THE SECOND DAY

SAINTS WHO ARE VENERATED ON THE FOURTH DAY BEFORE THE NONES OF NOVEMBER.

St. Publius, martyr in Africa.

St. Victor, martyr in Africa.

St. Hermes, martyr in Africa.

St. Papias, martyr in Africa.

St. Justus, martyr in Africa.

St. Vitalis, martyr in Africa.

St. Justus, martyr at Trieste.

St. Victorinus, bishop of Pettau and martyr.

St. Carterius, martyr at Sebaste.

St. Styriacus, martyr at Sebaste.

St. Tobias, martyr at Sebaste.

St. Eudoxius, martyr at Sebaste.

St. Agapius, martyr at Sebaste.

Companions, martyrs at Sebaste.

St. Acindynus, martyr in Persia.

St. Pegasius, martyr in Persia.

St. Aphthonius, martyr in Persia.

St. Elpidephorus, martyr in Persia.

St. Anempodistus, martyr in Persia.

Companions, martyrs in Persia.

St. Eustochia, virgin and martyr at Tarsus.

St. Marcian, hermit, in Chalcis.

St. Ambrose, abbot of Agaune in Helvetia.

St. Erc, bishop of Slane in Ireland.

St. Lugadius, disciple of St. Patrick, in Ireland.

St. Aidan, abbot, in Ireland.

St. George, bishop of Vienne in Gaul.

St. Vulganius, hermit, at Lens in the diocese of Arras.

St. Herninus, hermit, in Armorican Brittany.

St. Miocus, hermit, in Armorican Brittany.

Bl. James Ungarelli, confessor of the Order of St. Francis, at Forlì in Romagna.

PASSED OVER AND REFERRED TO OTHER DAYS

Adalbero, son of Arnulf count of Chiny, who from the year 1131 to 1156 ruled the church of Verdun, was called blessed by the hagiographers of the holy Premonstratensian Order: with whom Saussay agrees, but not Castellanus, who styled him a man of venerable memory. Accordingly, being eager to know whether there survived at Verdun any evidence of some public cult paid to him, in the year 1877 we wrote to the prelate of that church; to which the answer was given that nothing exists from which it might be conjectured that any cult was ever accorded to Bl. Adalbero. Let that holy bishop therefore have his place here, truly worthy to be joined as a companion to the most holy men of that age, Bernard, Malachy, Norbert, Eugene, until others more fortunate than we shall have found what we have sought in vain. It may nevertheless be permitted to note that among the authors there is no agreement about the day of his death, since some propose the second and others the third day of November, and to add to the writers on the life of Adalbero cited by Ulysse Chevalier Répertoire des sources historiques du moyen âge, vol. I, p. 15. Miræus Annales Præmonstratenses, at the year 1158., Lepaige Bibliotheca Ordinis Præmonstratensis, book II, p. 493., the hagiographers Van der Sterre, Van Craywinckel, Lienhart, Weissenburg Des antiquités de la Gaule Belgique, book IV, p. 294., but above all Laurence of Liège, whose book On the Deeds of the Bishops of Verdun the distinguished G. Waitz has edited anew in Pertz's collection of the Monumenta Germaniæ, volume X of the Scriptores.

Afer with companions. In the Ethiopic calendar which Dillmann edited [Catalogus codd. mss. bibliothecæ Bodleianæ, part VII (Ethiopic manuscripts), p. 44.], there is noted at this day in small letters the Commemoration of Afer, Adinius, Justus the martyr, Lucinius, Sauninus, Labandicorus, Ubasius, Cornelius and 17000 martyr companions of Isidore.

Ainmire. See Irish saints.

St. Albinus is celebrated by Saussay in the supplement to the Gallican Martyrology with the following elogium: On the fourth day before the Nones of November. The heavenly birthday of St. Albinus, martyr, whose body once rested in the monastic, and afterwards in the cathedral, church of St. Pons of Thomières; which was plundered by the foul hagiomachs with wicked daring in the course of the past century. St. Albinus was deferred from the 23rd day of October to this day: whom, for want of information, we are forced once again to pass over, until we light upon some certain document.

St. Amicus, priest or monk and hermit, is remembered at this day in the Usuardine martyrology of the Vatican codex 1549, in the Italian Hagiology, in Ferrari and in Castellanus. Of him it will be more convenient to treat at the following day, which among the monks of Monte Cassino was anciently assigned for the recalling of his memory.

Anthony Salvani, a native of Siena Sagro tempio Servitano, p. 104., is numbered by Fr. Cozzando among the Blessed. But Giani Annal. Servorum, vol. I, p. 401. says of the same man: It happened, moreover, at Monte Senario at about the same time (the year 1421), he says, that there met his death Fr. Anthony of Siena, of revered memory, through whose spirit that true observance of religious, long interrupted, was seen to come to life again on that mountain, and whom beyond doubt those fathers of the Observance extol with wonderful praises as the standard-bearer of their congregation. In which there is nothing to inform us of any cult paid to Anthony. And since his name was not found inscribed in the catalogue of saints which Fr. Victor De Buck prefixed at the 24th day of October Act. SS., vol. X Oct., p. 883. to his commentary on Bl. John Angelus, yet lest the servant of God be defrauded of his just honor, we inquired by letter of the Florentine fathers of the Santissima Annunziata, whom we have more than once found most devoted to the Bollandist work, that they might inform us whether there survived any memory of a cult of any kind having been offered. Accordingly, a diligent inquiry having been made into the records which they preserve in manuscript after various calamities, a negative answer was given on the 14th of April of the year 1878 by the Rev. Fr. Guidi, provost of the Santissima Annunziata.

St. Audomar is praised at this day only in the lesser Corbie Hieronymian martyrology. Concerning whom our predecessors treated at the 9th day of September Cf. Act. SS., vol. III Sept., p. 385, no. 2..

Bado. In the supplement to the Benedictine Menology of Gabriel Bucelin there is announced under this 2nd day of November: In the monastery of St. Bertin, Blessed Bado, who after the slaying of St. Fulk was appointed in his place by the brethren, himself also a learned and most holy man; who, however, deserting the monastery from fear of Baldwin count of Flanders, withdrew to England, and persevering there until death, passed his life most holily and was inserted in the catalogue of the Saints. And the writer of the Supplement indicates that he extracted this From the manuscript Chronicle of Hirsau. But in the Chartulary or History of Sithiu or Saint-Bertin, which was written in the year 961 by Fulcuin, a monk of the same monastery [Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Bertin, published by M. B. Guérard, Preface, p. 2.], nothing is reported of this Bado, but only that after the death of Fulk, slain in the year 900, Baldwin II, count of Flanders, surnamed the Bald, obtained the abbacy by royal gift Ibid., p. 135., over which he presided for seventeen years in name alone Ibid., p. 139–140., and in this rule he was succeeded by his sons Adalolf and Arnulf Ibid., p. 141.. Nor do we find anything about Bado in other documents.

St. Benignus occurs today in Wandelbert, and in the Hérinnes Auctarium of Usuard: On the same day the commemoration of St. Benignus, martyr. Of whom we treated yesterday.

Bernard of Narbonne, prior of Nogent, because in the Life of St. Hugh of Cluny he is proclaimed a just, holy and God-fearing man, for whom religion had procured reverence and a name, and because he merited to obtain some heavenly visions, has been given the name of Blessed by several hagiographers of the Benedictine Order, Bucelin, Heredia, Cherle. Yet nothing presents itself to those diligently inquiring from which it might be conjectured that any cult was paid to him.

Berno of Gigny is celebrated in the supplement to the Benedictine Menology of Gabriel Bucelin at this 2nd day of November in these words: In Gaul, in the monastery of Gigny, of Berno of holy memory, abbot of the same place. The author of that supplement says that he has been wrongly confused by some with Berno, abbot of Cluny, who he affirms was given to that monastery as its first abbot by Berno of Gigny, relying on the authority of the manuscript Chronicle of Trithemius. But in truth John Mabillon has long since demonstrated from certain records Act. SS. O. S. B., sec. V, p. 67 ff. that Berno, at first abbot of Baume, likewise gave origin to Gigny and Cluny and other monasteries besides, and first presided over them with the title of abbot. Of St. Berno, Bolland treated at the 13th day of January Act. SS., vol. I Jan., p. 824., and after him, more fully, Mabillon Loc. cit..

The elevation of St. Bertin. In the Arras Auctarium to the Martyrology of Bede there is noted at the 2nd day of November: On the same day the elevation of the body of St. Bertin, abbot; and in the Tournai and Barberini Auctaria to the same Martyrology: The elevation and translation of St. Bertin, abbot and confessor. And that in truth in the middle of the tenth century it was customary for that elevation to be celebrated on this day is gathered from a most certain document, namely the Chartulary of Sithiu or Saint-Bertin written by Folcuin, a monk of the same monastery, in the year 961 Loc. cit. above, p. 415, note 10., and already cited by our predecessors Prior commentary on St. Bertin, no. 156 (Act. SS., vol. II Sept., p. 584). and not so long ago edited by the most learned B. Guérard. Where in chapter 77 the author relates this of himself: At which time I myself, the writer of this, Folquin … having been brought here, in the year of the incarnation… DCCCCXLVIII, on the day of the festival of the elevation of St. Bertin, which follows the festival of All Saints, having been offered to St. Bertin, was made … a monk Cartulaire de St-Bertin, p. 146.. Yet Folcuin himself in his Chartulary, which should more truly be called a History of the monastery, reports no other elevation than that which is read in chapter 9 in these words: But in the third year of his Adalard's rule, which was the year of the incarnate Word DCCCXLVI, the body of St. Bertin is translated and laid up by the holy bishop Folquin, as it is said, on the seventeenth day before the Kalends of August Ibid., p. 93.. Since therefore, as Stilting says Commentary on St. Bertin, the number cited., it is not likely that a double festival was instituted on account of one translation, and since, on the testimony of Bovo, who in the middle of the eleventh century wrote the history of the second translation Cf. ibid., no. 147., Folcuin decreed that the day of the translation should be kept as a festival each year on the seventeenth day before the Kalends of August Act. SS., vol. cited, p. 618, no. 19., it may not unjustly be supposed that the sacred remains of St. Bertin were elevated for the first time in the eighth century or before the middle of the ninth: for this elevation cannot have been made after the laying up of the saint's body in the year 846. So Stilting. I for my part could wish that the scruple arising from the silence of Folcuin (and of all other writers) concerning that earlier translation were more effectually removed.

St. Bosa, bishop of York, is praised by Castellanus in the supplement to the Universal Martyrology at the 2nd day of November, because, according to him, he is marked at this day in the metrical Calendar of Bede. But Castellanus saw badly: for in the metrical Martyrology of Bede Bosa is celebrated not at the 2nd day of November, but on the sixth of the Nones of October, that is, at the 2nd day of October. For the rest, our predecessors treated of this saint at the 9th day of March Act. SS., vol. II Mart., p. 10*..

Caomh. See Irish saints.

Christopher Dixen, who underwent martyrdom in England in the year 1616, is assigned to this day by Knippinga from Maigret in the Martyrographia Augustiniana.

The Cistercian monks of St. Nicholas at Grünhain, whom in the year 1429, in the month of December, the Hussites invading Meissen slew by a cruel death, are distinguished with the name of martyrs by Henriquez in the Cistercian Menology, by Bucelin in the Benedictine Menology, and by Cherle and Lechner at this day. Yet nothing is received by tradition from which you might rightly conjecture that the honor of sanctity was ever paid to them. Whoever desires to know more may consult the treatise of Herr Herzog entitled Geschichte des Klosters Grunhain In Archiv für die Sächsische Geschichte, vol. VII, p. 60–96..

Conrad and Voislaus or Voisellus are numbered among the martyrs by Arthur du Moustier; but he did not dare to determine where and when they poured out their life for the faith of Christ. For on the one hand he brings forward Gonzaga, Orig. Seraph. Relig., part II, p. 661, and Mark of Lisbon, book V, chapter XV, from whom you would say that they were tortured in Prussia; but on the other Wadding, who in both editions of the Annals, at the year 1284, § II, indicates that they were presented with the crown of martyrdom in the parts of the East.

The memory of Cuthbert with companions is read at this day in the calendar of New Farina edited in Forbes Kalendars of Scottish saints, p. 77.. Concerning Cuthbert, bishop of Lindisfarne, who it is scarcely doubtful is designated here, our colleagues treated at the 20th day of March Act. SS., vol. III March, p. 93..

Daria. See Irish saints.

The dedication of the basilica of Sts. Xystus, Hippolytus and Lawrence is celebrated today in the Bern and Lucca copies of the Hieronymian Martyrology: the names of which saints the Echternach copy also lists. The dedication of what basilica is intended is indeed hidden from us. For the rest, you may read conjectures in Fiorentini in the notes to this day. Of these holy martyrs treatment has been given: of Sixtus II, pope and martyr, on the 6th day of August, of Hippolytus, martyr, on the 13th day of August, of Lawrence, martyr, on the 10th day of August.

The dedication of the church of the monastery of Caoca in Egypt by Christ. In Dillmann At the place cited above, p. 415, note 5. the following is read: The commemoration of Christ and his disciples in the monastery of Quesquam, where he consecrated a church and table and celebrated the eucharist. Which things are found in Mai Script. Vet. Nov. Collect., vol. IV, p. 99. even more embellished: Christ the Lord came together with his disciples to Mount Caoca in Egypt and with his pure hands consecrated a temple as a church; which together with the altar he dedicated to the name of the Virgin Mary his mother. But he willed that the vessels of the same altar be consecrated by the hands of the archangels Michael and Gabriel; as the fathers Theophilus and Cyril, patriarchs of Alexandria, testify. So the good Copts persuade themselves.

Doran. Concerning this saint, Ferrari in his General Catalogue says among the notes at the 1st day of November, at the name of St. Benignus: On the following day, he says, St. Doran, an Irish bishop, is remembered in the same Florilegium (of Capgrave); and in the note at the name of St. Maura, at the 2nd day of November: On the same day of St. Doran, bishop of the Scots, from the same Calendar (the Scottish one). But neither in the Irish martyrologies nor in the Scottish calendars edited by the distinguished Forbes nor in other documents have we found mention of that saint, whether at the 2nd day of November or at any other. Hence, since the authority of Ferrari is not so great that we may rely on it alone, we are forced to list St. Doran here among those passed over.

Enostan. See Irish saints.

Eustachius or Eustathius, with his fellow martyrs, who occurs today in Usuard and elsewhere, was treated on the 20th day of September.

St. Eustochium, virgin, occurs today in Ferrari in the Catalogue, in Arthur's Gynæceum and elsewhere; of whom treatment was given on the 28th day of September.

St. Evergisilus. In the Brussels auctarium of the Martyrology of Usuard, at the 2nd day of November, mention is read: At Cologne, of St. Evergisilus, third archbishop of that same city. Of whom also in the martyrology of the church of the Holy Trinity (commonly Christ Church) edited at Dublin in the year 1844, in these words: At Cologne, of St. Evergisus, bishop and confessor. You will find the Acts of this saint, edited with a prior Commentary, in volume X of October, p. 650, at the 24th day.

St. Felix I, Roman Pontiff, is celebrated today in the Ethiopic calendar in Ludolf on the 6th day of the month Hedar, which is the 2nd day of November: Felix the archbishop. Likewise in the Ethiopic calendar which the distinguished Dillmann edited Cf. above, p. 415, note 5.: The rest of Felix, the Roman patriarch. Likewise in the Synaxarion or martyrology of the church of the Copts of Alexandria, by Michael, bishop of Athribis and Melig in Lower Egypt, in Cardinal Mai Loc. cit. above, p. 416, note 16., where on the 6th day of the month Hatyr, which is the 2nd of November, it is read thus: The rest of the holy father Felix, pope of Rome, successor of Dionysius, who is said to have sat for five years and six months, and, having published many homilies and didactic dissertations, of which some dogmatic ones were of the highest usefulness, to have died in the first year of the reign of Diocletian. Of Pope Felix I, martyr, treatment was given on the 30th day of May.

St. Florbert, abbot of Blandijn and confessor, is mentioned by Greven in his martyrology at this day Cf. above, p. 374, no. 97.. Of whom, along with the rest of the hagiologists generally, we treated at the preceding day.

Florian, of whose translation there is treatment among the Usuardine witnesses, seems to be no other than the holy martyr Florian at Lorch in Austria, of whom treatment was given at the 4th day of May.

Francis of Penne is called blessed by Arthur du Moustier in the Franciscan Martyrology. This alumnus of the province of St. Bernardine of the Seraphic Order became, while living, so renowned through the Abruzzi, Calabria and Picenum by so many miracles that he was called a saint. He departed this life in the year 1606.

The Flight of Christ. In Ludolf, in the Ethiopic calendar, at the 2nd day of November, there is read: The Flight of Christ from Mehsa to Koskuam. Where Ludolf notes: These are places in Egypt according to the tradition of the Copts. Koskuam, once a most opulent, now a most impoverished monastery of Egypt, was built in memory of the flight of Christ to this place, where they say that he stayed for a long time with his most holy mother. It is also called Moharrak; it is situated in the middle of Egypt in the desert Wansleb., Hist. eccl. Alex., book I, chapter 6, p. 22..

Irish saints are praised at this day in the Martyrology of Donegal Cf. above, p. 339, no. 1., taken, as was the custom of Michael O'Clery, from the martyrology of Marianus O'Gorman and his scholiast, namely, besides Erc, Lugadius and Aidan, of whom there will be more distinct treatment below, Ainmire, abbot of Rath Nuada, A.D. 778; Daire Bochana, widow; Liber, martyr; Senach, presbyter, of Cill-mor; Caoimhe, of Alba, of Cill-Caoimhe; Enostan, of Cluain Dumha; Gallus; Malachy. — Of Malachy there will be treatment on the following day; who the Gallus designated here may be has not been discovered by us. Of the others, since scarcely anything is known and the cult itself is not sufficiently certain Cf. ibid., no. 2., a few words must be said in this place. And of Ainmire, Liber, Caomh and Enostan we have been able to learn nothing from elsewhere. But at the name of Senach this note is added in the cited Martyrology of Donegal: Broinsech Breac, sister of Bishop Inbhar, son of Lughna, was his mother: and perhaps he is Senach Garbh. Of whom the scholiast of Oengus in the Liber Varius at the 17th day of February: Fintan Corach and Senach Garbh and Colman, the clever son of Comgall, three kings renowned in the praise of war, one after the other in the monastery The Calendar of Œngus, ed. W. Stokes, p. lii.. Which words Colgan renders from the Irish in this way, at the 27th day of February, as added, according to him, by the scholiast: Fintan Corach, Senach Garbh and Colman, the amiable son of Comgell, were three black lords (that is, Benedictines), succeeding successively one after the other in the same abbacy (of Clonfert) Act. SS. Hib., p. 385, note 7.. Concerning the same Senach Garbh, the Annals of the Four Masters at the year 620: Seanach Garb, abbot (of the monastery) of Cluainfearta-Breanainn, died Ed. O'Donovan, vol. I, p. 243.. — Finally, as regards Daria, Colgan notes this concerning the holy women of this name celebrated among the Irish: I find three saints of this name remembered in the menologies of our country. The first was a virgin, concerning whom the martyrology of Tallaght at the 8th of August… Marianus O'Gorman, Cathal Maguire and the Martyrology of Donegal also treat of her at the same day… The second Daria, a widow, called Bochana, who is venerated on the 2nd of November, according to Marianus and the Martyrology of Donegal. The third was a widow, who is venerated on the 26th of October according to Marianus O'Gorman. There are also remembered in the Lives of our saints three holy women of this name: the first, of whom here (third Life of St. Brigid, chapter 124) and in the following Life, book 2, chapter 78, where she is called Virgin. The second was St. Daria of Maggamnach in the region of Tir Amalguidh in Connacht; whose genealogy is recounted thus in the Irish Life of St. Connacus, chapter 77: St. Daria, daughter of Caithirius, son of Sedneus, son of Amalgadius, son of Fiacrius, son of Euchodius Momedonius; and she in the same place, chapter 22, is called by another name So delbh; that is, Pulcheria. The third was the daughter of Fergus, son of Euchodius, sister of St. Ruadan, of whom in the Life of the same Ruadan, chapter 8, and in our notes to the same place, where we said that the feast of her and of her other sisters is celebrated on the 24th of May. And hence it follows that this woman is different from the others of this name whose heavenly birthdays we have already listed. Daria also, the mother of St. Ursula, whom Dempster assigns to the 21st of October, must necessarily be different from these last three, because she was long anterior in time to each of them. But if she be some one of the three others whose heavenly birthdays are remembered in our festilogies, she seems to be that one who is venerated on the 2nd of November; both because that woman was a widow and was called Bochana, that is, marine or of the sea: for Bochna among the Irish signifies the same as sea, while the mother of St. Ursula was both a widow and, by reason of that solemn voyage undertaken with her daughter and companions, could have been called Marina. I, however, determine nothing about this matter for the present Trias Thaum., p. 545, note 67.. And prudently indeed. For there is no one who does not see of how slight a weight Colgan's conjecture is. But as for what Thomas Dempster announces in his Scottish Menology at the 21st day of October: In Scotland, of Daria, an admirable matron and most holy mother of St. Ursula, from whom in Ireland Kildare

took its name Forbes, Kalendars of Scottish saints, p. 215., that which concerns the name of the mother of St. Ursula seems to have been taken from the revelations or fantasies of Elisabeth of Schönau Cf. Act. SS., vol. IX Oct., p. 168 F.; but that the church of Kildare took its name from that Daria, Dempster made up with his usual audacity.

Hilary. See Valentine.

That John whom St. Francis bound to himself in close familiarity, and who died at Greccio in the valley of Rieti, was inserted in the Franciscan martyrology by Arthur du Moustier. We are not permitted to give him any other place than among the Passed Over. Whoever desires to know more of him may consult Wadding at the year 1223, § XX, and the Acta Sanctorum, vol. II Oct., pp. 706 and 770.

Josa, son of Joseph, is listed on this day in the Ethiopic calendar in Ludolf.

St. Julian, presbyter, who occurs today in Wandelbert, seems to be the same as Julian, the companion of St. Cæsarius: of whom treatment was given on the Kalends of November.

St. Justus is announced at this day by the Daveronian auctarium of the Usuardine Martyrology in these words: Of the monastery of Dol, of St. Justus, monk and martyr. Whom I would readily believe to be the same as that St. Justus who was slain with Artemius and Honesta and is venerated in the diocese of Arras on the 18th day of October Act. SS., vol. VIII Oct., p. 369., some relics of whom perhaps were brought to the monastery of Dol.

The memory of St. Lautenus is recalled on this day in several martyrologies, which were indicated by us where, with most authorities, we treated of this saint at the preceding day.

St. Marcellus, bishop of Paris, is listed today in the Brussels auctarium of Usuard. We gave the Life of St. Marcellus yesterday.

St. Marciana. Concerning this holy virgin, Saussay in the supplement to his Gallican Martyrology, at the 2nd of November: On the same day, he says, in the city of Albi, the heavenly birthday of St. Marciana, virgin, who, illustrious by nobility of birth, having renounced the world and been joined in a monastery to a certain most noble virgin Tarsia, was veiled by Polymius, prelate of Albi, chastising her body with vigils and abstinences and refreshing her mind with the food of prayer, distinguished by the spirit of prophecy (by which she foretold to her brother George, a prudent man, the future course of his own house); at length, answering God who called her, and intent continually upon heaven, she passed happily to her spouse. Her undefiled soul was seen by very many in the form of a snow-white dove penetrating the inmost parts of heaven. She is venerated by very many with the honor of a martyr, perhaps because, being harried for the faith or for chastity by the barbarians who at that time were oppressing Narbonese Gaul, she suffered some dreadful things from them, or rather because by the most rigid austerity of her life, crucifying her flesh daily, she was crowned (as St. Jerome once said of Bl. Paula) with a long martyrdom. Saussay seems to have collected this from the Acts which are presented in several Paris codices. I have found no memory of Marciana elsewhere. At what time Marciana lived cannot be deduced with sufficient certainty from those Acts. There is nowhere indicated any bishop of Albi by the name of Polymius, nor others of this or a similar name among the Gallic bishops besides Polemius, bishop of Auch, who in the ancient catalogues of that church is read third of the six bishops who ruled it after the year 549 and before the year 585 Gall. Christ., vol. I, p. 975., and another Polemius, bishop of Agen, who subscribed the synod of Paris of the year 573 Ibid., vol. II, p. 898..

St. Marcian, bishop and confessor at Benevento. In the auctarium of Usuard from the Vatican codex no. 5949, there is read in Sollerius on this day: At Benevento, of St. Marcian, bishop and martyr, disciple of St. Peter. In the same Sollerius on the 14th day of June there is read as an addition from the same Vatican codex: At Benevento, of St. Marcian, bishop and confessor. This Vatican codex, written in Lombardic character, which Papebroch calls a new collection made from Usuard, Ado and others for the church of Benevento, seemed to Sollerius to have been interpolated from some Hieronymian copy Preface to Usuard, art. V, p. 62.. The most distinguished de Vita Thesaurus antiquitatum Beneventanarum, vol. I, dissert. III, p. 110. relates that he heard from Francesco Pacca, archbishop of Benevento, that there is read in the Usuardine codex of Santa Sofia preserved in the Vatican library, at a certain day of June: At Benevento, of St. Marcian, bishop and martyr, disciple of St. Peter. Whence the archbishop concluded that not Photinus but this Marcian was the first bishop of Benevento. For which reason we treated on the Kalends of November at St. Photinus. We are of the opinion that this codex is the same one that Papebroch saw, which, on the testimony of Sollerius, loc. cit., had been collected or composed for the church of Santa Sofia; as the title of St. Sophia, so often brought up in the contents, suggests. It seems therefore that Pacca, through a lapse of memory, transferred the entry from the second day of November into the month of June. Both Marcians were treated by Papebroch at the 14th day of June. The one who is called a disciple of Peter seems to be the same as Marcian, bishop of Syracuse and martyr, but the other Marcian a bishop and confessor, in whose honor a church was formerly dedicated at Benevento. But now the church of Benevento celebrates no feast of his.

Margaret of Lorraine, formerly joined by the bond of marriage to René of Valois, duke of Alençon, met a death precious in the sight of the Lord at Argentan, in the convent of St. Clare, on the 2nd day of November of the year 1521. Although the liturgical books are silent about this woman devoted to God, and apart from Arthur and Saussay no one is found who has inscribed her name in martyrologies, she would by no means have been excluded from our Acts, if it were certainly established that in the year 1560 E. Laurent, Histoire de Marguerite de Lorraine, p. 349. some signal miracle was wrought by the merits of the venerable Margaret. For what doubt would there be about a cult offered from the time of her happy death, since Marinus de Proverre, O. P. and alumnus of the convent of Argentan, in the Ecclesiastical History of Sées, which is preserved in manuscript both in the seminary of Sées and at Alençon with the illustrious M. Léon de la Sicotière, reports that earlier prodigies were passed over in silence through the carelessness of the nuns? But Marinus does not have the record of that year 1560, nor are there brought forward elsewhere in defence of this year such testimonies as would permit a hagiographer, under the Urban decrees, to distinguish with the title of blessed someone who died with a reputation for sanctity. But with this difficulty lifted, which would that they might accomplish by diligent inquiry, whose business it is to guard and promote the glory of the saints, from the year 1598 [Cf. the work cited and, by the same author, Histoire de l'abbaye royale de Ste Clair d'Argentam.] down to our own age there survive so many certain monuments of a cult offered that it is to be most deeply lamented that France has been defrauded of so great a safeguard and the holy widow of her honor. I will nevertheless compress into a few words what I myself saw and heard in person, having been brought to Argentan in the year 1878 and received into hospitality with all charity by the Rev. M. Jamet, archpriest.

To one entering through the main door the church dedicated to St. Germain, on the left side there appears the chapel of St. Clare, which the people call the chapel of Bl. Margaret. There the heart of the blessed widow is preserved, laid up in the wall, and at the grilles closing off the chapel the faithful, in testimony of their faith and grateful spirit, light candles, place money upon the altar and not rarely, as priests testified before me, request masses to be said in honor of Bl. Margaret. There are guarded in the city, with that veneration and care with which the memorials of saints are kept, two girdles which tradition holds to have been the venerable Margaret's. With these, women about to give birth are girded. For mothers near to delivery are accustomed to call upon Bl. Margaret in their prayers; fortified with these sacred relics, those who before dread too greatly the labor of childbirth are restored to the highest confidence. Nor at Argentan only, but at Alençon also the venerable Margaret is held in veneration for the same cause. For I heard from M. Liard, who presides in spiritual matters over the convent of St. Clare, about a certain woman who, being in the judgment of the experts now certainly about to die through the labor of childbirth, on taking a draught of water hallowed by little fragments of Margaret's sepulchral chest, was at once delivered of the child and recovered her health. Nor do the virgins of St. Clare at Alençon forget the foundress of their convent: who, having poured forth prayers in secret, have more than once experienced how great is Margaret's favor with the Almighty. Finally, at Argentan, in an old reliquary, together with the remains of St. Clare and of others whom the Church venerates, indeed with a fragment of the most holy Cross, I saw some of the relics of the Venerable Margaret. From these things it is understood why we cherish a certain hope that the most illustrious lord bishop of Sées will shortly find those documents by which he may obtain from the holy See the confirmation of the cult offered to the devout widow.

St. Mary the slave, virgin and martyr, is celebrated today in the Brussels auctarium of Usuard. Of her treatment was given yesterday.

St. Matilda. In the Scottish Martyrology of Th. Dempster there is read at this day: In England, the coronation of Queen Matilda, surnamed the Good, daughter of St. Malcolm the king. Concerning St. Matilda our predecessors treated at the 30th day of April, among those passed over Vol. III April, p. 722..

St. Mathurin is recalled on this day in the Brussels auctarium of Usuard. We dealt with the Acts of St. Mathurin yesterday.

St. Maura, virgin, of the nation of the Scots, is celebrated today in the calendars of Adam King and David Camerarius and in the Scottish Menology of Th. Dempster; and thence in Ferrari in the General Catalogue, in Challoner and in the Sacred Gynæceum of Arthur du Moustier. We shall treat of her more conveniently, and at the same time of St. Baya, with the Martyrology and Breviary of Aberdeen, at the following day.

St. Naamatius, bishop and confessor, who occurs today in the Hagenoy auctarium of Usuard, is the same as Amantius, bishop of Rodez, whose Acts we shall treat on the 4th day of November.

Odilo, confessor, is mentioned by Greven in his martyrology at this 2nd day of November. If he be the same as that celebrated Odilo, abbot of Cluny, whose Acts our predecessors edited at the 1st day of January Vol. I, p. 65., I find no other reason why he is assigned by Greven to the present day, except that he read in more ancient martyrologies that on this same day there was first instituted by Odilo the solemn commemoration of the faithful departed, to be held in all the monasteries of the Cluniac Order.

Peter Dagnino, disciple of St. Romuald, has generally been adorned with the title of blessed, after Agostino Fortunio of Florence Historiarum Camaldulensium, book I, chapter 47 (p. 108)., by Camaldolese writers, and thence at the 2nd day of November by Arnold Wion and the other Benedictine martyrologists Ménard, Bucelin, Heredia, Cherle; Philip Ferrari too in his General Catalogue; but they bring forward absolutely no evidence or authority more ancient than Fortunio, from which it might be demonstrated that he was ever celebrated with public or ecclesiastical cult. And Fortunio himself attached that title to Peter's name only in the heading of the chapter Loc. cit., but not in the text of his History, where he calls him no more than venerable

Book I, chapters 39, 47.. With the same title only did Hastivillius adorn him Romualdina seu Eremitica Camaldulensis Ordinis historia, p. 68., and Luke with none Romualdina seu Eremitica Montis Coronæ Camaldulensis historia, fol. 42 verso.. Moreover Peter Delfino, general superior of the Camaldolese Order, writing at the end of the fifteenth century to Ventura, abbot of San Michele di Murano, that he had resolved to rescue from neglect and oblivion those of the Camaldolese Order who have been numbered among the saints, committed to the care of that abbot the inserting in the calendar of the holy martyrs Boniface, John and Benedict, of whom mention is made in the Life of St. Romuald, a suitable day and a fitting office being assigned to them, but he by no means mentioned Peter Dagnino Guid. Grandius, Dissertat. Camaldul., diss. I, chapter 3, no. 11.. Accordingly Mabillon prudently abstained from attributing to him the name of saint or blessed, indicating only that he is called blessed by Fortunio Annal. Benedict., book LVI, no. 27 (vol. IV, p. 339).: which prudence seems to us worthy of imitation. Thus no further treatment is to be given in this place to the history of the venerable Peter: whoever wishes to investigate it more deeply may consult the writers cited above and especially Mittarelli Annal. Camaldul., vol. II, book XII, passim..

Concerning St. Rosalia, who, on the testimony of Ferrari, is celebrated in the calendar and litanies of the church of Cagliari, nothing that we know of has been handed down to memory. We have surveyed everything indeed within reach from which any hope shone forth that we might arrive at some knowledge of this saint. The outcome deceived the hope. Apart from Ferrari we have nothing to bring forward; by whose testimony alone we have not been deterred from relegating the blessed Rosalia among those passed over. He in the General Catalogue of the saints who are not in the Roman martyrology, on the fourth day before the Nones of November, mentions Rosalia in these words: At Cagliari in Sardinia, of St. Rosalia, virgin and martyr. And he adds in the same place in a note: From the calendar of the church of Cagliari and the litanies of the same church. She suffered under Trajan at Cagliari with many others, to which place (Cagliari) she had set out from Rome. She is also called Rhoda. Of her, Marcus Maximus and Elecas, bishops of Saragossa, in the additions to the fragments of the Chronicle of Lucius Dexter. From Ferrari, Arthur brought the blessed Rosalia into his Gynæceum of holy women; and he transferred Ferrari's note into his own note. Perhaps Rosalia is one of those whose bones, found in the church of Cagliari in the years 1615 and 1626, were straightway regarded by the Sardinians as relics of saints, while many others doubted. On which matter see the Preface to the Lives of the Saints in volume I of February, chapter V, the Sardinia Sacra of Antonio Felice Mattei, chapter III, and the Acts of St. Lucifer, bishop of Cagliari, chapter 11 and appendix Act. SS., vol. V May.. It may also be that this Rosalia is that Rosula who occurs in Galesini and in the martyrology that bears the name of Bede on the 15th day of May: of whom G. Henschen treated at the 15th day of May Act. SS., vol. III May..

Senach. See Irish saints.

St. Severinus, monk of Tivoli, in the Brussels auctarium of Usuard; of whom we treated yesterday.

St. Sevoldus is remembered at this day in Castellanus in these words: In Ponthieu, of St. Sevoldus, confessor, whose relics are preserved at Abbeville in the church of St. Wulfram. Treatment was given of St. Sevoldus at the 16th day of September Act. SS., vol. V Sept., p. 336.. But certain things are to be added here, especially from the distinguished J. Corblet. Who teaches us Hagiographie du diocèse d'Amiens, vol. III, 489. that St. Sevoldus is noted at the 17th day of September in the Proper of Saint-Valery edited in the year 1721, and that he was formerly customarily celebrated on the same day in the church of St. Wulfram at Abbeville. The instrument of the recognition of the relics of the monastery of Saint-Valery, conducted on the 16th and 17th days of August in the year 1651 (not 1643, as Corblet says) in the presence and by the counsel of the Rev. Fr. Adrien Blondin, prior of the religious of the said abbey, contains this: In the chest of St. Sevoldus were found twenty notable bones, with many fragments Act. SS., vol. I April, p. 16, no. 13.. Corblet adds: Adrien Blondin, among his Panegyric Verses [Versus panegyrici in laudem et gloriam SS. Walarici, Blithmundi, Wulganii, Sevoldi et Rithberti. Rouen 1653, in quarto.], adorned these relics with the following four verses:

We have seen too the holy limbs of Sevoldus the martyr,

To whom his blood gave palms, to whom it gave a diadem.

As the furnace purges gold, so suffering purges the just man;

If you love heaven, strive that you may win garlands for yourself.

These relics (so Corblet) were burned at the time of the great French upheaval: but those that were venerated at St. Wulfram's at Abbeville are preserved still in the same place in their own chest. We have a small bone of the same saint in the church of the Holy Sepulchre at Abbeville. But the cult of St. Sevoldus has been effaced in our diocese, where his very name too has been almost entirely given over to oblivion. Finally, let it be noted that in the charter by which Hugh of Firmensis, about the year 1045, handed over to the monastery of Saint-Ouen the monastery of Sigy founded by himself or his father, there is indicated among the possessions of this monastery the church of Mont-Seiwolt Pommeraye, Histoire de l'abbaye de Saint-Ouen, p. 462., which was perhaps so named from our saint.

Theodore, of whom on this day in the Auctarium of the Utrecht Charterhouse Matricula in Sollerius, in these words: Of Theodore, bishop and confessor, seems to be the same as that Theodore or Theuderius of whom treatment was given by us at the 29th day of October Vol. XII Oct., p. 832.. In the calendar of the saints of the Order of St. Benedict from the codex of St. Michael's at Antwerp, which is preserved in manuscript among our papers, the same man is praised at this 2nd day of November in the following tenor: Of St. Theodore, abbot of Vienne in Gaul.

Theodotus, bishop of Laodicea, is celebrated today in the martyrologies of Ado, Usuard, the Roman and others. Since the sanctity of this man seemed doubtful on account of his very close association with the Arian heretics, we brought the ground for doubt before the Holiness of Leo XIII, Roman Pontiff, who at once ordered that report be made of the matter to the Sacred Congregation of Rites. Until the cause of Theodotus is settled by the Roman judges, we have thought that the man should in the meantime be passed over. See the letter given to us on that matter by the Most Eminent Cardinal Bartolini, prefect of the Sacred Congregation of Rites, which we prefixed to volume XIII of October.

Sts. Valentine and Hilary, martyrs, whose memory is celebrated today in the Vatican auctarium of Usuard, will be treated on the 3rd day of November.

St. Vigor is praised today in several martyrologies. Of him we treated on the preceding day.

The canonization or translation or elevation of St. Waldetrude is announced at this day by the Martyrology of Villers, in manuscript of the seventeenth century, kept in our museum, by the Brussels auctarium and Molanus in the additions to the Usuardine martyrology, Andrew Saussay in the Gallican Martyrology, Philip Ferrari in the General Catalogue and the Benedictine martyrologists Arnold Wion, Ménard, Bucelin, Heredia and Cherle, and finally Arthur du Moustier in the sacred Gynæceum. But what pontiff decreed that St. Waldetrude be canonized, what bishop referred her case to him and then elevated her body, has not been discovered, as our John Bolland noted in the prior Commentary on St. Waldetrude at the 9th day of April Act. SS., vol. I April, p. 829., where there is fuller treatment of her.