlain ^d of the Society of the most holy Sacrament of the Cathedral church, to have candles for placing as luminaries before the monument of the said holy body; and they too venerating approached the capsa with permission of the same Most Illustrious Lord Bishop; and the tapestry being lifted, by which the capsa itself was covered, they inspected the Holy body, adored, and at the same time venerated: and luminaries placed the Most Illustrious Lord Bishop ordered the iron door of the same chapel to be closed, and that to be fortified with chains and keys. And the bells from highest joy being rung by the Clerics of the same Cathedral; and other signs given of joy, the people informed of such discovery of S. Juvenal, the body left in the crypt. approached the church, venerated the Holy body; and admired the chapel; the Most Illustrious Bishop returned to his own dwelling, thinking about the translation of such Holy body: about which etc.

ANNOTATA.

CHAPTER II.

Translation of the body to the new Reliquary and the exposition of this.

[7] In the same year, month and Pontificate, on the day XVII April about the third hour of the night again the Most Illustrious and Most Reverend Lord Bishop of Narni from his palace, clothed in talar garb, ^a rocheto and ^b muzzetta, betook himself to his aforesaid Cathedral church; contiguous to the same palace; where awaiting him most illustrious and very Reverend John Charles de Alexandris, and Ludovicus Picininus, Canons ^c antian, and also Lords Gabriel Masseus, and Vincent Connestabilis Canons, April 17 found in the same situation, deputed by the Rev. Chapter, by order and command of the same Most Illustrious Lord Bishop, and Sulpitius Carissimus and Remulus Maximus older Canons of the same Cathedral, all with ^d surplices and stoles, prayers first customarily poured out before the most holy Sacrament and chapel of S. Juvenal, by order and command of the same Most Illustrious Lord Bishop the iron door of the said chapel was opened: and all entered together with Rev. Lord Actilius Perfectus and Rev. Lord Septimius Donatus of Narni, and Rev. Lord Francis Cantagallus of Foligno and me; the above-said very Reverend Lords Sulpitius and Remulus, and Reverend Lords Actilius, Francis and Septimius, who were present at the discovery of the holy body above written, as above in the instrument, by me yesterday about the fifth hour of the night requested, by oath of theirs, with breasts touched after Sacerdotal manner recognized the above-written capsa or deposit, and the same Holy body and all the bones of the same, to have been seen and inspected by them before; and in the same situation, place and manner, in which they had left the same seen, to exist and be situated, as in the instrument above written by me yesterday about the fifth hour of the night requested appears.

[8] And the said recognition having been made the same Most Illustrious and Rev. Lord Bishop, with ^e stole imposed on his neck, ordered linens to be spread on the earth near the holy aforesaid deposit: and with his own hands, projected onto the earth, it is taken from the ark the holy Head taken and all the greatest bones with diligence he placed in a certain little capsa of cypress: in whose cover and on the front part of it was placed ^f talc, and on which was substrate within a red silk veil, commonly called ^g taffeta. Then the gathered ashes with the highest diligence were placed in a certain pollubrum or ^h basin: and those ashes which were around the head of the same Saint, in which a bloody stain was seen; as those which appeared to all eyes profuse with bloody color, were placed within ^a glass ampulla, with an impressed ⁱ bloody stain remaining in the same place of the deposit of Tiburtine stone, where the body was enclosed. So all were astonished and shuddered, seeing such bloody stain impressed on the stone, since for more than a thousand years the holy Bishop Juvenal had been crowned with martyrdom, and his body buried there ^k. The same Most Illustrious Lord Bishop ordered, and placed in the little capsa it is sealed. that the said cypress capsule be closed, containing the said holy body, and with iron nails, and cords drawn around it be fortified: in whose extreme knot was placed the seal of the Most Illustrious Lord, impressed in red Spanish wax, that always its identity might be confirmed. The said capsule was placed, as above closed and sealed, and the aforesaid ashes within the said basin and the said glass, near the said capsule on the altar of the said chapel, on which was placed a certain red silken veil. with the ashes separately placed. These things performed by order of the same Most Illustrious Lord Bishop the said iron door of the same chapel was closed, with keys and ^l lock, so that it could be opened by no one. And all the aforesaid were done and performed in my presence and that of the above-written witnesses to the aforesaid called, held especially and asked. Done where above, with those above present: and the Most Illustrious and Rev. Lord Bishop returned to his aforesaid Palace; accompanied by the aforesaid Lords Canons.

[9] On the seventeenth day of the month of April, of the year one thousand six hundred forty-second, the very Rev. Lord Julius Caesar Mautinus, the discovery is indicated to the leaders of the city. Citizen of Narni and Antian Canon of the Cathedral Church of S. Juvenal of the Most Illustrious city of Narni, sent (as he said) by the Most Illustrious and Rev. Lord Paul Bucciarellus of Arquata Bishop of the same Most Illustrious City, and the Venerable Chapter of the aforesaid Cathedral to the Most Illustrious Lords Priors residing ^m of the aforesaid City, namely the Excellent Lord Sebastian Santellinus, Lord Joseph Sciopertus, and Lord Vincent Virgilius, to make them more certain, how on the night before the holy day of Thursday of Major Week, about a thousand and two hundred sixtieth year from the death, by the same Most Illustrious and Rev. Lord Bishop, with two Lords Canons of the aforesaid Cathedral assisting, and others most faithful to the same Illustrious Bishop, the most holy body of Divine Juvenal, first Bishop of the aforesaid city, existing in the church of the same Saint, fortified with a most ancient wall, in the chapel called Holy Body, in a stone ark, constructed of stone which is called Tiburtine, with a cover likewise of stone built and lined with lime, was found with the head and other bones, fit to contain a whole body. And he said he had set forth all these things by order and commission as above, that as bearing the person of the universal city they might be informed of the whole aforesaid fact.

[10] In the same year and Pontificate, on day XVIII April, about the second hour of the night, the aforesaid Most Illustrious and Rev. John Paul Bucciarellus, April 18 the Bishop attempts to extract the ark: by the grace of God and the Apostolic See Bishop of Narni, together with the above-said very RR. Lords Sulpitius Carissimus, John Charles de Alexandris, and Ludovicus Piccininus Canons, and RR. Lords Actilius Perfectus, and Septimius Donatus of Narni, and also Michael Angelus Mellis of Milan and R. Lord Augustine de Agnis, and me, again betook himself to the above-said chapel: and prayer first made before the most holy Sacrament and the said chapel; by order and command of his Most Illustrious Lordship, the iron cage being opened anew, with previous recognition of the above-said capsule, where the above-written holy body had been placed, made of it by the above-written RR. Lords Sulpitius, John Charles, and Ludovicus, that it was present in the same way, in which as above it had been left, as by oath of theirs with breasts touched they swore and affirmed the same Most Illustrious Lord Bishop; he ordered the said capsa of Tiburtine stone, as above, with the earth dug around as much as he could, to be lifted up, although it was done with the greatest labor, that he might expose it taken up if it could be done to be seen by the people. But with great difficulty before the said capsa, what earth lay under, was excavated a little; which extrinsically was seen to be elaborated like works, with which is fashioned

the foot, or base of the altar there existing. but seeing it could not be done without ruin, leaves it in its place. And because it was almost impossible that it could be drawn out from there, unless the middle wall between the chapel and the tomb were greatly torn down; thence he ordered with the same keys and in the same way the iron door aforesaid to be closed, as it was closed, with those above present etc.

[11] On day XXII April of the year MDCXLII the Most Illustrious and Rev. Lord John Paul Bucciarellus, by the grace of God and the Apostolic See Bishop of Narni, to fit and better arrange the sacrosanct relics of the Body of S. Juvenal Bishop of Narni and Martyr, transferred from his Episcopal palace to his same Cathedral Church of S. Juvenal, April 22 the body and ashes inspected under inviolate seal clothed in Rocheto, over the Mozzeta, accompanied by the Most Illustrious and very Reverend Lords Sulpitius Carissimus, Remulus Maximus, Francis Ravellus, Gabriel Masteus, Augustine Angelo Pellegrino, George Cardonus, Tiberius Caldarinus, John Nicholas Farnetto, Anselm Spera, Thomas Herulus, John Francis Germanellus, Peter Saratinus, John Charles de Alexandris, Ludovicus Piccininus, and Julius Caesar Mautinus, Canons of the above-said Cathedral, his familiars, and me. And the prayers customarily poured out before the Most Holy Sacrament and chapel of S. Juvenal, he ordered, that the iron or barred door of the said Chapel be opened: and opened all present entered the said chapel the aforenamed, the RR. Lords Sulpitius and Remulus, by oath of theirs, recognized the capsule, in which had been placed the said holy Body of the said S. Juvenal, existing on the altar of the said chapel, bound with cords not broken or destroyed, but in those well to appear the seal, in the very manner in which by the same on their last departure had been left, together with the said ashes as above taken from the same capsa, and in the basin and the said glass, in the same manner and position, in which the last time there they had been left.

[12] Whence by order and command of the same Most Illustrious Lord Bishop the said capsule being opened, was found the head, ashes and bones, the Bishop finds them shining with wondrous light, of the holy body all shining like a lamp, of alabaster or alumen, sending forth bright little rays: which produced the greatest admiration and veneration toward those holy relics. Then the Most Illustrious Lord Bishop placed the relics taken from the capsule itself diligently upon an abacus, on which previously had been spread a certain tablet, and the aforesaid capsule clad inside with red silk, called taffeta immediately he placed back the same relics in the same capsule, and first he placed on one part all the ashes which were in the basin and on the other the said glass with those reddish ashes, infused with blood as is judged, within the same capsa joined; with cotton placed on top. Afterwards seizing with his own hands the head of the Saint, which by the same Most Illustrious Lord Bishop had been bound with red silk ⁿ ribbon, placed it in the middle of the same capsule, on the front part of which over the cover was fitted talc, so that what was within could be seen through it, although the said capsule was closed. And here and there from near the said head with the rest arranged, he summoned the Most Illustrious Rev. Lords Priors residing, namely Sebastian Santellinus, Joseph Sciopertus, and Vincent Vergilius: who approaching devoutly venerated the most holy body; and first of all the Most Illustrious and Most Reverend Lord Thomas Monticolus Noble of Rimini; and Most Illustrious Governor of the City of Narni, who had come with the above-said Magistrate; with the crowns of each touched by the same Most Illustrious Lord Bishop with the above-said Relics.

[13] At the same time flowed in not only the Primates of the City, and brought forth he blesses the people, but also at the sound of the bells, rung in sign of joy, to the said chapel betook itself the universal people, and many traveling pilgrims. Whence on account of the great concourse of people, which was growing, the same Most Illustrious Lord Bishop with hands taking the said capsule, with the help of two of the said Canons sustaining it here and there, in the door of the same chapel he many times blessed the people with the sign of the Cross with the said capsule. At length placed inside the said capsule a schedule, of the tenor as in it, written by the very hand of the Most Illustrious Lord Bishop, he ordered the same capsule to be closed with iron nails, and bound around about; namely at the foot and at the head with red silken ribbons and the extremes of the same ribbons mutually placed under ^o little pellets of wax to be made firm, and to another similar one, and with his seal in red Spanish wax on one part of the capsule, on the other with the seal of the Rev. Chapter to be fortified.

[14] Then the said capsule was placed within another similar larger capsule of wood, which likewise was closed and made firm with iron nails, before all the above-said Lords Governor, Priors, Canons and witnesses underwritten. This however was placed immediately in another large and thick wooden capsa, then to a third larger and protected with triple lock he places it. within clothed with cloth as it is called sangalla red, and extrinsically fortified with iron plates: which was closed with three keys: of which one the Most Illustrious Lord Bishop gave to the Rev. Chapter present, and for it to RR. Lords John Charles de Alexandris and Ludovicus Piccininus, two of the said Canons and Antians present and receiving; another to the above-written Lords Priors similarly present: but the last the same Most Illustrious Lord Bishop retained with himself, and ordered the door of the said chapel to be closed with wall, and then the iron door with two keys, of which one he intends to retain with himself, and another he ordered to be consigned to the said Rev. Chapter. And then accompanied by all the aforesaid he returned to his Episcopal Palace, but he has the door of the chapel walled up. with the underwritten Lords witnesses left there, especially held about the aforesaid and the underwritten, and the Notaries, namely Lord Francis Gallienus of Stronconio Chancellor of the Episcopal Curia, Lord Celsus Victorius of Gualdo Secretary of the said Most Illustrious City and Community, and me Notary of the said Chapter requested about the premises, until the aforesaid were closed. But the door was closed with wall and keys as above by Master Octavius son of the late Peter Augustine alias Iorge of Narni, and Master Francis Rugerius Roman cementarii… These things were done at Narni in the above-said chapel, and Cathedral church respectively, with the RR. Lords Stephen Cardiacellus, Felix Ferentellus, Cassius Benedict, and Actilius Perfectus, Presbyters of Narni present, and also the Most Illustrious Lords Vincent Mancinellus, Baldovinus Cardulus, Marcus Antonius Area, and Peter Paul Mangonius, all of Narni witnesses. And I Thaddaeus de Comitibus of Narni, public by the grace of God by Apostolic authority Notary…

ANNOTATA.

CHAPTER III.

Translation of the body to another place: exposition of the stone ark, and miracle of an effigy appearing in it.

[15] June 16 Bishop wishing to show Fr. Gravita the body of the Saint On day XIII June of the year MDCXLII the Most Illustrious and Most Reverend Lord John Paul Bucciarellus, by the grace of God and the Apostolic See Bishop of Narni, wishing to do a pleasing thing to the very R. Father Peter of Gravita Presbyter of the Society of Jesus, desiring to see the sacred bones of the holy body of the glorious Juvenal, accompanied by the Most Illustrious Lords Priors residing and several RR. Lords Canons of his said Cathedral and his very Rev. Lord Vicar General, and his familiars, and me Notary for the said Rev. Chapter of the said Church: and the prayers customarily first poured out before the most holy Sacrament, and then before the chapel of the said S. Juvenal, he ordered the door of the aforesaid chapel to be opened and thence the wall to be removed, by which the last time it had been closed, as in the acts under day XXII April. Which opened and the aforesaid wall removed, with the above-said RR. Priors, Vicar and Canons, and the Most Illustrious RR. Vincent Mancinellus, and Balduinus Cardulus, two of the three held the said last time, when the aforesaid chapel was closed and walled, He ordered to be opened the iron capsule, he orders the wall broken and the arks opened: closed with three keys,

containing within itself the other two wooden capsules, one within, the other placed the last time, and, as similarly in my acts, placed and left there before the altar. Which opened with the said keys, and from it taken the wooden cypress capsule, with the talc on the cover and placed in front, bound at head and foot all around with two red silken ribbons, in the extremes of the same one over the other, and bullaried, fastened, not broken or destroyed, in those well and evidently to appear he recognized the seals of his Most Illustrious Lordship and of the said Rev. Chapter, in red Spanish wax impressed, in the very manner, in which in the said last access and manner they had been left.

[16] Within which capsule, through the said talc are seen to exist the head, bones and ashes of the holy body of the glorious Juvenal. And all the aforesaid the said Lords Vincent and Balduinus recognized in form, and affirmed to remain in the same manner, in which by them in the above-said last access they had been left. All which performed, and prayers first poured out before the said holy Relics, and the crowns of all standing by touched on them, the same Most Illustrious Lord Bishop, having taken the said capsule, thus as above bound and sealed, with the said help of two of the said Canons here and there sustaining, in the door of the same chapel many times blessed the people with the sign of the Cross: and at length the said capsule placed within the other aforesaid, and that fastened with iron nails, the same was placed back within the above-said iron capsule, and again to be closed and walled. and closed with the above-written three keys: of which keys one was consigned to the said Chapter, and for it to the very RR. Lords Sulpitius Carissimus and Julius Caesar Mautinus the Antians, and another to the said Priors there present, and another the same Most Illustrious Lord Bishop retained with himself, in the presence of me and of the underwritten witnesses, etc.: and he ordered again the said chapel to be closed with wall, as it was closed, and within left before the altar the iron capsule, as above closed.

[17] On day XX June of the year MDCXLII the Most Illustrious and Rev. Lord Bishop of Narni wishing to fully satisfy the devout desire of the very R. Father Peter Gravita, Having found a more suitable place for the holy body, of the Society of Jesus Presbyter, who had asked his Most Illustrious Lordship, that he should expose to the universal people the capsa of Tiburtine stone, where formerly stood the bones or Relics of the holy Bishop and Martyr S. Juvenal: therefore his same Most Illustrious Lordship ordered and gave the faculty, that a more decent and accommodated place be found for placing the said holy body, the capsa is borne to the major altar and recognized, now within his chapel closed with wall, in which was found a crypt, where suitably the said capsa is placed. And the said place being immediately found, again the wall of the chapel was torn down, and thence by the RR. Lords Priests, clad in surplices and stoles, with all devotion and veneration the iron capsa was taken away, in which is enclosed the body of the aforesaid Saint, was carried before the major altar of the said church of S. Juvenal. And when it had been opened with the Most Illustrious Lord Bishop, Chapter and Magistrate always assisting, by the very Most Illustrious Lords Capt. Marcus Antonius Area and Peter Paul Mangonius of Narni, and R. Father Peter Gravita, by their oath of intercession with breast and Scriptures touched respectively, the inner cypress wooden capsule was recognized, in which transparent stones of talc are fixed, and bound with cords not broken and fortified with seals, to contain the said sacred body, as in other instruments asked by me.

[18] Afterwards it was exposed upon the said major Altar: where, and processionally carried about, after Mass celebrated by the Most Illustrious Lord Bishop himself, the holy Body was carried within the said capsule, as above, bound and sealed existing, solemnly and processionally by the same Most Illustrious Lord Bishop, the Clergy and the above-said R. Father Gravita, with the Magistrate and universal people accompanying, around the squares and ways near the Cathedral church, as is wont to be done in the procession of the most holy Sacrament each month. Which procession completed, again the capsule was exposed, as above fortified, and placed within the said other one fastened with keys, which was reclosed with three keys as above: of which keys one was consigned to the said R. Chapter, another to the Magistrate and another the same Illustrious Lord retained with himself: and the said iron capsule, thus within itself containing the said other two with the above-said holy Relics, as above, was carried away and placed in a suitable and apt place, in it suitably adorned it is placed. existing between the walls of the Chapel of S. Juvenal commonly called Holy Body, and of the Chapel of the most holy Crucifix: in which interstice appears a door adorned with mosaic stone: above which a marble Cross is fixed to the wall, and a little above ^b a little window, commonly called nichia, in which is seen sitting a wooden simulacrum of S. Juvenal Bishop and Martyr, in the manner of blessing the people: which door indeed by command of the same Most Illustrious Lord Bishop was closed with wall, within containing the said holy body.

[19] On day XX June of the year MDCXLII the Most Illustrious and Most Reverend Lord John Paul Bucciarellus, in the bottom of the stone ark taken from the crypt, by the grace of God and the Apostolic See Bishop of Narni, ordered the stone capsule to be excavated from the crypt of the chapel of S. Juvenal, in which were found the holy bones of the body of S. Juvenal, on day XVII April last about the fifth hour of the night, as appears under the request of the underwritten Lord Francis Galienus, Notary and Chancellor of the Episcopal curia of Narni; and that excavated to be exposed to the people in the middle of the Cathedral church of the aforesaid S. Juvenal. As excavated and exposed it was in the middle of the said church, covered with a certain iron grating fastened with cords, and there left for the gaze of all the people, with the intention of giving it later its decent place. About which was acted at Narni in the above-written Cathedral Church of S. Juvenal, with the very R. Father Peter Gravita of the Society of Jesus, and the very RR. Lords Sulpitius Carissimus, and Julius Caesar Mautinus of Narni witnesses present, and report of the above-said Lord Francis Galienus Chancellor and Connotary.

[20] On day XXIII June of the year MDCLII at the first hour of the night, when the Most Illustrious and Rev. Lord Bishop of Narni had been called by the very R. Peter Gravita Narnian Presbyter of the Society of Jesus, there is found on June 23 the impressed form of the holy body. that his Most Illustrious Lordship should approach to see the miracle which had again ^c appeared in his Cathedral church, and was found within the stone capsa, in which was found the body of S. Juvenal. And when he had immediately come to the temple, accompanied by his Most Illustrious Vicar General and his household members and Chancellor, was found and seen in the same capsa, where the body of the glorious Martyr S. Juvenal had lain, exposed in the middle of the church, covered with a certain iron grating, for the gaze of all the people, to appear and be seen, just as it appears and is seen, the effigy of the said S. Juvenal Bishop and Martyr shadowed forth, and to be seen as somewhat effigied; when in it was inspected, as is inspected, the head, the whole face with diadem, hands, feet, and the universal effigy of the body, with Pastoral staff near the left hand, also the garment which is called Cope, in that situation in which the sacred bones in the very same capsa lay, and were found. Indeed, what was more worthy of admiration, nor could be referred to a natural cause in any way, was, that the above-said effigy of the face showed forehead, eyes, nose and beard: when however above the said effigy of the face was placed the back part of the cranium or head, called occiput. As by oath, with breasts and Scriptures touched, respectively attest that they have seen and diligently observed the Most Illustrious and Most Reverend Lord Paul Mangonius, Cardolus de Cardulis, the very R. Father Peter Gravita aforesaid, and the very R. Lord Ludovicus Piccininus Canon of the above-said Cathedral church: who first noticed, and by some chance observed the said effigy. For which cause the same Most Illustrious Lord Bishop ordered the underwritten Chancellor that he should note all the aforesaid, and ask him about this case and miracle, and of all the aforesaid he should make and stipulate public Instrument or Instruments, for the truth of the fact and perpetual memory, as he saw all the aforesaid, noted, stipulated, in the presence of the above-said witnesses. ^d

ANNOTATA.

CHAPTER IV.

Translation of the body to the major altar made on April XXIV of the year MDCXLIX.

[21] In the name of the Lord Amen. In the year of Christ MDCXLIX, Indiction II, in the Pontificate of happy memory of Lord Innocent X Pope, In the year 1649 on day 27 April, in his fifth year, on the day twenty-seventh April. In the presence of us Francis Coffari of Narni, and John Augustine Aeneus of Monte-bono in Sabines Citizen of Narni at present of the Most Illustrious Community of the aforesaid City

of Narni Secretaries, public Notaries, in solidum requested, present and principally existing the Most Illustrious and Reverend Lord John Paul Bucciarellus, Bishop, who having extracted the holy body from an obscure place, by the grace of God and the Apostolic See Bishop of the aforesaid city, who recalling that formerly for the conservation of the glorious Body of S. Juvenal Bishop and Martyr, formerly likewise Bishop of the aforesaid city and still also of the same city Patron and Protector, reduced to bones, found and extracted by his order from the stone capsa in which it was preserved, and publicly venerated by the faithful of Christ, within a certain crypt or obscure place existing on the left hand of the chapel called of the said S. Juvenal, vulgarly called of the holy body, situated in the Cathedral church, in honor and the name of the same S. Juvenal anciently constructed. And that capsa was beheld by means of a certain lit lamp, which was placed above the same capsa from a certain very small window, made in the wall of the aforesaid crypt, existing in the said Chapel, and looking within the aforesaid crypt. As from the discovery of this kind appears as is said from the Instrument requested by Lord Francis Galienus of Stronconio, public Notary and former Episcopal Chancellor of the aforesaid city, on day XVII April of the year MDCXLII.

[22] And that he had had that holy body placed within three capsules, as above, one within another: transferred to a triple ark, of which one of length four palms, of height two and a half palms, closed with three keys, was covered with iron plate. And then, in place of deposit and with the intent of placing, retaining and preserving it in a worthier place, he had it placed and walled in a certain very humid place, through which one ascended to a certain altar anciently constructed under the name of S. Blaise, and there had it closed, by means of a certain stone staircase made for this effect, existing beyond the said crypt, having a stone door almost everywhere with fragments of stones of various colors on two sides and above adorned, in the wall beyond the crypt of the aforesaid church, and toward the same church, between the chapel of the most holy Crucifix and the aforesaid S. Juvenal, otherwise called of Holy Body. And that the same place at the aforesaid door with the said holy body was afterwards closed with mortar of masons, namely with bricks and lime and ^a pozzolana. As more fully appears also asserted from the Instruments requested by the said Coffari Notary first, on day XXII of the aforesaid Month of April: and second, with the capsules opened, within which the holy body had been placed, in the sight of certain persons, wishing to see and adore it, on day VI June of the same year MDCXLII: and before the said door as above closed and walled he had a certain wooden altar fitted, dedicated to the name of the said S. Juvenal by way of provision.

[23] And considering that in the same place the said holy body could rather suffer than be preserved; the cause of the new translation arises: therefore the said Most Illustrious and Rev. Lord Bishop, clad in cope and other accustomed sacred vestments, wishing the same holy body within the same capsules, in the same manner and form, as in them as above it had been closed, for its greater conservation, and for increasing the devotion of the people, especially of the said city, its holy Protector before almighty God, to extract, remove from the same place, to carry and have placed in the altar already constructed, adorned with polished and noble stones, behind the Confession likewise begun with polished and noble stones, beneath the major altar of the aforesaid church, and beneath the choir of the same church; about the middle hour of the night, with the aforesaid wooden altar first taken away, ordered and commanded Master John Anthony Fransono of Bavena ^b of the diocese of Novara, and the wall obstructing the door taken down, and Peter Flariama of Auximum, his Master's servant, that they should open the aforesaid place and entirely destroy the wall, as above in the said door of it made for closing the holy body of S. Juvenal, with present and assisting a great quantity of people, to this act of ^c unexpected devotion already gathered ^d, and present, and standing the very RR. Lords Canons and Presbyters and Cantors of the same church, all clad in surplice and other accustomed garments respectively, and also the Most Illustrious Lords Priors, Residing of the aforesaid city, namely Lord Vicar Piccinino, before many Notables, called for this, Lord Nicholas Germanellus, and Lord Vincent Donatus, and also the Excellent Lord Raphael Conestabilis, Lord Meus de Meis, Lord Antonio Brunellus, Lord Albert de Albertis, Lord Francis Lombardus, Excellent Lord Caelestinus Racanus, Exc. Lord Rominiacus Bonettus, Exc. Lord Paulus Saracenus and Exc. Lord Baldasar Carnuccia, respectively deputed of the Illustrious Numbers over the construction of the new chapel of S. Juvenal, and the translation of his holy body, called by the said Most Illustrious Lords Priors in fulfillment of the resolution held in the Most Illustrious ^e Cernita of the aforesaid city, celebrated on day XXI of the present month.

[24] And so Lord Mast. Peter immediately executed, and the aforesaid door opened, within the aforesaid place and near the same door was seen and very well recognized the aforesaid capsule, he carries it from its former place; covered with iron plate, there as above placed, by all standing by. And then the same capsule, thus closed, as above in the same place placed and found it had been, with the same Most Illustrious and Rev. Lord Bishop ordering and commanding, was extracted from the same place, and successively by some Presbyters by the work and help of the aforesaid Masters John Anthony and Peter, his servant, and others, with eight torches or ^f torcias of white wax lit going before in the hands of various secular persons, and accompanying the said Venerable Clergy, the Lords Priors deputed, and others as above gathered, was carried to the chapel and altar, as above constructed, behind the said Confession, and beneath the choir of the aforesaid church. And then the same Most Illustrious and Rev. Lord Bishop, and the new Confession beneath the choir consecrated with the customary ceremonies preceding, and the Clergy and Cantors alternately according to the requirements singing and responding; blessed and consecrated the tomb left and made on the rear part of the aforesaid altar, as above fabricated with polished stones, in the said chapel behind the aforesaid Confession, in which he had decided to place the said capsule with the holy body of S. Juvenal.

[25] This consecration completed, he ordered the same Mast. John Anthony and Peter, his servant, he orders it to be closed within it. that in the same tomb they should place and locate the aforesaid capsule, within which the aforesaid holy body of S. Juvenal had elsewhere and as above been placed and closed, from the said place, in which under the name of deposit as above it was preserved; and there carried and placed in the same tomb to be closed and made firm with all the congruities and necessaries already prepared for this effect; as the same Master John Anthony, by the work and help of the aforesaid Peter, and other masons there standing by and according to the order of the same Master John Anthony bringing all necessities, placed and located the said capsule as above covered on the outside with iron plate, in which had been closed the glorious body of the said S. Juvenal in the aforesaid tomb: and the same capsule left in its bottom, the same tomb he closed first with Tiburtine stone [g], commonly called Travertino, of length five and a half palms, of width one palm, and of height five inches, according to the measurement before all publicly received by the said Mast. John Anthony, having on the upper part two iron rings placed and leaded, to the effect that more easily the same Tiburtine stone could be removed and fitted, and behind the said stone toward the wall of the said Confession he placed a tablet of chestnut wood, commonly called ^h pontajolo of chestnut.

[26] With the said stone and wood made firm at the summit of the aforesaid tomb, and above an altar to be constructed, above the aforesaid capsule and above the said stone and wood, for greater and firmer closure, he placed, as is custom, lime mixed with pozzolana, as masons in walling are wont to do, and above the said lime bricks, commonly called mattoni di ⁱ mezzanelle, whole and broken respectively in that quantity, which could suffice to close all the empty space above the said stone and wood. And placed above to the form of a flat little square other lime, because not all the work of the aforesaid altar and tomb could be filled, considering the lateness of the hour; was all thus left: and the said Most Illustrious and Rev. Bishop divested himself of the sacred garments, and he and the universal people there existing returned home, with the intention however of perfecting the said altar, according to the order given by the said Most Illustrious and Rev. Lord Bishop to the same Mast. John Anthony, and for such perfection of placing and walling above the said altar, and the closure of the aforesaid capsule, within which, as above, is closed the said holy body of S. Juvenal; and that tomb's marble tablet already as is said worked, to the effect, to be consecrated on the next day. that the altar with the tomb in the upper part should be one and the same thing; so that between altar and tomb no difference should exist, and only the altar should be shown and appear: and these completed and reduced to good state, the said altar to be consecrated on the morrow, by the same Most Illustrious and Rev. Lord Bishop, for the greater and more decent veneration of the aforesaid glorious body of S. Juvenal Bishop and Martyr.

ANNOTATA.

CHAPTER V.

Description of the old chapel and the new Confession.

[27] In the Name of the Lord Amen. Let it be evidently clear and known to all everywhere by the present public Instrument, that in the year from the Nativity of the same Our Lord Jesus Christ one thousand six hundred sixty-first, In the year 1661 June 11 in the fourteenth indiction, on the day eleventh of the month of June, in the Pontificate of the Most Holy in Christ Father and Our Lord Lord Alexander, by divine providence Pope the seventh, in his seventh year, I a public Notary at present of the Most Illustrious Community, Secretary of the city of Narni, sent by the Most Illustrious Lords Priors residing of the same city, by force of the decree of the Illustrious Council on the venerable construction of the new chapel of S. Juvenal Martyr first Bishop, Secretary of the city, Apostle and Protector of the aforesaid city, celebrated on day eight of this, to the Cathedral church of the said city dedicated to the same Saint, to the effect of copying and transcribing, and reducing into the protocol of Instruments of the aforesaid Most Illustrious Community a certain inscription, anciently constructed and engraved on a certain marble stone, with the sign of the most holy Cross in the middle of the same stone, and two images of a lamb standing out, on this side and that of the same Cross looking mutually; I went to the aforesaid Cathedral church; together with the underwritten Lords witnesses.

[28] And near the altar of the most holy body of Christ at the corner of the Gospel, he inspects the old chapel toward the chapel of the Most Holy Crucifix, formerly called of S. Leonard, there is a most ancient chapel, called di Corpo sancto, with a perforated iron door, and behind the same was resting in a certain little crypt, by nature placed, the holy Body of the above-said S. Juvenal Martyr, in a certain stone capsa, occupying the whole said little crypt; and through a certain small window in the wall and at the corner of the Gospel of the altar of the said chapel, in which formerly the body of S. Juvenal was venerated, of width one palm and a quarter, and of height five-sixths of a palm with a grating of three irons: through which was venerated the said holy body by the faithful of Christ, as I myself most often venerated, before its removal made by the good memory of the Most Illustrious and Rev. Lord John Paul Bucciarellus, on day XVII April of the year MDCXLII, at that time Bishop of Narni; as the history of the two Holy Juvenales narrates printed at Rome at Francis Cavallus MDCXLVI without name of author with privilege, on folio 58. And in olden times S. Cassius prayed, and S. Cassius was wont to pray also Bishop of Narni, to the same Saint Juvenal, as Divine Gregory testified in homily 37 on the Gospels: where narrating the life of the said S. Cassius he says: While according to custom near the tomb of B. Juvenal the Martyr he was standing to offer sacrifice: as is narrated in the said history on folio 72 and 73.

[29] And above the door of the said chapel I found and there is a certain very ancient marble stone walled in, of length six palms of the cane less two fingers, and of height two palms with a half similar, the epitaph of which there in the old marble and at the extremities on several sides somewhat broken; on which are present the above-written sign of the holy Cross and the foretold two lambs, occupying almost the whole length of the same stone, signifying the insignia of the Rev. Chapter of the aforesaid Cathedral church: above which and on this side and that of the head of the above-written holy Cross, are present engraved on the same marble stone the underwritten words, placed by the same Divine Cassius in his life, he describes the epitaph. as the Most Eminent Cardinal Baronius noted in his Annotations to the Martyrology, and Caesar Franciotti in the life of the above-written S. Cassius, as in the same history aforesaid folio 73, by me from the same stone faithfully transcribed and copied word for word; adding nothing or subtracting whereby the truth of the matter and fact could be varied or vitiated, of the following tenor namely.

Cassius, by Christ's gift Bishop unworthily,

Here I restore to the earth my limbs, entrusted to me:

Whom anticipating by fate the most sweet partner of life,

Before my tomb in peace rests Fausta.

You I ask, whoever are present, remember us with kind prayer;

Knowing yourself about to receive all things befitting your deeds.

He sat 21 years, 9 months, 10 days, rested in peace

The day before the Kalends of July, after the Consulship of Basilius

A Most Distinguished Man in the 17th year.

[30] So far the Narnian Secretary. Baronius however in the notes on June XXIX correctly: These words after the Carmen, We the year 1660 December 22 passing through Narni, he sat XXI years, IX months, X days, rested in peace on the day before the Kalends of July, after the Consulship of Basilius the Most Distinguished Man in the year XVII, are certain to have been added after the death of Cassius. But this is numbered the year of the Lord 558, the thirty-second of the Emperor Justinian. Thus Baronius, which will need to be illustrated more fully on the day of S. Cassius himself; besides whose wife, we are not compelled to recognize any S. Fausta, who died as Martyr, and at Narni at some time had her own cult; although now the Narnians believe this, as we have seen ourselves: for it pleases here to describe what we, going to Rome, and tarrying at Narni for a while, while the horses tired by the climb breathed a little, in passing indeed and hastily, yet not altogether negligently, noted in our tablets on day XXII December of the year MDCLX.

[31] From Terni, where in the morning we had mounted horses hired up to Rome, with an easy way used up to Narni, we had to climb a plainly arduous path: for the whole city hangs from the slope of the mountain. Here with the horses dismissed for a while, we saw the old chapel of S. Juvenal, we ascended to the Cathedral temple, which laterally adjoins the forum: in which a sufficiently copious fountain, of ample and beautiful work. The temple is moreover old and obscure, but ample. There on the right side we saw and entered the old chapel, all of marble, in which no light from the sun, but copious lamps were said to have once burned. Here under the altar, in the form of a small crypt, we saw the earth excavated, whence the holy body was taken out. On the right side was empty the tomb of the first elevation with this inscription: D. O. M. In this empty tomb, which you now behold, the body of S. Juvenal the Bishop once rested: hence to the major altar most honorably entombed, beneath in the chapel Narni cultivates, venerates. Then were painted twin images, in which were painted SS. Cassius and Fausta, namely on the wall, of more recent work as it seemed, and so before not many years: of S. Cassius with this distich:

Here once Juvenal the Pastor lay in the ark,

To whom weeping Cassius poured forth prayers with his mouth.

And of S. Fausta the Virgin and Martyr, with the following distich:

This citizen Virgin, then Martyr Fausta, revisited:

You ought to revisit this also, Narnia, frequent in heart.

[32] Hence turning toward the choir we approached the new Confession, whose fame, as a thing most worthy of seeing, communicated to us by the Most Illustrious Julius Henry Baron de Blum, and the new Confession before the choir, then the most intimate Counsellor of the Most Eminent Elector of Mainz, now of His Sacred Caesarian Majesty in the royal tribunal of Appeals at Prague Senator, had especially impelled us to dismount from the horses and enter this temple. We therefore beheld with pleasure and admiration the greatest work, indeed not yet completed, but far greater than our expectation; whose marble front extends partly over the foundations of the choir, standing higher above the common pavement of the temple, partly is depressed beneath the floor of the pavement itself as deeply as the floor of the crypt or lower choir is depressed, coextensive with the upper one drawn around in a hemicycle, so that the earth excavated before the front of the Confession in the figure of another half circle, before the sanctuary about to adore gives ample space, to which one descends by marble steps; and lest from on high to one looking down danger of falling be offered, it is precluded by a marble notable peristyle, with the peristyle of the choir elegantly continued, and around the topmost edge of the aforementioned space carried around. The majesty of this work moreover, after to it was added an altar, with its Conopaeum constructed above, whose now completed image is exhibited. rival of Vatican magnificence, that to be estimated with their own eyes the Most Illustrious Chapter of Narni might subject to us, with the Most Illustrious Lord Canon Ludovico Bonetti suggesting it, the most accurate delineation has sent to us, and the necessary expenses of caring for the sculpture: wherefore since here it is permitted to see it expressed in copper, I cease to pursue individual things in words; and only for the sake of explanation I add; that through the door which is here seen in the middle place, entrance is given into the Sacristy, within which in place of the altar stands the marble ark, containing the sacred bones of S. Juvenal. It once stood elevated, in that place where you now see the altar, indeed it itself was for an altar, on the one part where it looked at the people in the form of a tomb with bosom swelling protruding; on the other where the surrounding Clergy, plain for the convenience of the celebrant. But the plan being changed afterwards as it appears, it pleased to set up the sanctuary under the vault sustaining the choir, and there to send down the aforesaid ark; with the stone with which it is covered drawn out into a cone, and crowned above with palms and mitre erected, but a new altar, which you see in the picture, to set up; just as in the Vatican Confession of SS. Peter and Paul the altar erected above, does not contain the bodies themselves of the Holy Apostles, but stands above the Sacristy containing them. What in the front of the same Confession you see here and there gratings of twin cabinet doors, you should know to enclose many and various relics, in their individual cases arranged in fitting order. After these and that which I have called the Sanctuary, beneath the choir extends a crypt coextensive with the same, and on each side of the Confession has its doors, through which it admits those entering to that more secret part; into which is also given to enter from outside through two little doors: and between these a huge orbicular window, copiously illuminates the place, subject to the choir and separated from the front temple by the interposed Confession.