Onesimus

13 May · passio

ON SAINT ONESIMUS

BISHOP OF SOISSONS IN GAUL.

ABOUT A.D. CCCLX

Preface

Onesimus, Bishop of Soissons in Gaul (St.)

G. H.

Augusta of the Soissons, an Episcopal city of Gaul,

on the left bank of the river Aisne, among the more ancient

Bishops of its See is venerated on this day

St. Onesimus, of whom in first place in his Martyrology

Blessed Rabanus, in the ninth century of Christ Archbishop of Mainz,

thus mentions: Third of the Ides of May, the festivity

of St. Onesimus the Confessor. Sacred cult But it is called natalis in Usuard

MS. of the Queen of Sweden. Of him these things write the Sammarthani in

Gallia Christiana: The seventh Bishop St. Onesimus is reported to have lived

up to the year of Christ CCCLX, dying III Ides

of May. He rests in the church of St. George the Martyr, outside

the confines of the city of Soissons, on this side of the river Aisne

in the fisc of Crouy, in the village which afterward by the name of St. Medard

is held distinguished: thus reports an old MS. Thus

the Sammarthani. The said old MS. indeed, but yet

written many ages below the age of the Saint himself, of the life,

death and burial of St. Onesimus, Life from MSS. copied with his hand from

the Legendary of the monastery of Long-Pont of the Cistercian Order,

and sent to us in the year MDCLXVI Lord Muldrac, the elder

of Long-Pont: which we here publish. That writing seems

to have been written before the sacred Relics had been carried elsewhere: of which

deportation the said Sammarthani write: that his Relics

from the monastery of St. Medard were translated to Donchery, near

Sedan, a member of the same Abbey, were

translated. Whatever may be of this translation, of which elsewhere

we find no trace, the Douai people assert, that three

sacred bodies of SS. Amatus Archbishop of Sens,

St. Onesimus Bishop of Soissons, translation of the body to Douai. and Gurdinellus

the Confessor, after the persecution of the Normans was extinguished,

from Soissons were translated about

the year of the Lord DCCCXCVI, and even now are preserved

in the noble collegiate of St. Amatus. Thus Arnoldus Rayssius

of Douai in Hierogazophylacium Belgicum. From these

St. Amatus is venerated on the Ides of September, dying at Broyles near

St. Mauront, and thence translated to Douai, as is said

in the Life of St. Mauront V May, and St. Rictrudis XII May.

St. Gurdinellus is venerated XVI October. Of this and

St. Onesimus the bodies from Soissons alone translated relate

others. The cultus of the same St. Onesimus among the Douai people

is also testified by Molanus, in the Additions to Usuard

and in the Natalia Sanctorum Belgii, with a long eulogy from

the Life; Miræus in the Belgian Fasti, Canisius in the German

Martyrology, Saussaius in the Gallican, Galesinius, Ferrarius

and others.

LIFE

From a MS. Codex of Long-Pont.

Onesimus, Bishop of Soissons in Gaul (St.)

BHL Number: 6333

FROM A MS.

[1] In the solemnities of the holy Fathers, in divine

praises it befits us to be assiduously engaged: for to

this purpose on festival days human leisures are indulged,

that the obeisances of immortality may more diligently be sought.

Therefore let mind, He is held as Patron.

senses, and tongue resound the confession of praise to Christ,

while the annual solemnities of the most blessed Fathers are

recalled, especially of those whose sacred presences we celebrate.

Therefore there is at hand for us, dearest, the natal

day of our Patron St. Onesimus: of whose life's deeds

or miracles, although either consumed by the great oldness of times,

or by the sloth of writers not handed down to the recollection of posterity;

yet among the chief

Confessors his most celebrated memory is held perpetually.

Which could not be done, unless in the eternal foreknowledge of God

it had been predestined: for those whom he

with highest wisdom before the foundation of the world foreknew,

these also to the praise and glory of his name predestined

his clemency. piously brought up B. Onesimus therefore obtained mercy

and the grace of blessing, because in his

times he wrought justice. Indeed in

the years of adolescence he began to be devoted to God, and

to all the supernal homeland of life with all desires to pant.

Against the incentives of vices also he learned to act manfully,

so that with freer mind he could enter the way of virtues gladly.

Then promoted to the lot of the Clericate, he receives sacred Orders:

step by step he ascended the grades of sacred Orders.

But since the vice of pride is wont to insinuate itself frequently into the works

of the just, with the greatest difficulty of fear,

he received the ministry of the altar.

[2] No small annoyance was upon the holy servant of God,

that still the vain sect of Gentile superstition

had claimed almost all the borders of Soissons.

For still in the valley of Soissons the tender infancy

of the nascent church was sprouting forth, as the more ancient monuments of the Annals

hand down. For it is read that

the happy course of martyrdom completed, after the souls

of SS. Crispinus and Crispinianus the martyrs sought

the palace of heaven, in vision they approached the Roman Pontiff, after the martyrdom of SS. Crispinus and Crispinianus,

and that as a most vigilant Pastor to the seats of Soissons

as soon as possible he should direct, evidently they admonish, who

should both win the people acquired for God, and the Church

made fruitful with new offspring with the food of the word should nourish and

with the foundation of faith should solidify. Soon the holy Roman

Bishop, certain of the oracle, religious for his office,

with the grace of Apostolic blessing exalted the venerable Sixtus,

and the Bishops St. Sixtus, and him to be made head as Bishop in the Church of Soissons

he directed. Into which city having entered the happy successor

of the aforementioned Martyrs, he entered upon happy

labors. Sinitius, But because according to the voice of the Gospel he saw

the regions whitening for harvest, Sinitius of his Soissons

diocese he consecrated Bishop: but he himself

the great metropolis of Reims with the office of preaching

penetrated, and the Church of Reims under the Prefect

Christ as the b first Pastor undertook to govern. Where

acting assiduously the things of God, he obtained both by passion and by faith

the college of the aforementioned Martyrs. His footsteps

with equal faith and the same devotion having followed Sinitius,

St. Divitianus, in similar order c St. Divitianus he constituted

Bishop of the Soissons people, St. Divitianus, and he himself in the Reims chair was placed,

lest by the labor of his Master Sixtus the people acquired for God

should be endangered. and 3 others, Not much later, St. Divitianus from mortal life

removed, Rufinus the Pontifical infulae received,

whom Filanus succeeded, then d Mercorinus, in the Episcopate

completing the senary number of his offices, already filled with sevenfold

grace, into the ministry of preaching for himself beloved

he attached Onesimus. And rightly Onesimus into

the house of the Lord is taken up as minister of the word, from that e Onesimus

disciple of the Apostle Paul nowhere degenerate,

of whom among other things to Philemon he writes, that he had committed

to him the word of preaching, and Bishop of the Ephesians

had ordained. He was meanwhile being heard by the hidden

judgment of divinity, lest anything should be lacking to the soon-to-be

Apostolic Pontiff: he is created Bishop, and in wonderful manner the people in the cult of God

through the holy man was kindled, daily by him

illuminated by miracles and teachings. Why do I delay with more things?

Mercorinus closes the last day of life:

Onesimus by one voice all demand: there is

a common voice of joy in the people, by which in choosing him

unanimously is acclaimed God's servant.

Are completed in the Elect of God the divine duties, according to the institutes of Ecclesiastical

sanction: a solemn day is appointed in

dense crowds up to the horn of the altar, in which by his sharers

Onesimus is consecrated with the oil of divine unction.

The face of Onesimus is gladdened in the oil of sanctification,

since in the brilliance of mind through the manifestation of the holy

Spirit, to interpellate God for the salvation of the people,

he is taken up as mediator.

[3] he destroys the idols, O truly happy Church, which is undertaken to be governed by so great a Pastor!

happy also the sons, who merit so great

Now Soissons puts off her wild necks under so great a Pastor

with sweet royal yoke, and of the Evangelical law accepts

the light burden: over which previously the right of the demoniac

power had ruled. From the foundations they overthrow the altars of the false Gods,

who before content with vain religion, were worshipping the simulacra

of demons. Everywhere are destroyed the shrines of the Pagans,

and from everywhere the illustrious stigmata of the holy Cross are preached.

To the baptism of the Church in flocks flows together

the throng of believers, he plants the faith. that with the remission of sins received

it may proceed, whitened by the salutary fountain of the laver. The way of the commandments

of God Onesimus ran with the other Saints,

so that we also informed by his examples through the same way

may know to run: of spiritual charisms of virtues

by the grace of God he not only deserved, but in the same virtues

while he lived nobly knew how to use. To whomever

in the anguish of tribulation he succoured, and

to those affected with whatever calamity he applied the help of his consolation:

for what to himself, he helps all: this without doubt

he expended on all others. Foreign damages as if his own

discomforts he lamented, and so the losses of others

bore many increases of virtues for him

through the offices of charity. Everywhere is made an innumerable concourse

of people, where the arrival of the highest Pontiff is awaited.

[4] Gifts of health are not delayed for the sick, where the heavenly

physician deigns to lay his hand through his servant.

All without distinction are received, and to all

with prevenient grace help is given. To the blind indeed

long denied lights become open, accessible become to the deaf the long-lasting

cloisters of deafness, he is famous for miracles: the tongue of the mute heavenly loosed through

the Saint perfectly knows how to bring forth perfect words, and even

the maimed in the agility of work in the presence of the man of God are altogether

made fit: the unclean spirit from the possessed

withdrew, often expelled by the help of his intercession.

Whatever weakness of the people came to the holy man,

prompt for the better to heal divine virtue through his servant

restored. So great therefore signs of miracles

the order of just necessity demanded, on account of

the tender infancy of the nascent Church in the valley of Soissons:

for signs are given to unbelievers, not to believers.

Yet in all the holy servant of God had the keeper

of humility as the greatest virtue: he loves God: who if ever outside himself

he did strong things, preferred to be hidden within himself, lest captured by human

opinion he should be carried over himself. For such

prerogatives of merits he ascended the height of perfection,

and nothing in this world wished to seek, but

ardently with desires for his Creator to gape. To him

he panted incessantly, to whom with devout mind everywhere

he had clung: because he had taken wings as

a dove, by which he could fly to the heavenly things and

rest. Therefore he truly loved God, whose precepts

with all his heart he kept. Whence it happened, that loving

he sought, whom seeking he found; lest from his

love he could be torn even in temptation, when even in

affliction he was inflamed.

[5] he suffers adversities: O how many injuries and reproaches, in the midst of the depraved and perverse

people, where he dwelt, he endured! O how many

crosses he undertook for himself, who in his body the flux

of luxury he could subdue! For without iron, long

martyrdom in his members he endured, that what

the shedding of blood had not conferred, the prolonged

vexation of the members in the wearing of the scourge might confer. The first contest

for him had been in great tenacity of food and drink, that with proclaimed

parsimony in both, as it were without Ceres and Liber,

Venus might grow cold. Pale was the face he drew from too many fastings,

and constant in vigils was his mind, and his soul devoted to God

was at leisure for prayers. It happened at length, that

his exit from this world drew near, and he should take the triumph

of glory over the conquered enemy, and to his King

with the palm of victory should come, piously dies: who never

in his battle knew how to turn his back. For as much

as it pleased God, he happily administered the office of his Pontificate:

and so struck with bodily affliction, until

the last times of his life he was led. Secure

therefore he awaited the Judge, whom with all desire he had

awaited as coming; and who him, from the consideration of humanity,

not long afterwards would transfer to the contemplation

of his divinity. Therefore prevented by languor,

from divine praises he ceased not; and his term

of course completed, with bitter pain even unto death he was

seized; and full of days, the spirit demanded by divine

works to Christ he rendered f. With safe faith

we believe, that in the obsequies of so great a Pontiff the obeisances

of Angels were not lacking: who his holy soul,

removed from the flesh, from labor to rest, from earthly things

would transfer to heavenly.

[6] But he was buried in the church of St. George the Martyr

Aisne in the fisc of Crouy, in the village, which afterwards

by the name of St. Medard is held named and distinguished.

Many in his transit appeared signs of miracles,

and to his tomb the sick often come, he is buried in the church of St. George, that

they may bring back the desired remedies of their health: and so they return

with joy, those who oppressed by the anguish of any infirmity

offer themselves to the heavenly physician. All which things to the praise

of him are done, by whose gift the Saints exist as wonderful:

who while from him they receive the fullness of grace,

with perfection cohere with justice. Of which fullness

the blessed Confessor and Bishop Onesimus in

the heavenly court with Angelic spirits exults: and

what here he acquired in journey, there without doubt he obtained

in arrival. For now among the supernal

citizens he shines, and among the fiery stones of the diadem of the King

eternal as a precious gem he sparkles. Now in the supernal

court of that Divine majesty he enjoys the presence, he is invoked by the Author. in

which the Cherubim and Seraphim desire to look incessantly

burning. With due praises therefore his solemnities

let us celebrate, and let us diligently embrace his presence

of body, who while he lived was the vessel and habitation

of the holy Spirit. Let us at length implore his pious

suffrages, that worthy remedies for the languors of our souls

he may bring; and so let him with us in the present

ask earnestly to live blessedly, that in the heavenly things we may merit

eternally to assist, to the praise and glory of the holy

and undivided Trinity and inseparable Unity:

whose virtue, honor and dominion remains without end

forever and ever. Amen.

ANNOTATIONS.

ON MANY HOLY MARTYRS

KILLED AT ALEXANDRIA.

A.D. CCCLXXII

Preface

Many Martyrs, killed at Alexandria (SS.)

G. H.

In the tablets of the present-day Roman Martyrology

is set forth on this XIII, as proper

to Alexandria, the commemoration of many

Holy Martyrs, who for the Catholic

faith by the Arians in the church of Theonas were killed.

How great a persecution from these Arians St. Athanasius Bishop of Alexandria

bore, we have at length set forth on

the day of his birthday, which is the second of this month. His successor

in the Episcopate was Peter, partaker of his sweats,

at home and abroad an assiduous companion, and of every kind of dangers

with him experienced, and a defender of the true and orthodox faith.

But the Rector of the province, given over to the cult of idols,

a band of Gentiles and Jews having been gathered, the enclosures

of the Church surrounded, ordered Peter the Bishop to go out, threatening

otherwise to expel him unwilling. The admirable

Peter therefore, perceiving the unexpected war, secretly

went out; and having boarded a ship set out for Rome.

In whose place Lucius the Arian was brought in, when

he saw that the truly orthodox Alexandrian people

were abstaining from the assemblies of the Arians; having worshippers

of idols in place of attendants, some he tore with blows,

others he shut in prisons, others he forced to flight,

even devastated the homes of others in barbaric fashion.

These things Theodoret, Bishop of Cyrus, indicates in book 4 of the Ecclesiastical

History chapter 21, adding that Peter the Bishop better commemorates

all these things in an epistle, which he interwove into his work

chapter 22, and which cited in the Notes by Baronius we hence give.

The same persecution mentioned by St. Gregory of Nazianzus,

Rufinus, Socrates, Sozomen, Theophanes, whom below

we shall report.

EPISTLE OF PETER BISHOP OF ALEXANDRIA.

Many Martyrs, killed at Alexandria (SS.)

EPISTLE OF BISHOP PETER.

CHAPTER I.

Sacred Virgins ravished, killed. Various insolences.

[1] The Rector of the province a Palladius, of the Gentile sect

and a constant worshipper of idols, the Prefect Palladius bursting into the church who for war

against Christ to be carried often had exercised himself, having gathered

a multitude made an attack on the Church, just

as if to subjugate Barbarians he were hastening. Then

indeed most foul deeds were perpetrated; which when

I myself wished to relate, so great pain to me

did the recollection of them bring, that a huge abundance of tears

I shed: and in that state I would have remained very long,

unless by divine reflection I had repressed my grief.

For the crowd having entered into the Church, which they

call b Theonas, in place of grave words the praises

of idols they sang: after obscene words, in place of the reading of the sacred Scriptures

unseemly clappings of hands, and broken with obscenity

voices they used: such finally

reproaches against the Virgins of Christ, which not even the tongue

bears to bring forth: for foul is the very utterance.

Certainly of intelligent men whoever these things only

heard, immediately stopped his ears, and chose rather to be deaf

than to hear the obscenity of those with his ears.

But would that they had been content with words and so had erred,

nor exceeded the petulance of words by the very deeds.

For insults, however great they may be, are tolerable

to those, in whom the wisdom of Christ and divine

commandments reside. But these, the sacred Virgins are led naked through the city. as vessels of wrath prepared

for destruction, with extended nose emitting a foul sound through the nostrils,

and trumpets, so to speak, and pipes from afar emitting,

tore the garments of the holy Virgins of Christ:

whose continence the likeness of the holy Angels

expressed: and them naked, just as they were born,

through the whole city they led, petulantly mocking

them, as it pleased them: and all things were

altogether cruel and unheard of. they are ravished and killed, But if anyone on account of

these things seized by compassion, wished to hinder them and with words to admonish them,

wounded he went away. But, O calamitous matter!

many, while their heads were beaten with cudgels, remained

lifeless. And not even the bodies were permitted to be committed

to burial. Many bodies certainly, with great

grief of the parents, until now cannot be found.

[2] But why do I pursue small and light things, if compared

with greater? Why do I delay with these, or do I not

rather hasten to those things which press? in which you will admire,

I well know, the clemency of the Lord; and with us

astonished long you will remain, and stupefied, that the universe

he did not overwhelm. an effeminate boy dances on the altar, For things which were not done

nor heard in the days of our fathers, as Scripture says,

these on the very altar the impious perpetrated. For

as on the platform of a wanton stage; a boy, who

had abjured the male sex and affected female,

his eyes painted with stibium and anointed, just as

the simulacra of those have wont to have, in feminine habit on

the very holy altar, where we invoke the coming of the Holy Spirit,

they made him dance, with loosened motion, hither and thither his hands

throwing about and gesticulating, themselves laughing immoderately

and emitting nefarious voices. Indeed even

this they thought looked toward lasciviousness, another naked harangues against Christ. and the past decorums

rather than impieties they esteemed, a certain one

of their number of most known foulness, who together with

his garment had put off shame, naked just as he was born, on

the throne of the Church having placed, infamous preacher

against Christ they greeted. For in place of the divine words

he was bringing forth foulness, in place of grave

words wantonness, in place of piety impiety,

in place of continence whoredom, adultery, masculine

love, theft, food and drink, of the life of men

useful things to be teaching.

ANNOTATIONS.

CHAPTER II.

Under the Pseudo-Bishop Lucius, Presbyters and Deacons XIX, after various promises and threats, tortured and sent into exile.

[3] When these things were so happening, and a I had withdrawn from the Church

(for how could I not have gone away,

when the soldiers were making an attack, the people had been hired by money

to make tumult, money was being disbursed,

a multitude of Gentiles enticed by great promises was at hand?)

Our successor is sent, who the Episcopate, After the departure of Peter

as if some secular Magistracy,

had bought with a price; b a certain Lucius, plainly studying the impudence

and acts of a wolf, to imitate, neither in a Synod of Orthodox

Bishops, under the Pseudo-Bishop Lucius, nor by the suffrage of legitimate

Clerics, nor by the petition of the people elected,

as the Ecclesiastical laws require. There were together

with him (for not a simple entry of his could

have been) not any Bishops, not Presbyters or

Deacons, not a multitude of people. He was not preceded

by monks, hymns drawn from the Scriptures

singing: but c Euzoius, who once when he was Deacon

of our Alexandria, in the holy and great Synod

of Nicaea together with Arius was deposed: now d indeed

devastates the Church of Antioch by his presidency. Together

also the Count of Comitatensian largesses,

who in every impiety always is known

to be in the front ranks…

[4] Who immediately, with no moment of time interposed,

a bitter attendant and most cruel Satrap, having gathered a multitude of those, Presbyters and Deacons XIX captured, who under his care and leadership

were, Presbyters and Deacons nineteen in number

he seized, of whom several had passed eightieth

year: and as if in some detestable

deed and contrary to the Roman laws caught

they had been, a public judgment having been established, he himself

ignorant of the Christian laws concerning virtue, the ancestral faith handed down

to us through the Fathers to betray he compelled them, incited to Arianism asserting

that this would be most pleasing to the most clement

Augustus Valens. Assent, wretched ones, he was crying, assent

to the dogma of the Arians. For although true is the religion which you worship,

yet God will pardon you: since not

spontaneously, but compelled by necessity, you would do this. For for necessity

indeed an excuse is always left: but free

will accusation follows. These reasons

therefore having before your eyes, with all delay

cast off, eagerly come forth to subscribe

to the Arian dogma, with promises and threats, which now in clear words preaches

Lucius. But hold for certain, that you, if indeed you obey,

shall obtain monies and wealth and honors from the Emperors:

but if you refuse, prison, torments, examinations, scourges and tortures you are about to undergo:

and stripped of monies and all possessions

and exiled from the homeland, into harsh and inconvenient places

shall be deported. In this manner that generous

man, with fraud and enticements his threats tempering,

was at once exhorting and forcing all to from the pious opinion

withdraw.

[5] But they, the betrayal of piety more bitter than every torment

considering, as truly it is, generously persisting in the orthodox faith with these

words by him forced responded, his fraud equally

and his threats by virtue and greatness of mind treading down:

Cease at last, cease with these words to terrify us.

Cease to bring forth empty discourses. For we worship not a novel

nor recent God (although like

the waves of the sea you foam emptily, and like a vehement

wind with a crash you rush in) to right and pious doctrine

even unto the last breath we shall adhere;

not lacking power, not lacking wisdom, not without truth

ever to have been thinking God: for not

him sometime Father, sometime not to have been

shall we say, according to that impious Arian, the Son temporal

believing to be. For if the Son is a creature, as

the Ariomaniacs say, nor consubstantial with the Father; to nothing

even the Father will be reduced, since according to themselves,

with the Son not existing, the Father sometime would not have been. of the Son consubstantial with the Father, If

however always is the Father, with there existing from him namely a true

offspring, and not by efflux (for God is free of passion)

how is it possible, that he is not insane and witless,

who concerning the Son says, There was a time, in which

he did not exist, to whom all things must owe their accepted gifts, that they exist?

For this cause our Fathers, who from the whole world of lands

came together at Nicaea (from whom these falling away, deservedly

were made spurious) when the perverse opinion of Arius,

which now this younger one defends, with anathema

they had condemned; the Son to be of no other substance than the Father

they said, just as now you compel us to say:

but from one and the same substance. Which with pious sense rightly

understanding, from many divine voices into one

gathered, Consubstantial they confessed to be.

[6] These and other such things when they had said, them many

days the Count detained in prison, thinking by this deed

to draw them away from their pious opinion. shut in prison But they, like

most strong athletes in a stadium, with all fear cast aside,

with deeds done bravely by the elders from divine mind themselves

fortifying, with loftier mind for the defense of piety

were standing, the tortures considering as the gymnasium

of virtue. When therefore in this manner they were contending,

and a spectacle, as Blessed Paul says, were made to

Angels and men; the whole city ran together to see

the athletes of Christ, who the scourges of the Judge torturing them

by their endurance overcame, and trophies against impiety

through patience were erecting, and over the Arians openly

with various torments they are afflicted: triumphed. 1 Cor 4:9 they are afflicted with various torments: Whom that most bitter enemy,

with threats and frauds subdued, to the impious faction against Christ

he thought he was about to surrender. Wearied therefore in inflicting,

what he was contriving, torments; when

the universal people frequently was groaning and lamenting;

this cruel one and alien from every sense of humanity,

having again called together unsettled crowds and accustomed to make tumult,

them to judgment, or rather to ready

condemnation calls near the port of the city;

with Gentiles and Jews many acclamations against them,

hired with reward, they are condemned to exile. according to custom hurling.

And when they themselves to manifest impiety of the Arians to yield

would not, with the universal people before the praetorium lamenting,

he brings forth a sentence on them, that from Alexandria

departing, into the city of Phoenicia f Heliopolis they should migrate:

in which not even to hear the name of Christ does any

of the inhabitants endure: for they are all worshippers of simulacra.

[7] Soon when he had ordered them to board a ship,

himself in the port standing (near, in the public bath

he had brought sentence against them) a drawn sword

he was displaying; placed on the ship, thinking by this deed to terrify those, who

with the two-edged sword had often wounded the hostile demons.

Thus therefore he orders them to set out, with no provisions

equipped, having absolutely no consolation for bearing exile:

and what is wonderful and incredible is, with the sea foaming, and through this (as I judge) being indignant,

nor enduring, so to speak, that through the reception of these men,

he should be participant and partaker of an unjust precept:

for it was demonstrating the barbarian purpose of the Judge,

to those also who were ignorant of it. Truly

therefore can it be said, with the struggle of the whole city The heaven was astonished, on account of this deed.

For the whole city groaned, and to this present

day mourns. And some indeed striking their breast repeatedly

with hands, were emitting a huge sound:

others were lifting hands together and eyes to heaven, attesting violence,

almost saying these things: Hear, heaven,

with ears perceive, earth, how unjust are the things, which are done.

Then with wailing all things were full, dirges and lamentations

throughout the whole city resounded. And a river indeed of tears,

the very sea by its inundation covering,

flowed forth from all suddenly. So when the above-mentioned

standing on the shore, was ordering the rowers, that they should spread

the sails; then the indiscriminate howl of virgins and

women, of old men and youths, and lamentations mixed with bitter tears,

and the cries of all together joined,

the roar of the winds, which were dashed against the waves of the troubled sea,

far surpassed. Meanwhile the above-mentioned in this

manner sailed to Heliopolis, they are carried away to Heliopolis. in which city are

all worshippers of idols: where the studies and institutes

of the devil flourish tending to pleasure; where

the horrid dwellings of wild beasts; for it is everywhere surrounded

by mountains contiguous to heaven itself.

ANNOTATIONS.

CHAPTER III.

Slaughter of many. Exile of Monks, Bishops, Clerics.

[8] When all after these things in the middle of the city publicly

and privately individuals were groaning, and mournful words

were pouring forth (for not even to weep were they permitted, forbidding

it Palladius the Prefect of the city of Alexandria, Many, slain, who himself

also was most given over to the cult of demons) many of those

weeping seized, and first delivered to custody, then

beaten, tortured, to the a Phennensian and Proconnesian

mines were condemned, men who for the defense of the Church

with divine zeal kindled had fought. Most

were monks, of more accurate and stricter life

through zeal b inhabiting the desert, three and twenty

in number. among them 23 monks With whom a little later a Deacon also,

who from our most beloved Damasus Bishop of the city

of Rome consolatory and at the same time communicatory letters

had brought, with hands behind his back bound, publicly

by executioners was led, no otherwise than as a notable

malefactor. Who when with the torments of murderers,

and still more bitter, he had been tortured; with stones

and lead-tipped lashes his neck for a long time beaten, are condemned to the mines a ship

on the sea he boarded, just as the others, with the divine Cross's

sign his forehead consigned, and of every care

and consolation destitute, to the bronze mines was given which

are at Phenne.

[9] Further while the Judge the tender bodies of children

was still torturing, others slain are denied burial. some near the very corpses remained,

with not even the honor of obsequies paid to them;

when parents, brothers and kindred, the whole, as

I might say, city had begged that this one last consolation

be granted to them. But oh! the supreme inhumanity of the judging,

or rather of the condemning! Who for

piety had contended, were not judged with murderers,

lying with bodies unburied. Who strenuously

had fought, to wild beasts and birds to be torn were exposed.

Who to fathers of the slain to be compassionate on account of

conscience had wished, just as if a grave deed

they had committed, those compassionating are beheaded. were beheaded. What Roman law,

what sentence of the barbarians, ever animadverted on those,

who had grieved with parents? Who

ever from the ancients perpetrated so iniquitous a deed?

Pharaoh once ordered, that the male children of the Hebrews

be killed: but envy and fear had suggested this command

to him. By how much those things, which then were done,

are more humane than those which now we behold?

By how much more desirable, if a choice be given of injury?

By how much more preferable, if iniquity be compared, although

vices cannot be separated from each other? Incredible

are the things that are said, immense and grievous, cruel

and barbarous, harsh and bitter: in these however

were delighting and exulting the followers of the Arian

dementia. And while the whole city was lamenting

(for there was no house, just as in Exodus is written,

in which there was not c a dead person) yet those, whose

mind, exercised in every crime, with no iniquity

could be sated, by no means rested.

[10] For their purpose toward worse always

sharpening, the venom of their wickedness even unto the Bishops

of the province they brought forth, having as attendant and minister

of the crime the Count of largesses, whom

we said above to be Magnus. And some indeed to the Curia

they handed over, others in other ways at their pleasure they vexed,

leaving nothing untried, while all

from every side they were eager to drag to impiety. XI Bishops are relegated to Diocaesarea, All things

going round, just as parent and

author of the heresy their devil, they seek whom

they may devour. At length when their efforts were repelled by all,

Bishops of Egypt eleven

in number, men who from beginning age to old age

through stricter life had inhabited the desert,

who by reason and act had overcome the pleasures of the body,

who pious faith were boldly preaching,

who the doctrine of piety together with the milk of the nurse had sucked,

who often had carried off victory over demons,

who by their own virtue were striking shame into the adversary, who

at last the Arian heresy with most wise speech

were convicting and denoting, with the minister of his

cruelty mentioned above Magnus used, d to Diocaesarea

they relegated, a city which by the Jews killers of the Lord

is inhabited. And yet like Orcus, with the death

of brothers by no means sated, and the Antiochene Clerics to Neocaesarea. of their cruelty monuments

mad and foolish everywhere on earth to leave

they dared, fame from misdeeds eager to obtain.

For behold again the Catholic Church Clerics

dwelling at Antioch, who together with certain pious

monks against their frauds had decreed to protest,

when the ears of the Emperor with various accusations

they had stunned, to Neocaesarea of Pontus to be relegated

they made: who now perhaps even of life

are deprived on account of the harshness of the places.

[11] Tragedies of this kind that time has experienced,

worthy indeed of silence and oblivion, but

which to letters have been handed down, against the reproach

of those, who against the only-begotten Son of God their tongues

have sharpened: who with pestilential blasphemy

disease seized, not only against the Lord of all

darts to throw they try, but also against his pious

servants implacable war they have undertaken.

ANNOTATIONS.

Notes

a. Patron, by whose leading they may swiftly come to Christ!
g. outside the borders of the city of Soissons, on this side of the river
a. SS. Crispinus and Crispinianus under Rictiovarus in the persecution of Diocletian suffered 25 October.
b. Flodoardus in book 1 of the History of the Church of Reims, chapter 3, on these 2 Bishops, has these things: St. Sixtus the first Bishop of Reims, is also reported to have founded the Church of Soissons, and to have constituted there Blessed Sinisius as his collaborator and cooperator: and after the death of the same St. Sixtus, with his nephew, as they say, St. Divitianus by him having been ordained Bishop of Soissons … at Reims he succeeded to the Archiepiscopal See. But what Roman Pontiff sent St. Sixtus, is controverted: St. Peter the Apostle assigns the said Flodoardus: Sixtus II Hincmar in the Opusculum to Hincmar of Laon chapter 16. St. Marcellus, who almost half a century after Sixtus II presided from year 308 to 310 prefers Melchior Reginaldus in the History of Soissons, which agrees more with the present account. But these things will be discussed more accurately at the Kalends of September, on which day both Sixtus and Sinicius are venerated.
c. St. Divitianus is venerated 5 October, whose body in the church of St. Crispin the Greater is reported buried by Sammarthani.
d. Mercorinus is also read in the MS. of St. Amatus. But Mercurius in others: who was present at the Council of Cologne in the year 346.
e. St. Onesimus, the disciple of St. Paul and Bishop of the Ephesians, is venerated 26 February. For him indeed an epistle was written to Philemon, but at that time still far removed from the Episcopal grade, of which neither there nor elsewhere in Paul is mention. Another would be St. Onesimus, Master of SS. Alphius, Philadelphus and Cyrinus the martyrs, and on XXXI July at Pozzuoli crowned with martyrdom. Of him we have treated above 10 May in the Life of the said Martyrs. The rest of the words here related are transcribed by Molanus in the Natalia Sanctorum Belgii.
f. From the following many of the same words are alleged by Molanus, in the first edition of the Auctarium to Usuard, adding at the end, Written in his deeds.
g. These things from the old MS. cited by Sammarthani we have above said. What however, if the Saint himself, with the name of St. George becoming illustrious also in the Gauls, built and dedicated this church under his name?
c. Many Virgins by force were ravished;
a. St. Gregory of Nazianzus in Oration 23 in praise of Heron, about Palladius has these things: He performed the office of Leader, an impious and wicked man, and bearing the name of Christian indeed (for this is most unworthy of all reproach) but from idols to the temple of God hastening, from impure gores to more execrable and more detestable, and perhaps such an insult against us, as if some victim being offered to the demons. Socrates book 4 chapter 21. The mandate of the Emperor Valens was sent to Palladius the Prefect of Egypt, and it was ordered, that the soldiers should give their effort and ministry.
b. Theonas Bishop of Alexandria is inscribed in the Roman Martyrology on day 23 August, under whose invocation this church was placed Baronius adds.
c. Virgins in a wonderful manner pulled apart Nazianzenus asserts. But Rufinus says that so great and so foul things against Virgins and Continent ones of the Church were done, which are not even mentioned in the persecutions of the Gentiles.
e. Magnus by name, leading with him an immense multitude of soldiers,
a. When St. Athanasius died in the year 371, Peter, a man by far excellent, received the Presidency, first designated by the suffrage of St. Athanasius, then by the consent of all both in the sacred and in the political order elected. Thus Theodoret. He, after Valens died, received his proper throne writes Theophanes: which was done in the year 379. Of his veneration we have touched on some things on the Life of St. Athanasius number 374.
b. By Nazianzenus Lucius is called, betrayer of truth, shepherd of wolves, robber climbing through the sheepfold, second Arius, &c. By Rufinus, Bishop of the Arian party, immediately as a wolf flying to a sheep.
c. Euzoius, who at that time at Antioch presided over the Arian Church, an opportunity from Valens, who at that time was at Antioch, opportunely offered to himself seized, sought, that he himself should be sent to Alexandria, that the Churches of that place to Lucianus the Arian he might hand over. Thus Socrates book 4 chapter 21.
d. Further Euzoius, with the things which he had instituted brought to a conclusion, returned to Antioch. Thus Sozomen book 6 chapter 19.
e. Magnus of the royal treasures together with Euzoius proceeded, says Socrates.
f. Heliopolis in Phoenicia of Libanus under the metropolis Damascus: its inhabitants afterwards, perhaps through these exiles, received the Christian faith: and their Bishop Peter subscribed in the year 451 to the epistle to the Emperor Leo, which is contained in part 3 of the Council of Chalcedon. Moreover this so distinguished testimony of the obstinacy of the Heliopolitans, very much now with us increases the scruples, which long since cause us trouble concerning the Acts of St. Eudocia Martyr there under Trajan, who is said to have converted the King of that place Aurelian with his family and magistrates to the faith of Christ: and by raising the dead, and at last by her martyrdom must have confirmed many in the faith, if true those Acts were: which now we should wish to subject to a stricter censure, as well as the Acts of St. Martina in January; and we should wish that at least by such things the beginning had not been given to either month. Which thing here for the instruction of posterity, who shall reexamine prior things, we have thought to indicate.
a. These two places are far hence and from each other distant, namely so that they might be more separated. For Phenne, in others Phinon or Phunon, of Numbers 33 verse 42 and 43, by St. Jerome in the Places of sacred Scripture is called Fenon, the camp of the sons of Israel in the desert: of old a city of the Princes of Edom, then a small village in the desert, where bronze mines were dug by the punishments of the condemned, between the city of Petra and Zoar. But Pronconnesus is an island of the Propontis before Cyzicus, whence the marbles dug out were called Cyzicene; indeed even the very island today is called Marmora, writes Ortelius, citing Bellonius and Curopalates.
b. Rufinus, He devastates the desert, declares wars on the resting. Three thousand at once and more men, through the whole desert in secret and solitary habitation dispersed, to attack at once he undertakes. He sends armed bands of horsemen and footmen; Tribunes, Praepositi and Leaders of wars, as if against barbarians to fight he chose. Who when they had come, see a new kind of war, their enemies offering necks to swords, and saying nothing else, except, Friend, why have you come? Similar things has Socrates, adding that Rufinus asserts, that he himself saw it, and with them suffered.
c. Theophanes. Many then of the orthodox men, women, virgins, foully were lacerated by blows, many also perished.
d. There were several Diocaesareas, namely in Phrygia, Cappadocia, and rough Cilicia, so that it is uncertain, which of them here is chiefly understood as possessed by the Jews.

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