Paulinus

ON SAINT PAULINUS,

BISHOP OF SENIGALLIA IN ITALY.

Paulinus, Bishop of Senigallia in Italy (S.)

G. H.

Senigallia a city Episcopal of the Duchy of Urbino, on the shore of the Adriatic sea, midway almost between Pesaro and Ancona, venerates on this IV of May S. Paulinus the Bishop, as Patron its, with an Ecclesiastical Office through an Octave deduced, as indicates Ferrarius in the General Catalogue; who besides in the Catalogue of the Saints of Italy these things writes: Saint Paulinus the Bishop, although the Acts of him are wanting, the greatest has among the people of Senigallia veneration: for his birthday on this day with the highest celebrity they keep with an Octave, as of their city the chief Tutelary: whose Relics most religiously preserved they have. The time in which he was among men not could be found: and then in an Annotation these things he adds. This from Paulinus of Nola diverse we believe, both that on diverse days are celebrated their Birthdays, and the bodies in their cities exist; and that while we were at Senigallia, in that city's Annals or Chronicles MS. we read, S. Paulinus Bishop of Senigallia to have been. These things Ferrarius. Meanwhile Ferdinand Ughelli volume 2 of Italia sacra describing the Bishops of Senigallia not mentions S. Paulinus: whom in the Poetic Martyrology Nicolaus Brautius with this distich honors: Paulinus the holy Senigallia was wont as a Father, and Patron pious to sanctify its own. Of another Paulinus, who at Cologne Agrippina on this also day is venerated, now about to treat, we wonder what of cause they had cities so distant, that to their own each Saint both the same day they dedicated: but by a vehement suspicion we are moved, that of one or the other the name, in some old Martyrology on such a day found, of the other's cult hither also to be referred gave occasion.

ON SAINT PAULINUS

DEACON, MARTYR AT COLOGNE.

Paulinus the Deacon, Martyr at Cologne (S.)

G. H.

The ancient Martyrology, at Cologne and Lübeck in the year MCCCCX printed, from this Saint begins with these words: On the fourth Nones of May, at Cologne Agrippina, Martyrdom and cult, in the church of S. Cæcilia, the birthday of B. Paulinus the Deacon and Martyr, whose head by an iron mallet for Christ crushed is recognized, and his brain together with pious blood patiently to have poured out. Which same has Greven in the Auctarium, in the year MDXV and MDXXI printed. There follow the Author of the MS. Florarium, Molanus, Galesinius, Canisius with the present Roman Martyrology. And these about the cult and martyrdom are sufficiently certain. Gelenius, book 3 on the Magnitude of Cologne Agrippinensis Syntagma XI §2, where of the sacred Treasure of the collegiate church of S. Cæcilia, these things number 2 writes: S. Paulinus Levite and Martyr, of the old silver tomb of S. Evergislus enclosed, with brightness eternal shines in the heavens, and on earth glows with the glory of miracles, Burial, of whose frequency by his diploma testifies in the year MCCLXI Conrad Archbishop of Cologne. These things there. Of miracles no further memory exists; Conrad's diploma still is found, of which a copy procured for us R. P. James Martini, of our Society a Priest and of Metaphysics Professor at Cologne, in the year MDCLXXVI: it is moreover of this kind tenor:

[2] Conrad by the grace of God of the Holy Cologne Church Archbishop, through Italy Archchancellor, to all the faithful of Christ the present letters about to inspect salvation in the true saving One. Rom. 14, 10 Since, as says the Apostle, all we shall stand before the tribunal of Christ, about to receive according as in the body we have done, whether good it was or evil: it behooves us the day of the last reaping, by the noonday's works to anticipate, and of the eternal in view to sow on the earth, what the Lord rendering with multiplied fruit to gather again we may be able in the heavens, and a firm confidence holding, since who sparingly sow, sparingly also shall reap; and who sow in blessings, of blessings also shall reap life

eternal. When therefore the beloved in Christ Abbot and Convent of the church of S. Cæcilia of Cologne, to the praise of God and B. Mary ever virgin, in honor of the most blessed Paulinus the glorious Martyr, the miracles by Conrad the Archbishop attested, through whom God infinite in our times has deigned to work miracles, a chapel within their church to build have begun with a sumptuous work, and to the completion of that work their own to them suffice not the faculties; your universality we ask and exhort in Christ the Lord, to you for the remission of sins enjoining, that of the goods to you by God conferred pious alms and grateful for these of charity to them subsidies you should give; that through your subvention the said work may be able to be completed, and you through these and other goods which God inspiring you shall have done, to the of eternal felicity joys may be able to come. We moreover of almighty God's mercy confiding, His helpers all truly penitent, those who a hand to this shall have extended helping, one year and one carena of the penance enjoined them mercifully we relax: provided that this letter from the place of the church remembered to a place other through questors for the cause of begging in no wise be carried: it if this shall have been done, to lack force we decreeing. Given at Cologne XIII Kalends of October, in the year of the Lord MCCLXI.

[3] In the same as Conrad century flourished Ægidius of Orval a monk, who in his to Harigerus the Abbot Additions on the Bishops of Tongeren chapter 13 these things has: In the said church of B. Cæcilia in most recent times was found the Body glorious of B. Paulinus the Martyr, Whether he was a disciple of S. Maternus. disciple of S. Maternus, who on account of the preaching and faith of Christ in the said city of Cologne with martyrdom merited to be crowned. Hermann Fleystangefol, in the Annals of the Westphalian Circle in the year MDCXL in German edited, the said Paulinus reckons the second Bishop of Cologne, and S. Maternus to have succeeded in the year CXXX, and him in the year CLXX of martyrdom the palm to have obtained. and a Bishop? The same of his Episcopate judges Hermann Crumbach, in his to us letters given in the year MDCLXXIII.

[4] But the cited Gelenius plainly contrary thinks in this manner: Hand down very many of our elders, by some rashly is said a Martyr under Constantine Copronymus, S. Paulinus to be Emperor Constantine Copronymus in the year of Christ DCCL reigning the highest impiety, by a happy exchange, the of secular soldiery belt laid down, of the Levites the Ecclesiastical roll inscribed, when in the church first he sang the Gospel, in a dove's appearance sitting was seen to have the holy Spirit. Thence by command of the most monstrous Emperor the nostrils cut off, the eyes torn out, with pitch and sulphur melted in a horrendous manner poured over, a rope to the feet bound, through the city most cruelly dragged was, and at length when the head with a mallet had been bruised, the brain poured out and dispersed, to heaven the soul he breathed forth. who to Peter de Natalibus is Paulus, These things there of his deeds and martyrdom: but which all word for word are taken from Peter de Natalibus book 6 chapter 69, treating, not of Paulinus the Deacon, but of Paulus the Leader of soldiery, which names to be confounded, and confounded the names not to be distinguished the persons, also from the consequent appears.

[5] For when confesses Crumbach, much than Gelenius more diligent and more faithful a witness, not to be known, when and by whom the said Paulinus the Constantinopolitan was to Cologne translated; he himself Gelenius in this manner the body brought says: Who B. Paulinus our this, a Constantinopolitan hand down, assert also his body, after years from the martyrdom one hundred twenty and two, by divine revelation detected, to the monastery of the Carmonians, then to Venice into the sacred church of S. George brought, and gratuitously is feigned translated from Venice to Cologne at length by the Princes Germans Italy triumphing brought to the Ubii. The same of his Paulus says Peter de Natalibus, which all (as by Fortunatus Olmus edited and illustrated they exist) we shall give on the day VIII of July, when Paulus at Venice is venerated, where his body even now to be kept most certainly is believed. Never the German Princes, which Gelenius assumes, so triumphed over Italy, that the Venetians' city into their power they reduced; nor these are read anywhere into of external Princes cult so to have been profuse, that any of those holy bodies, which across the sea brought their city with the greatest zeal they fortified, to anyone they donated. And so not we shall fear those whom Gelenius followed himself his elders says, of too great credulity to argue, and to say rashly by them assumed some of a near name Martyr, since another not was found: and to his Martyrdom, in Peter narrated, to have added of the head the bruising with a mallet made: which only of Paulinus was known, of Paulus not is read. Of him moreover we say with the aforecited Gelenius: These however they may have, and of whatever he was S. Paulinus, certain he is of the Ubii among the Powers above the Patrons of the ancient Church a Patron, and in the Martyrologies on the fourth of May day known, more known in the of eternal life book.

ON S. NICEPHORUS THE CONFESSOR

HEGUMEN OF MEDICIUM IN BITHYNIA.

A.D. DCCCXIV

Nicephorus, Confessor, Hegumen of Medicium in Bithynia (S.)

BY THE AUTHOR G. H.

[1] The monastery of Medicium by S. Nicephorus, of whom here we treat, constructed was in the century of Christ eighth, in Bithynia's part maritime at the Propontis, not far from Prusa a city most known, as on the Life of S. Nicetas III April we said: from which a few things I excerpt. He admits S. Nicetas, And first number 8. Came Nicetas to this of Medicium monastery, infrequent still, and under the rule of the most holy our Father Nicephorus, who it had founded, constituted. By him when to be received he had asked, seeing the most discreet Pastor, and from the habit and gesture knowing, him to himself useful to be, gladly received and into his own flock inserted. Then number 10, 11 and 12. and ordained, a Presbyter sets over the monastery, So diligent Nicetas and prompt to all things the Prelate Nicephorus beholding, although not yet the fifth in the monastery year he had completed, to the Presbyterate's grade to be promoted he judged. To this moreover he was ordained by the hands of great that Tarasius, who the Patriarchal of the city of Constantinople throne with many adorned virtues: and soon the administration of the monastery, although unwilling, committed by S. Nicephorus was …

[2] What moreover as to virtue was our Father most holy Nicetas, such also, who the place after him second should hold to him to subject the Lord of all took care. Athanasius, I say, he joins to him, Athanasius, a man reverend and admirable.. Such moreover when he was by the holy Fathers our to this our monastery was invited, and by the renowned Nicephorus persuaded, to the most holy our Father Nicetas second to be joined. There were therefore both heart one and soul one in diverse bodies, in a tranquil state holding all things: and they by S. Nicephorus directed ruled the whole brotherhood, and in both as much among themselves mutually as of their own with the President by charity were bound indissoluble, under his direction, so that no ever among them contention, none existed disputation. Moreover number 23 the death of Athanasius is indicated, and is added n. 24. Our Father indeed Nicetas by this kind of separation not a little afflicted, doubled thenceforth the burden labored, watching for the Brethren's utility. Then not much after died also the common Father Nicephorus: who all his possessions to God consecrating, this monastery, Divine grace co-operating, had founded: whom God and men had honored and loved, on account of his notable mind's moderation.

[3] The end moreover of life obtained also he himself on the day fourth of May: whose festivity, that solemnly yearly should be kept, the holy Father our Nicetas, his own disciple, by a decree sanctioned. We were asking moreover him all that the name likewise and consecration of Hegumen he should receive: for as long as in life Nicephorus had been, it to receive he had refused … But by a force a certain applied as much by us as by friends and other Fathers, to be compelled he was the ordination and appellation of Hegumen to accept: that moreover to him by the imposition of hands conferred S. Nicephorus, who then the Patriarchal seat at Constantinople held. Thus far excerpted from the Life of S. Nicetas the successor, written by Theosterictus the disciple, nor do we doubt but that also the Life of S. Nicephorus by the same or another was written; Add the Synaxaria, from which only hitherto we have obtained some Eulogies, such as that which on this day has the Menology of Basil Porphyrogenitus the Emperor, and is of this kind.

[4] On the same day the memory of S. Nicephorus the Hegumen of the monastery of Medicium. The holy Nicephorus lived in the times of the iconomachs. Still moreover a boy when with Christ's love he burned, and the heresy greatly increased he saw; the world left and all which of the world are, a monk made he withdrew into the mountains, and led a life tranquil, to prayers and fasts daily giving himself, and to God for the public of the world's quiet and concord his prayers offering. under Leo the Armenian shut in prison in it to have died: Then the heresy a little stilled, by the unanimous of the monks suffrage elected he was Hegumen of the monastery of Medicium. But this again plague growing fresh, and the heresy resuscitated under Leo the impious Emperor, from his flock expelled he was, as the sacred images' veneration and of the holy Fathers the precepts adhering; and to bitter hardships subjected, into the most bitter prison thrust he was: where as the most brave athlete, whatever to the soul brought pernicious error he overthrew, and to Christ, whom always he loved, he emigrated. These things in the said Menology, which on this day are read in the MS. Menaea of Chifflet, and the following day V of May in the MS. Synaxarion of Clermont.

[5] From which all is clear the time, in which flourished and departed S. Nicephorus, namely under the iconomachs the prior, not so much under Leo the Isaurian, as his son Constantine Copronymus. Then under their son Leo the Chazar, and he dead under Irene the widow and son Constantine: under whom when had begun to flourish again the orthodox religion, was held a Synod Oecumenical Nicene the second in the year DCCLXXXVII, and restored the cult of images, and peace to the Church given. which with a death before the year 815 undergone But this enduring in the monastery of Medicium by him founded was made Hegumen, he admitted S. Nicetas, and him took care a Presbyter to be ordained by S. Tarasius Patriarch of Constantinople, dead in the year DCCCVI on the day XXV of February, on which his Life we gave. To Tarasius succeeded in the same year S. Nicephorus, whose Acts we illustrated on the day XIII of March: this one moreover S. Nicetas from the death of Nicephorus Hegumen constituted. Moreover from the adjoined eulogies it is certain that Nicephorus the Hegumen survived even to the Empire of Leo the Armenian, crowned by S. Nicephorus the Patriarch on XXI of July in the year DCCCXIII, to whom he hateful seems to have been; and ejected into exile, with difficulty is reconciled. in prison to have died in the year DCCCXIV; so that could Nicetas in that year be constituted Hegumen, before S. Nicephorus the Patriarch was ejected into exile, which was done on the day XIV of February of the year DCCCXV. But against these last things, from the eulogies taken, a scruple some moves to us Theosterictus, so accurately

describing the death of S. Nicephorus, and his day, and the festivity begun to be celebrated, without any mention of such an exile. The scruple moreover is augmented from that, that Leo the Armenian at once from his coronation did not move a persecution, but in the year only of the Empire the second, just as is shown March 12 before the Acts of S. Theophanes the Confessor number 12; whence a vehement arises fear lest the exile, for the cause of the images endured, and the death in it undergone, from Nicephorus the Patriarch to Nicephorus the Hegumen, by the compilers of the Synaxaria rashly transferred was: which more certainly could be defined, if the greater Hegumen Nicephorus's Acts at some time were drawn forth into light.