THE TENTH DAY OF NOVEMBER

SAINTS WHO ARE VENERATED ON THE FOURTH IDES OF NOVEMBER

St. Tryphon, martyr venerated at Rome.

St. Respicius, martyr venerated at Rome.

St. Nympha, martyr venerated at Rome.

St. Demetrian, bishop of Antioch.

St. Orestes, martyr at Tyana in Cappadocia.

St. Nathalena, virgin martyr at Pamiers in Gaul.

St. Tiberius, martyr in the territory of Agde.

St. Florentia, martyr in the territory of Agde.

St. Modestus, martyr in the territory of Agde.

St. Spacius, martyr of Bayeux.

St. Narses, martyr in Persia.

St. Joseph, martyr in Persia.

Companions, martyrs in Persia.

St. Martyrianus or Mari of Beth-Sahde, martyr.

St. Daniel, monk in Persia.

St. Probus, bishop of Ravenna.

St. Monitor, bishop of Orléans.

St. Greallan, confessor in Ireland.

St. Aidus, bishop of Killare in Ireland.

St. Elaeth, confessor on the island of Anglesey.

St. Justus, bishop of Canterbury.

St. Baudolino, confessor at Alessandria of the Statielli.

St. Constantine the Iberian, martyr in Babylonia.

St. John, bishop of Mecklenburg.

St. Ambrose of Massa, confessor at Orvieto.

St. Andrew Avellino, confessor at Naples.

Saints who are venerated in both Scotlands.

PASSED OVER AND REFERRED TO OTHER DAYS

Abrosimus. See Miles.

An elogium of Alquirinus (or Alquierius), a monk of Clairvaux, though with every appellation of saint or blessed omitted, and any indication of a cult after death, is read in Herbert in the Book of Miracles Book III, chapter 15, P. L., volume CLXXXV, col. 1366 – 68. and in almost the same words in the Exordium Magnum [Book IV, chapter 1, Exordia sacri Ordinis Cisterciensis… edited by Master D. Fr. Ignatius de Ybero … but now printed anew according to the Pamplona copy (Rixheim, 1871), p. 278 – 80.]. Most Cistercian hagiographers commemorate the same man among the blessed in their menologies and calendars on the 10th day of November [Angelus Manrique, Laurea evangelica (Barcelona, 1608), p. 415; Kalendarium Sanctorum ac Beatorum maxime illustrium Ord. Cist. (Brussels, 1620); Henriquez, Menologium Cistertiense, p. 377; Chalemotus, Series et vitae SS. ac BB. ac illustrium virorum sacri Ord. Cist. (Paris, 1666), p. 355 – 356; Kalendarium Cisterciense, seu martyrologium sacri Ord. Cist. romanis rubricis accomodatum (Paris, 1689), p. 311.]. Yet they bring forward nothing from which one might even suspect that public cult was ever shown to him.

Amator occurs in the codices in place of Monitor, bishop of Orléans, concerning whom see below.

Of Amesis, otherwise Aminesis, Amnesis, Aniesis, Aniensis, a deacon, mention is made in the Hieronymian martyrologies after Demetrius or Demetrian of Antioch. Whether he was of his company or not is by no means clear.

Andrew. See Serastos.

Andrew, first abbot of Chaalis (Caroli-Locus) in the territory of Senlis, is announced on various days by various authors: on this day by Henriquez in the Menologium Menologium Cistertiense, p. 377., and by Andrew du Saussay among the men of pious memory Martyrologii gallicani pars posterior (Paris, 1637), p. 855.; likewise on this day and on the third day before the Kalends of May in the Cistercian calendar Pp. 114 and 311.; on the 10th day of December by Castellan Martyrologe universel (Paris, 1709), p. 741.. Philip Seguin, himself prior of Chaalis, in a manuscript booklet On the abbots and monks who merited the name of saint, speaks thus, on the testimony of Henriquez: Saint Andrew de Baudimont, from Pontigny, first abbot of Chaalis, obtained the name of saint in the year of the Lord 1142 Work cited, p. 378.. Of a cult, however, nothing further is established.

Arturus announces Angelus of Cosenza today Martyrologium Franciscanum, p. 551.. On him see Gonzaga, De origine seraphicae Religionis, Part II, Province of Calabria, convent VII, p. 541.

Annibonia. See Saturninus.

Two anonymous brothers of the Order of St. Francis, confessors, who flourished at Campobasso in Apulia after the year 1460, are announced today by Arturus, and he adds on the authority of Gonzaga Fr. Gonzaga, De origine Seraphicae religionis (Rome, 1587), p. 423.: Their heads are kept with great veneration in the sacristy of the convent of Saint John of Campobasso (where they lie buried), from which a certain liquid very like manna flowed for a long time Martyrologium Franciscanum, p. 551.. Desiring to be taught more certain things about them, we approached by letter, after our custom, learned men who know the affairs of their country very well, but we received no reply.

Antonius, whom various synaxaria announce Synax. Eccl. CP., p. 209 – 210., is Antoninus, whom we had in others on yesterday's date, and of whom treatment was made in our Acta on the 3rd day of September.

Balaten. See Garsis.

The deposition of Bernard, who was the first of the Latins to be patriarch of the church of Antioch, is inscribed at this day in the codex of the martyrology of Usuard which Sollerius called "of Brussels" and whose authority he warned was not to be rated highly Martyrologium Usuardi, Preface, p. LX, num. 233.. Hence the credit of this mention, which is read nowhere else, is already doubtful. That Bernard, indeed, born at Valence, was chaplain to Adhemar, bishop of Le Puy, in the first expedition of the crusaders [Ordericus Vitalis, Historia ecclesiastica, Part III, book 10, 21, P. L., volume CLXXXVIII, p. 775; William, archbishop of Tyre, Historia rerum in partibus transmarinis gestarum, book VI, chapter 24, Recueil des historiens des Croisades, Historiens occidentaux, volume I, 1 (Paris, 1844), p. 274 – 75.]. After northern Syria had been taken by storm, he was bishop of Maschenia (Maskenā) Ordericus Vitalis, place cited or of Artasia William of Tyre, place cited (Artāh) near Berrhoea (Halab). Then, in the summer of the year 1100, when John, patriarch of the Greeks at Antioch, was compelled to leave his see and his city [Ordericus Vitalis, place cited. William of Tyre, softening the truth of the matter, relates that John abdicated the office of his own accord and willingly and withdrew to Constantinople. Historia, place cited. Compare B. Kugler, Boemund und Tankred (Tübingen, 1862), pp. 21. 66; R. Röhricht, Geschichte des Königreichs Jerusalem (1100 – 1291), (Innsbruck, 1898), p. 98.], Bernard was substituted in his place, at the command of Bohemond, duke of Antioch, to whom Adhemar on his deathbed had commended him as a special friend to a special friend Ordericus Vitalis, place cited. William, archbishop of Tyre, reports his death in the series of events of the year 1135, using these words Historia, book XIV, chapter 10, volume cited, p. 619.: About the same time, the lord Bernard of good memory, a man of very great age, simple and fearing God, the first patriarch of the Latins at Antioch, in the thirty-sixth year of his pontificate, entered upon the way of all flesh. Neither from this elogium nor from elsewhere can it be gathered that the honours of the blessed were paid to him. Certainly not a few things are read in the histories to his praise, yet nothing which would seem to have won him a reputation for eminent sanctity. Indeed Bernard is even said, not without a certain ambition, to have taken care to enlarge the rights and dominion of his see. There survive several letters of Paschal II, the Roman Pontiff, in which reply is made to his complaints, or disputes are settled which he had more than once with the bishops of Syria and with the patriarch of Jerusalem himself over jurisdiction [R. Röhricht, Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII – MCCXCI), (Innsbruck, 1893), num. 34, 66, 72, 73.]. Moreover, on the 8th day of July of the year 1128, Honorius II, through apostolic letters and through the venerable brother… Giles, bishop of Tusculum, legate of the apostolic See, commands Bernard to restore the suffragans of the church of Tyre to the obedience of the patriarch of Jerusalem; and they, unless they should obey the mandate within forty days, are interdicted from the episcopal office [William of Tyre, Historia, book XIII, chapter 23, volume cited, p. 592; compare Röhricht, Regesta regni Hierosolymitani, num. 123.]. Certainly, even among the saints contentions of this kind are not unheard of; but they are usually outweighed by the merits of other virtues, which, it must be confessed, do not seem conspicuous enough here. There is therefore no room for doubting that the Brussels interpolator of Usuard placed Bernard, patriarch of Antioch, among the saints on his own initiative. Yet thanks are due to him for this, that he alone has preserved his death-day from oblivion.

Calliopius. See Nereus.

Candidianus. See Eustocius.

Catherine Tortolez, a Poor Clare nun, is announced by Arturus Martyrologium Franciscanum, p. 550., with every proof of cult omitted.

Catulla, a matron, has already twice been relegated by our predecessors among the passed-over, on the 31st day of March and the 9th of October Act. SS., March volume III, p. 899; Oct. volume IV, p. 564., and in the latter place indeed she seemed by no means to be received among the saints, because nothing at all was established about her ecclesiastical cult. Nor is it any more established by the fact that on this day these words are found written in one of the auctaria of Usuard: At Paris, of Catulla, a most noble matron Sollerius, p. 666.. For many names, drawn from the histories of the saints, crept into the martyrologies of a later age which no church inscribed in its fasti. For the rest, what has been handed down about Catulla is collected in the commentary on St. Denis Act. SS., Oct. volume IV, in the historical index, under the word Catulla.. Here I shall add one thing: that the monk of Saint-Denis at Paris who in the ninth century wrote the deeds of Dagobert I M. G., Scr. rer. merov., volume II, p. 401., and who made use of the Passion of SS. Denis, Rusticus and Eleutherius [Act. SS., Oct. volume IV, p. 794; B. Krusch, in M. G., Auct. ant. volume IV, p. 104.], wrongly derived from the matron Catulla the name of the village which was called Catulliacus. For it is plain that the word is derived from Catullius [H. d' Arbois de Jubainville, Recherches sur l'origine de la propriete fonciere et les noms de lieux habites en France (Paris, 1890), p. 214.].

St. Cunibert, bishop of Cologne, is commemorated today in certain interpolated copies of Usuard, by Maurolycus and by Ferrarius in the Catalogus generalis. Of him we shall have to treat shortly at the 12th day.

The name of the parish Llechgynfarwy preserves the trace of St. Cynfarwy, the founder of that church [Llech Gynfarw is read in the codex Peniarth 147, written about the year 1566, in J. Gwenogvryn Evans, Report on Manuscripts in the Welsh Language, volume I, Part II (1899), p. 912, col. 2. Owen Jones, Cymru, volume II, p. 186, col. 2, gives Llechcynfarwy (sic). Llechgynfarwy correctly, as it seems, Baring-Gould and Fisher, Lives of the British Saints, volume II, p. 243.], otherwise Llangynfarwy [Llangynvarwy is read in the index of the parishes of Wales which the learned and distinguished John Davies of Mallwyd added to the codex called Llyvyr John Brooke o Vowddwy, copied in the year 1590 – 1591, in J. G. Evans, place cited, note 12. That form of the name seems not yet to have been altogether abolished; compare Baring-Gould and Fisher, place cited.]; this lies about five miles to the south-west of Llanerchymedd, in the northern part of the island of Anglesey. There, in a field near the cemetery, almost fifty years ago, stood a stone about nine feet high, of the highest antiquity, as it seems. This, commonly called Maen Llechgwenfarwydd (that is, if we see anything, the Stone of Llechgynfarwy), or Maen Lechgynfarwy, was widely believed to be the monument of St. Cynfarwy. Towards the end of the nineteenth century it was removed Owen Jones, place cited; Baring-Gould and Fisher, place cited.. The collectanea of Lewis Morris, gathered in the year 1760 from several old codices, as he himself reports, give this pedigree of St. Cynfarwy: Kynvarwy ap Awy ap Llehenog, Arglwydd Kernyw Myvyrian Archaiology, ed. 2, p. 422, col. 1.; that is, that Cynfarwy was sprung from a certain Awy, son of Llehenog, lord of Cornwall, whoever these were. Nothing else about St. Cynfarwy has become known to us, except that he is numbered among the twelve companions of St. Cybi [In the codex called Llyvyr John Brooke o Vowddwy, in Baring-Gould and Fisher, work cited, volume IV, p. 383, col. 1.]. His feast is appointed on the 10th day of November in the codex Peniarth 187 [In J. G. Evans, volume cited, p. 1014; compare Baring-Gould and Fisher, work cited, volume I, p. 75, col. 2, and volume II, p. 243.]; but other authors record St. Cynfarwy on other days, on the 7th day of November [Browne Willis, A Survey of… Bangor (London, 1721); Angharad Llwyd, A History of the Island of Mona or Anglesey (Ruthin, 1833); Rice Rees, An Essay on the Welsh Saints; others. Compare Baring-Gould and Fisher, volume II, place cited.], on the 8th day of November [A calendar copied out about the year 1500, in Iolo Manuscripts, p. 152, col. 2; Llyfr Plygain, ed. 5 (1618), and Llyfr Plygain, ed. Dr. John Davies of Mallwyd (1633), in the calendar. Compare Baring-Gould and Fisher, volumes I and II, places cited.], on the 11th day of November [Codex Peniarth 219, copied about the year 1615, ed. J. G. Evans, volume cited, p. 1043 – 45; compare Baring-Gould and Fisher, volumes I and II, places cited.]. But since the names Cyngar and Cynfarwy seem to have flowed from one source [See The Text of the Book of Llan Dâv, ed. J. G. Evans and J. Rhys (Oxford, 1893), p. 392, col. 1, under the word Cinguarui, and p. 393, col. 2, under the words Conguare, Conguaret, Conguarui.], and Cungar, the companion and disciple of St. Cybi, is venerated in North Wales and the island of Anglesey on the 7th day of November [Act. SS., Nov. volume III, p. 404, num. 6; Cyngar Sant, in Anal. Boll., volume XLII, p. 105 – 106; compare ibid., pp. 107 – 108, 116 – 17.], I rather think that one and the same saint is called by a double name, Cyngar and Cynfarwy; even though in the catalogue of the companions of St. Cybi both Cyngar and Cynvarwy are named Baring-Gould and Fisher, volume IV, place cited.. Nor does it seem that what has been written about St. Cungar should be repeated in this place [Act. SS., Nov. volume cited, p. 403 – 407; Cyngar Sant, in Anal. Boll., volume cited, p. 100 – 120.].

Cyprian. See Mabrinus.

The Abyssinian synaxarium announces the dedication of the church in the monastery of Calmon Codex Aethiop. 126 of the National Library of Paris, fol. 74v.. Calmon, called Qalamūn by the Arabs, Calamōn in Coptic, was a monastery in the vast wilderness of the province of the Faiyum in Egypt [E. Amélineau, La Géographie de l'Égypte à l'époque copte (Paris, 1893), p. 337 – 38.]. It was founded not long before the invasion of the Arabs by the abbot Samuel, who erected in it a church under the title of the Virgin Mother of God. Of its dedication we have read nothing narrated in the fragments of the Coptic Life of Samuel, BHO. 1035, nor in the Ethiopic epitome, BHO. 1036. But Abu Ṣāliḥ the Armenian testifies that this in fact took place on the 14th day of the month Hatūr, which is the 10th of November, as the Abyssinian synaxarium reports [Ed. B. T. A. Evetts, The Churches and Monasteries of Egypt, in Anecdota Oxoniensia, Semitic Series, Part VII (1895), p. 206 – 208; compare F. M. Esteves Pereira, Vida do Abba Samuel do mosteiro do Kalamon (Lisbon, 1894), p. 191 – 97; in which work you will find collected other testimonies about the monastery of Calamon, from Ethiopic and Arabic sources.]. It is to be hoped that other documents will be brought to light before our successors have to treat of the life of Samuel at the 4th day of December (Choiak 8).

Didacus de Lugo, a lay brother of the Order of Minors, buried at Salamanca, is announced by Arturus Martyrologium Franciscanum, p. 551.. No proof of cult is available to us.

Donatus, otherwise Donata, is numbered among the companions of St. Saturninus, an African martyr otherwise unknown, in codices B, W and others of the Hieronymian martyrology.

A saint Eclus is read at this day in those fasti of the saints of Ireland, worked out with little enough zeal and care by an unknown writer, which Philip O'Sullivan Beare put into print [Historiae Catholicae Iberniae Compendium (Lisbon, 1621), book IV, chapter XI, p. 48; ed. M. Kelly (Dublin, 1850), p. 51.]. But an error of the typesetter must be corrected, who put cl for d; for we have found no Eclus anywhere, and in a work which records only the more illustrious saints of Ireland, Edus, or Aidus, bishop of Killare, certainly ought to have been inserted on the 10th day of November.

Ephraem, who in the synaxaria is styled ὁμολογητής and ἐπίσκοπος Οὐνίας Synax. Eccl. CP., p. 212., is otherwise unknown.

Erastus. See Olympas.

Ermegardis. See Irmgardis.

Of Eustocius (otherwise Eostosius) and his companions, to whom codices B, W add Januarius, and others also Candidianus, there is an announcement of the Hieronymian martyrologies which we can illustrate with no commentary.

Evodius, a disciple of the apostles, is announced in the martyrology of Sliba Anal. Boll., volume XXVII, p. 167.. Write Rhodion in its place with confidence; compare Olympas below.

Greven affirms that the passion of St. Felix II, pope, is recalled on this day by some. It has already been spoken of at the 29th day of July. What the very distinguished L. Duchesne wrote about each Felix buried on the Via Aurelia should be read Le Liber Pontificalis, volume I, pp. CXXV, 211..

Garsis (Gārsis) and Balaten (Balāṭen), recorded at this day in the Abyssinian synaxarium, if we see anything clearly, are the same as Harsios, that is Horsiesius, and Baṭlān the physician, who are recalled by the Copts, the former on the 15th day of the month Epip (July 9), the latter on the 19th of Epip (July 13) Anal. Boll., volume XL, p. 107.. That they have fallen in here, however, will surprise only those who have not yet experienced Ethiopic carelessness.

Saussay commemorates today the translation of St. Genevieve, virgin of Paris, whose words Bolland copied out, January volume I, p. 1089. But now it is manifest that this translation is the same one of which mention had been made by Saussay himself at the 28th day of October. Compare Act. SS., Oct. volume XII, p. 411. The history of the translation was written by a contemporary author, James of Dinant (compare BHL. 3349, 3350).

On the 10th day of November in the liturgical books of the Iberians the feast of St. George the martyr is widely announced: which is the proper commemoration of his suspension on the torture-wheel. See, for example, the Iberian hymnary of the tenth century and the synaxarium of St. George the Hagiorite in C. Kekelidze, (Tiflis, 1908), pp. 381, 239. Therefore enough has already been said elsewhere, in its own place, about the subject of this feast.

The memory of St. George, bishop of Lodève, was transferred in a more recent age to this day. Following the more ancient fasti, we treated of him on the 9th day of November.

St. George, apostle of the Velavi and, as they say, first prelate of the church of Le Velay, would have to be illustrated by us on this day above all, on which very many testimonies confirm that his sacred memory was celebrated from ancient times, as our predecessors noted once and again Act. SS., Aug. volume IV, p. 399; Oct. volume XI, p. 393.. But since on the 12th day of this month we must treat of Saints Evodius, Scutarius, Aurelius, Ermentarius, Suacrius, and at the same time of the beginnings of the see of Le Puy, it seems the wiser counsel to refer George to that day.

Gerembaldus. See Werembaldus.

The feast of St. Gobrian, bishop of Vannes, is appointed on the 10th day of November in the more recent liturgical monuments of that diocese. His cult was formerly on the third day before the Nones of November, on which day our predecessors treated of him Act. SS., Nov. volume II, part I, p. 72 – 73.; but with this intention, as it seems, that Gobrian should not every year run into St. Guenhael, or Wenailus, abbot of Landévennec, his feast was postponed, first to the Nones [Both at the third day before the Nones and at the Nones the feast is inscribed in the manuscript Missal of Vannes of the fourteenth century, now in the library of the city of Rouen, shelfmarked A 434, Duine, Bréviaires et Missels des églises et abbayes bretonnes de France (Rennes, 1905), p. 141 – 42, num. 51. At the third day before the Nones only, the commemoration of St. Gobrian in the mass of St. Guanhael is appointed by the Missal of Vannes printed at Paris in the year 1535, whose sole copy not at Vannes, but

Alraii is preserved (compare Duine, work cited, p. 143, num. 53). Only at the Nones is the feast of St. Gobrian read in the Missale ad usum Ecclesie Venetensis (Paris, 1530), in J.-M. Le Mené, Histoire du diocèse de Vannes, volume I (Vannes, 1888), p. 516. At both again in the Breviary of Vannes of the year 1589, concerning which see Duine, work cited, p. 123, num. 49. This translation of the feast to the Nones seems by chance to have escaped the very learned Francis Duine, in what he wrote at length and with erudition about St. Gobrian, first Notes sur les Saints bretons. Deuxième partie: Saints de Brocéliande. II. Saint Gobrien, in L'Hermine, volume XXX (1904), pp. 59 – 65, 115 – 23, 167 – 72, etc.; afterwards Les Saints de Brocéliande. II. Saint Gobrien (Paris, 1904). Compare the same author, Memento des sources hagiographiques de l'histoire de Bretagne. Première partie (Rennes, 1918), p. 72 – 73, num. 38. In these matters the kindness of the learned Canon Joseph Moisan, secretary to the bishop of Vannes, helped us very greatly.], soon to the fourth day before the Ides of November. This usage still prevails [Proprium sanctorum dioecesis Venetensis. Pars aestivalis (Vannes, 1630), in the calendar at the 10th day of November (compare at the 3rd day of November and Act. SS., Nov. volume cited, p. 72, num. 2.) and p. 22 – 25; Proprium sanctorum dioecesis Venetensis (Vannes, 1652), pp. 24 (compare p. 23 and Act. SS., ibid., num. 3), 44 – 46; the calendar of the Proprium of Vannes printed in the year 1660, edited by Tresvaux, Les Vies des Saints de Bretagne … par Dom G.-A. Lobineau, volume I (Paris, 1836), p. XXXV, col. 2; Officia sanctorum propria ecclesiae et dioecesis Venetensis (Vannes, 1757), in the calendar and p. 136 – 39; Proprium missarum sanctorum diocesis Venetensis (no place, no year 19th century), p. 10; Ordo divini officii Venetensis, 1854, 1899, 1908 – 1913.].

Castellan records St. Gregory III, pope, today; of him we shall have to treat at the day festal to him, which is the 28th of this month.

The memory of St. Guenael is inscribed today in a more recent hand in the calendar of a certain breviary of Saint-Victor at Paris written in the year 1392 (cod. Paris. B. N. lat. 14279; compare Catal. Lat. Paris., volume III, p. 717). On him see at the 3rd day of November, volume I, p. 669 – 79.

Harsios (Horsiesius). See Garsis.

Of St. Herculanus, whom the Hermits of St. Augustine commemorate today Catal. Lat. Paris., volume III, p. 717., we spoke at the 7th day of this month Act. SS., Nov. volume III, p. 322..

Januarius. See Eustocius.

Challoner read in Ussher Britannicarum ecclesiarum antiquitates, second edition, p. 498., or rather dreamed that he had read, that St. Illand (otherwise Illund, Illadan, Iolladan), bishop and abbot of Raith Liphthen in Meath, a region of Ireland [Hogan, Onomasticon Goedelicum, p. 573, under the words Ráith Libthen and Ráith Lipthen; today Rathlihen, a place in the parish of Killoughy, barony of Ballyboy, King's County. Census of Ireland, 1901, General Topographical Index, p. 792.], and master of St. Aidus of Killare As is read in the Lives of St. Aidus, which we put into print at this day., is venerated today together with his disciple [A Memorial of British Piety or a British Martyrology, p. 175; where Ilaud is a misprint for Iland.]. For the very learned writer had taken care not to bring in here a saint whom the ancient monuments expressly record at the 10th day of June [Compare Colgan, Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae, p. 422, note 7; O'Hanlon, Lives of the Irish Saints, volume IV, p. 611 – 14.].

John of Qartamin, commemorated in the martyrology of Sliba Anal. Boll., volume XXVII, p. 167., seems to be one of the more distinguished men of the monastery of Qartamin, perhaps that head of the monastery who at the beginning of the eleventh century restored among the Syrians of the region of Tur Abdin the use of the "strongyle" script Ibid., pp. 167, 136.. But even if this conjecture has hit upon the truth, it is not established that a man who deserved well of Syriac letters was held in the number of the saints.

That John Scotus or Eriugena, that most celebrated writer of the ninth century, after he had lived in Gaul and written the books which all know, at length set out for England and there, having been made a monk in the monastery of Malmesbury and killed by wicked boys, died a martyr, is a fable which several writers have brought forward after William of Malmesbury (Gesta pontificum Anglorum, V, 240; Gesta regum Anglorum, II, 122). And when he had thus been co-opted among the saints, he was inscribed on the 10th day of November in the more recent martyrologies for no other reason than that on that very day another John is venerated, he too a Scot, I mean John, bishop of Mecklenburg, of whom more below. The first to transfer the natal day of the one John to the other was Trithemius, in the work De viris illustribus O. S. Benedicti, volume III, chapter 212; he was followed by those who prepared the first edition of the Roman martyrology in the year 1583, stained with many faults, then by other martyrologists such as Arnold Wion, Dempster, Camerarius, Ferrarius, Ménard, Saussay, Bucelin. But already from the year 1586 Baronius struck the name of that fictitious saint out of the Roman martyrology.

Jonas, a bishop, whom Sliba announces on the 10th day of the month of the latter Teshrin Anal. Boll., volume XXVII, pp. 142, 167., seems by a slip of the pen to have taken his name from Nonnus the bishop, of whom above among the passed-over at the 9th day of November P. 7..

Bl. Joseph of Gubbio, of the Order of Minors, who is announced by Arturus Martyrologium Franciscanum, p. 493. at the 5th day of October (compare Act. SS., Oct. volume III, p. 4), is said to have died today and is praised by Louis Jacobilli Vite de' Santi e Beati dell' Umbria, volume III (Foligno, 1661), p. 23., a man exceptionally practised in the histories of Umbria. Yet beyond the appellation of blessed he brings forward nothing from which he would indicate public veneration.

That Bl. Irmgard, virgin, countess of Zutphen, was formerly venerated not only on the 4th day of September but also on the 10th of November, we are taught both by that manuscript Florarium [Act. SS., Sept. volume II, p. 270, num. 1. See also the edition of Usuard prepared by Greven at this day: Ermegardis comitissae Zutphaniae.] which was kept in the library of the hagiographers from the time of Bolland Compare Act. SS., Jan. volume I, p. LII., and by a copy of the Latin Life (BHL. 4470) which was found among the miscellanies of Gelenius [Compare P. Norrenberg, Die hl. Irmgardis von Süchteln (Bonn, 1894), pp. 33 – 34, 40, 43; Joseph Kleinermanns, Die hl. Irmgardis von Aspel (Köln, 1900), pp. 23, 33.]. After our Suysken Act. SS., Sept. volume II, p. 270 – 78., P. Norrenberg Work cited. Compare Anal. Boll., volume XIV, p. 451. and J. Kleinermanns Work cited. Compare Anal. Boll., volume XX, p. 348 – 49. have written things about her worth reading.

The festival of St. Justus, who was venerated in various places of Egypt Anal. Boll., volume XL, p. 359., was held in the city of Oxyrhynchus on the 14th day of the month Athyr, that is, the 10th of November, which is marked in the calendar as ἡμέρα αὐτοῦ Anal. Boll., volume XLII, pp. 84, 90..

Justina. See Mabrinus.

Lazarus, ὅσιος πατὴρ καὶ ἀοίδιμος, of whom in the Menaea Synax. Eccl. CP., p. 211., we judge to be the Galesiote, who is commemorated in his proper place at the 7th day of November, both in other copies Ibid., p. 203. Compare p. 964. and in our Acta.

At Rome, the deposition of St. Leo, bishop, is celebrated, on the testimony of the Hieronymian martyrology. In the Liber Pontificalis the day was wrongly noted Duchesne, Le Liber Pontificalis, volume I, pp. 239, 241. on which the holy pontiff was treated in our work too, the third day before the Ides of April, or the 11th of April.

Tamayo de Salazar announces at length today St. Leo, bishop of Egara, venerated at Milleduno (Milloz) in Spain. That is to say, he transferred from Gaul into his own Spain, as he often did with other saints, also St. Leo or Leonius, confessor of Melun (Melodunum), who is venerated today. But he relies solely on those notebooks of Luitprand, which all now know to be as spurious as anything could be.

St. Leo or Leonius, confessor, in the town of Melun, occurs today in the Roman martyrology and a few others. Walter, abbot of Saint-Pierre of Melun in the tenth century, is praised "in the Life or Miracles of St. Leonius, confessor, whose translation from the suburban church dedicated to his name into the basilica of Saint-Pierre he procured Gallia Christiana, volume XII, p. 172.." We have sought the booklet in vain, nor has it fallen to us to find anything about St. Leonius besides a letter of 1614 given to our Heribert Rosweyde by Sebastian Rolliard of Melun [Among the Collectanea Bollandiana, cod. of the Royal Library of Brussels 8936 – 38.]. For the rest, his memory was kept at Melun and in other places [Sollerius, Martyrologium Usuardi, pp. 665, 668. In a Paris Missal of the thirteenth century the feast of St. Leo, Conf., double, is also inscribed on the 12th day of November, and on the 19th of the same month the Octave of St. Leo, IX lessons. Codex of the Mazarine Library 442. Likewise in a Missal of the thirteenth century, cod. of the National Library 1112, on the same day, fol. 21: Of St. Leonius, Confessor.] not on the 10th but on the 12th of November, at which a treatment of his Acta will be undertaken, if it shall please God.

St. Leonard is said to be inscribed today in the calendar of a certain missal of Poitiers of the fifteenth century Compare Catal. Lat. Paris., volume III, p. 717.. On him see at the 6th day, volume III, p. 139 – 209.

Liberius, martyr of Agde, of whom in the Brussels Usuard Sollerius, Martyrologium Usuardi, p. 665., is no other than Tiberius, whose Acta we shall give shortly.

The translation of St. Ludmila is announced today in certain martyrologies and was long venerated in the dioceses of Prague and Olomouc; see at the 16th day of September, volume V, p. 339, num. 2, p. 351, num. 64. Our Suysken treated of Ludmila herself, ibid., p. 339 – 63. His commentary rests for the greatest part on the Life written by Christian the monk; which, after it had been commonly represented for almost the whole of the nineteenth century as a spurious work and of altogether suspect credit, at length by arguments

by no means to be despised, it has been restored to its former authority, although not yet with all. Compare Anal. Boll., volume XXII, p. 224.

Arturus records Bl. Louis of Geneva, confessor, at Cluses in the territory of Geneva, illustrious for the grace of miracles Martyrologium Franciscanum, p. 550., relying solely on the testimony of Jacques Fodéré ["F. Louys, natif de Genève, lequel est tenu pour béat, d'autant qu'il a fait plusieurs miracles bien evidens apres sa mort par la guérison de certaines maladies incurables de leur nature, les malades ayant faict leur dévotion sur sa fosse." [Brother Louis, a native of Geneva, who is held to be blessed, inasmuch as he worked several quite evident miracles after his death by the healing of certain diseases incurable by their nature, the sick having made their devotion at his grave.] Jacques Fodere, Narration historique et topographique des convens de l'ordre de S. François… de la province anciennement appelée de Bourgogne, à présent de S. Bonaventure (Lyon, 1619), p. 844.].

The translation of St. Louis, O. F. M., bishop of Toulouse, celebrated liturgically on this day from the year 1484 through several centuries by the family of St. Francis of Assisi, was gradually displaced by the feast of St. Andrew Avellino, which by order of Pope Clement XI in the year 1712 was to be kept every year by the universal church with public rite on the same day Acta SS., Nov. volume III, p. 746 – 47..

Mabrinus (Mabrinos), Taratina (Ṭarāṭinā) and Iastina (Iiasṭinā), who are announced today in the Abyssinian synaxarium, can be none other than Cyprian and Justina, between whom there has quite absurdly insinuated himself Terentius, or Tertius, the same who is recorded at this day in the Greek calendars.

Marcian, bishop of a city of Thrace, who, having been driven into exile by the Arians, is venerated in Ethiopia, is recorded by Castellan alone; but by the mention of Ethiopia thrown in he sufficiently betrays that he copied out the calendar of Ludolf, where at the 14th day of Chedar Martianus (Martiiānos), bishop, is announced. Ludolf himself borrowed this elogium from the Ethiopic synaxarium, into which, through the Alexandrian synaxarium, there flowed down the small memorial Μαρτίνου ἐπισκόπου Ταρακίνης, who is himself St. Martin, bishop of Tours, as will be said in its place.

St. Martin I, pope, although all the more notable historical martyrologies commemorate him today, for instance those of Ado, of Usuard, of others, and the liturgical books teach that his feast was celebrated on this very day in many places Compare Catal. Lat. Paris., volume III, p. 717., is nevertheless inscribed in the Roman martyrology at the 12th day, on which day we too shall treat of him.

Martin, bishop Ταρακίνης, otherwise Φραγγίας, so in the synaxaria Synax. Eccl. CP., p. 210 – 211., is the bishop of Tours, who is venerated on the following day.

Maura is announced in the synaxaria now alone, now joined with Timothy Synax. Eccl. CP., p. 210 – 11.. Of both it was said in passing yesterday, at length at the 3rd day of May.

St. Maurus, bishop of Verdun, whose feast was formerly celebrated today both at Verdun [See among others the Martyrology of Trier (Anal. Boll., volume II, p. 31), the Missal of Saint-Maur of Verdun of the thirteenth century (cod. Paris, Bibl. Nat. lat. 4); the Breviary of Verdun printed in the year 1625; the interpolated codices of Usuard in Sollerius at this day. Compare also Act. SS., Sept. volume II, p. 225, num. 18.] and elsewhere Compare Catal. Lat. Paris., volume III, p. 717., is inscribed in the Roman martyrology on the 8th day, in the present calendar of the diocese of Verdun on the 16th of this month. Our Limpens collected what he could about him at the 4th day of September Act. SS., volume cited, p. 221 – 25., on which day the translation of the holy prelate is recalled.

St. Mennas, confessor, who is announced today at Benevento in the codex of Usuard Vatican lat. 5949, formerly of Santa Sabina of Benevento, is certainly the same as Mennas the solitary in Samnium, of whom tomorrow.

Miles, bishop of Susa, Abrosimus, priest, and Sina, deacon, martyrs in Persia, are recalled on the 10th day of November in certain codices of the Greek synaxaria [Synax. Eccl. CP., p. 212; compare Assemani, Acta Martyrum Orientalium, p. 61 – 62.]. Their Chaldaic Acts BHO. 772. report that they died on the 13th moon of the latter month of Teshrin, which by the reckoning of the ancients could not fall on the 10th day of November. If Evodius Assemani indeed saw rightly that the holy martyrs were killed in the year 341, the 32nd of Shapur Ibid., p. 65., their death-day would have to be reckoned the 7th of November, on which they are nowhere found recorded in the calendars. But since that year is uncertain, and the chronology of the Chaldaic Acts does not deserve undoubted credit, there is no reason why we should desert the authority of the better codices, in which the feast of St. Miles and his companions is assigned to the 13th day of November [Butler-de Ram, Vies des Pères, Martyrs et autres principaux saints, volume VI, p. 118, deceived by a misprint of the typesetters in Assemani, place cited, judges that in the year 341 the 13th moon of the latter month of Teshrin fell on the Kalends of November, and that the deposition of the martyrs was inscribed in the synaxaria at the 10th day of November. This conjecture falls together with the error on which it rested.]. See also Act. SS., Apr. volume III, p. 21, where St. Miles is recorded from Sozomen in the band of Persian martyrs at the 20th day.

Nereus (otherwise Nirus) with Calliopius and Orestes are announced in the synaxaria Synax. Eccl. CP., p. 212.. It is doubtful, however, whether they were companions in martyrdom. For the commemoration of Orestes of Tyana is kept on the same day, whose name accordingly is to be deleted in this place. About the rest everything is unknown. There is a place where Nereus and Calliopius are styled Ἥραιος καὶ Καλλιοπή Ibid., p. 210., Nereus and Orestes also Orion Ibid., p. 212..

Nilus is commemorated today in a few codices, in most on the 12th day of November.

He who is styled Nirus in the Menaea is called Nereus in most synaxaria.

Nitor, bishop of Orléans, which is the reading of the breviary of Reichenau, is easily emended to Monitor, of whom more fully below.

Who St. Nonnus was Synax. Eccl. CP., p. 212. we said yesterday.

St. Notarius, bishop, who is announced today at Orléans in Belinus, Molanus Sollerius, Martyrologium Usuardi, p. 665 – 66. and Ferrarius Catalogus generalis sanctorum, p. 437., is certainly to us none other than Monitor, bishop of this see, of whom shortly. Since he found no Notarius in the series of the bishops of Orléans, Saussay judged that the matter could be settled thus, by writing: Of the holy Aurelius Notarius, a bishop of most noted piety, but of uncertain see, unhappily indeed Martyrologium Gallicanum, volume II, p. 1194..

Olympas, Rhodion, Sosipater, Tertius, Erastus, Quartus, whose names St. Paul brings forward in chapter XVI of the Epistle to the Romans, and who the synaxaria relate were of the seventy disciples and suffered various things or presided over churches Synax. Eccl. CP., p. 209., are also commemorated on the 30th day of June with the other apostles and disciples Ibid., p. 786. Compare p. 1023..

Onesiphorus and Porphyrius, whom we find in some books on the 10th day of November, occur for the most part on the 9th.

Orion, of whom mention is made today in the Menaea with Calliopius and Nirus (Nereus), is called Orestes in most synaxaria.

Porphyrius. See Onesiphorus.

Quartus. See Olympas.

Ferrarius, Saussay, Castellan and the breviary of Clermont of the year 1774 commemorate today St. Quintian, bishop of Auvergne. Of him treatment will be made at the day on which he is announced in the Roman martyrology, which is the 13th of November.

Rhodion. See Olympas.

Robert de Bellovisu, a martyr of the Order of Preachers, whom our predecessors commemorated among the passed-over on the 10th day of May, is praised on this day in the more recent edition of the Année Dominicaine Année Dominicaine, new edition, November, volume I (Lyon, 1906), p. 404..

The sacred day of the prophet Samuel among the Greeks and Latins is the 20th of August, at which day our predecessors spoke of his history as they then could Acta SS., Aug. volume IV, p. 6 – 16.. Most Orientals, Syrians and Armenians, do not depart from the Greeks in this. The mention of the prophet Samuel, therefore, which crept into the calendar of Berrhoea of the sixteenth century at the 10th day of the latter month of Teshrin, is a stray one Nau, Patrologia Orientalis, volume X, p. 65.. Perhaps a certain Jacobite writer was deceived by this, that he found somewhere an anticipated mention of St. Samuel of Qalamun, whom he himself announces at the 5th day of December [Ibid., p. 67. By a not dissimilar error Sliba too was deluded, who announces the prophet Samuel indeed on his proper day at the 20th of August, but nevertheless names him at the 9th day of December, certainly in place of Samuel of Qalamun, whose feast falls on the 8th day of the month Choiak (4th of December). Compare Anal. Boll., volume XXVII, pp. 159, 143, 190, 170; BHO. 1035 – 1036.].

In Africa, of Saturninus, Annibonia and eighteen others (otherwise seventeen). Of these martyrs, who are listed in the Hieronymian martyrologies, no Acts are had. Whether they are those who in the calendar of Carthage are announced on the [ ] Ides of November under the name of the holy Capitani Act. SS., Nov. volume II, p. [LXXI.], I should not dare to decide.

Serastos (Serāsṭos), who is announced in the Abyssinian synaxarium, is probably the same as Orestes, whose Acta will be elucidated in their place at this day. But Andrew, whom he seems to have here as a companion, is altogether unknown.

Sina. See Miles.

Sosipater. See Olympas.

"At Cagliari, the festival of the finding of the body of St. Speratus, martyr, and of others almost innumerable." So Ferrarius at this day, and he adds by way of commentary: "On Speratus and his companions, martyrs, the Roman martyrology on the 17th day of July. But his body is at Lyon in Gaul. Perhaps this one is different from that one Catalogus generalis sanctorum (Venice, 1625), p. 436 – 37.." No one is unaware that very many bodies and inscriptions were found in Sardinia in the seventeenth century which they judged to be those of martyrs. Archbishop Francisco de Esquivel narrates that the relics of St. Speratus were found in the place called San Sperato, in the diocese of Cagliari [G. Casalis, Dizionario geografico degli stati di S. M. il re di Sardegna, volume XVIII, p. 754.], and copies out the inscription

† HIC SVNT RELIC…

SPERATI ET Mȳ.M…

D… RVMASIO EPIS…

Here are the relic(s)… of Speratus and of many… by …rumasius, bishop…

which he interprets thus: Here are the relics of St. Speratus and of many, laid up by Brumasius the bishop, adding that St. Brumasius, bishop of Cagliari, a most watchful pastor, in the year 1493 built the church of the place called San Sperato in order to lay up the relics of St. Speratus there [Reclacion de la invencion de los Cuerpos santos que en los años 1614, 1615. y 1616. fueron hallados en varias Yglesias de la Ciudad de Caller y su Arçobispado (Napoles, 1617), p. 96 – 97.]. How great

caution these things are to be received is very well known to all who have touched on the hagiographical affairs of Sardinia even in passing. When St. Speratus began to be patron of the place it would greatly matter to find out; but it has not fallen to us to find anything on the matter.

Terentius (Tertius). See Mabrinus.

Tertius. See Olympas.

Of St. Theoctista of Lesbos, whose Life is inserted in the menologies of the Greeks and whose commemoration in the Roman martyrology at the 10th day of November, we gave the Acta at the 9th day, on which she is recalled in the synaxaria.

The Acta of Theodore the Studite we shall try to illustrate neither on the 10th day nor on the 11th, which is his natal day, but on the 12th, on which he is inscribed in the Roman martyrology [In the edition, however, which came out at Rome most recently, that is in the year 1924 (and not in the year 1922, as it is inscribed), he is announced on the 11th day.].

Theodore, that youth who at Antioch under Julian was most cruelly tortured, yet was left surviving, as we have from Rufinus, Hist. eccl., X, 38, some more recent writers place among the saints of this day [Compare Sollerius, Martyrologium Usuardi, p. 666; Peter de Natalibus, Catalogus Sanctorum, X, 43; The Martiloge translated by R. Whytford (London, 1893), p. 176. The Theodore who is inscribed in the calendar of Milan of the year 1465 (D. Giorgi, Martyrologium Adonis, p. 719) we judge to be not that one of Antioch but the one of Euchaita, driven from his place by St. Aurelius, who was venerated with him the day before.]. By what right, we have not yet been able to make out.

Of Theodore, bishop of Sicca and confessor, there is an announcement by Greven Compare Sollerius, Martyrologium Usuardi, p. 666.. Whytford calls the same a bishop of the highest perfection, though he is silent about the name of his see [The Martiloge translated by R. Whytford (London, 1893), at the 10th day of November.]. Theodore the Sykeote comes to mind of its own accord. He, however, is venerated by the Greeks alone, on the 22nd day of April BHG. 1748..

That Theodosius is inscribed on this day in some synaxaria and in the calendar of Naples we said at the 9th day of November.

St. Theosterictus, of whom we spoke at the 9th day, is announced today in the Menaea Synax. Eccl. CP., p. 212..

The ancient sanctorale of Quimper records St. Tremorus today [Proprium Sanctorum insignis ecclesiae Corisopitensis (Paris, 1642). On this little work the very distinguished F. Duine wrote learnedly, Bréviaires et Missels des églises et abbayes bretonnes de France (Rennes, 1905), p. 156 – 57, num. 56. To the copy of this very rare sanctorale which is kept in the Bollandist Museum a little note was added in a seventeenth-century hand: "By Charles Guyet, Priest of the Society of Jesus"; which seems to bear the appearance of truth. Tresvaux had excerpted a few things from this sanctorale, Les Vies des Saints de Bretagne … par Dom G.-A. Lobineau, new edition, volume I (Paris, 1836), p. XXXIV, col. 2.] in the calendar in these words: Of Tremorus, martyr. Semidouble. In the Church of Quimper only. And in the right margin of the same page this little annotation is printed: It seems to belong only to the Church of Quimper, as is gathered from his legend This is BHL. 8312.. In the little work itself, likewise at the 10th day of November, the office is appointed entirely from the common, with another little annotation added: A legend is indeed had in the old one [In that gothic breviary of which the sole copy is kept in the same Museum of ours; compare Duine, work cited, p. 155 – 56.], but perhaps of little certainty P. 85, col. 2.. Of St. Tremorus, so that some calendars might be satisfied, treatment was made at the 8th day of November Act. SS., Nov. volume III, p. 829 – 31.; there are, however, many other liturgical monuments too, most of them more recent, which set his feast on the 7th day of the same month [Let these serve as examples: Officia propria sanctorum Corisopitensis dioecesis (Rennes, 1852), p. 100 – 101; the calendar added to the same Officia propria (no year, no place), p. 11; Missae propriae sanctorum dioecesis Corisopitensis (no place, shortly after the year 1851), p. 15; Ordo divini officii ad usum dioecesis Corisopitensis, 1840, 1854, 1860; Ordo divini officii ad usum dioecesis Corisopitensis et Leonensis, 1899, 1903, 1912. It is to be noted that the office of St. Tremorus was appointed on the 13th day of November in the Ordo of Quimper of the year 1834, and on the 14th of November in the supplement added to the Ordo of the year 1840.]. The mention of St. Tremorus at the 10th day of November in the calendar of the very distinguished René Kerviler seems to have flowed from the ancient sanctorale of Quimper [In Annuaire de Bretagne … pour l'année 1897, par René Kerviler et Paul Sébillot (Rennes, 1897), p. 42. On the place-names which are to be connected with this Tremorus, compare J. Loth, Les noms des saints bretons, in Revue Celtique, volume XXX (1909), pp. 303, 320.].

Tryphena and Tryphosa at Iconium in Lycaonia are read in the Roman martyrology to have made very great progress in Christian discipline by the preaching of blessed Paul and the example of Thecla [Castellan notes shrewdly: "Nouvellement placés icy à l'occasion du nom de S. Tryphon." Newly placed here on account of the name of St. Tryphon. Martyrologe universel, p. 571.]. At which place Baronius notes: "Paul mentions them in Romans chapter 16 verse 11, and they are treated in the Acts of St. Thecla, of whose sure credit we treated above on the 23rd day of September." Anyone who has read through the Acts of Thecla will surely wonder that the eminent man could have lent credit to them [On the name of Tryphaena, read also what R. A. Lipsius wrote, Die apokryphen Apostelgeschichten, volume II, p. 464 – 67.].

The deeds of St. Veranus, bishop of Cavaillon, were set out by our predecessor B. Bossue Act. SS., volume cited, p. 452 – 74. at the 19th day of October, on which the feast of his translation was kept [Compare Act. SS., Oct. volume VIII, p. 465, num. 59; Catal. Lat. Paris., volume III, p. 706 and p. 707 (at the 20th day of October).]; and he noted that elsewhere the feast of the same saint is kept on the 10th, 12th, 13th and 14th days of November [Ibid., p. 465, § V; compare Catal. Lat. Paris., volume III, p. 717 – 18 and the recent martyrologies at these days.].

The cathedral church of Burgos glories in possessing the entire body of St. Victoria, virgin and martyr, daughter of the king of Sicily and of St. Gerasina, who is said to have suffered with the same mother Gerasina and with the other eleven thousand virgins of Cologne, and the whole diocese celebrates her feast on this 10th day of November: on which day too she is inscribed in some martyrologies of a recent age. Of the translation into the city of Burgos, which is said to have been made in the year 1320, a certain narrative from the Breviary of Burgos of the year 1502 was edited in Act. SS., Oct. volume IX, p. 251. This Burgos tradition, which indeed we by no means believe rests on weighty testimonies, Bivar attacked lightly and boldly, as he is wont, and he laid down in one place that the Victoria who is venerated at Burgos is a certain virgin who suffered with companions at Voluca near Numantia in the year 300, and in another place that she is the same as a widow struck down by the Vandals at Ilorcum in Hispania Tarraconensis in the year 406; and in both places he relied solely on the testimony of that spurious chronicle which was once sold under the lying name of Flavius Lucius Dexter. Compare P. L., volume XXXI, col. 433 and 543.

St. Vitonus is inscribed today in the calendar of a certain missal of Paris of the fourteenth century (cod. Paris. B. N. lat. 8885; compare Catal. Lat. Paris., volume III, p. 717). On him see at the 14th day, on which his feast is kept in the church of Verdun.

Werembaldus, a monk of Hirsau of the tenth century, whom Castellan praises today in the Martyrologe universel, ought to be reckoned neither among the saints nor among men, since he is recorded by Trithemius alone, who first brought forward his name, deeds and writings in those most false Annals of Hirsau (volume I, p. 118, at the year 965), and certainly himself put them together and invented them.

The translation of St. Willibrord is inscribed at this day in a more recent hand in the Echternach codex of the Hieronymian martyrology. See at the 7th day, volume III, p. 432, num. 46.