Lupercius or Luperculus

28 June · passio

ON S. LUPERCIUS OR LUPERCULUS,

MARTYR AMONG THE ELUSATES IN NOVEMPOPULANIA,

TRANSLATED TO THE DIOCESE OF S. PAPULUS IN GALLIA NARBONENSIS.

UNDER THE EMPEROR DECIUS.

CRITICAL COLLECTION.

On his age, cult, and distinction from S. Lupercus, Martyr of Saragossa.

Lupercius or Luperculus, Martyr among the Elusates in Novempopulania (S.)

BHL Number: 5072

BY THE AUTHOR D. P.

The outermost Province of Gaul toward Spain to the West,

called anciently by the name of

Novempopulania,

once venerated as its Metropolis

Elusa, in Claudian frequently with the penultimate

shortened Elysa, commonly called Euse;

now a small town, the Metropolitan dignity having been transferred

to Augusta of the Ausci, Elusa formerly metropolis of Novempopulania, commonly, Auch.

Certain old Acta write the Bishop "Elosanus" and "Elosanensis,"

concerning whom see William Catel learnedly discoursing,

in his Memoirs of Languedoc,

that is of Occitania, page 445; where from the Catalogues

of that Church he thus recounts the first Bishops of that city,

so that after Paternus and Servandus, third is mentioned

Luperculus; and on the following pages he cites Scaliger's

Notes on Ausonius, asserting that of this Saint, commonly

called Saint Louberc, Patron of the same church of Elosa,

the Life was read by him in an ancient manuscript on the Lives of the Saints

of Aquitaine; among the first Bishops it had S. Lupercius, perhaps the same which

Ferrarius, in the General Catalogue of those who are not inscribed in the Roman

Martyrology, cites in his Notes,

as to be found in the Library of the Dominicans

of Toulouse.

[2] From this, or from the same source, Peter, Bishop

of S. Papulus, took that Epitome, which,

together with the eulogies of the other Saints resting in that diocese,

whose Life contracted into an Epitome, under the attestations of three Canons, and

the authentic faith of the Vicar General, made in the year 1682,

P. Peter Possinus of pious

memory sent us from Toulouse. But there were of the same name and surname

de Crosso, there successively brothers german (which

you may wonder) two Bishops, of whom the former, from the Limoges

monastery of S. Martial, through various grades promoted to

that Cathedra in the year 1376, seems

soon to have applied his mind to illustrating the sanctuaries

of his diocese. For scarcely had two years passed from his ordination,

when to the Archbishopric of Bourges,

and finally to that of Arles, and to the Cardinalitial

Purple under Clement VII the Antipope he passed; but to his first

spouse the see he left many books, among which

seems to have been that Ms., in which concerning S. Lupercius

it is read thus:

[3] Likewise there rests in the same diocese (of S. Papulus)

the body of S. Lupercius the Martyr, it says that he was at Saragossa by Dacianus or the greater part

of the body, translated to the convent of Friars Minor of Castelnau

d'Arry; commonly Châtelneau

d'Arry, about two leagues from the city to the west.

At Saragossa born of noble parents,

full of virtues, he grew in the Lord; mighty

in chastity, glittering with miracles in his life, iron

heated with fire he lifted with his hands without injury, the blind

he obtained from God to be enlightened, untiringly his body

he macerated, a paralytic he cured, many to the faith

of Christ he drew. Whose fruit not

able to bear, Dacianus the Governor, persecutor of the Christians;

that the Lord's harvest might be swallowed up from the parts

of Spain, the most blessed Lupercius himself,

against the edict of the Emperor Diocletian and of Dacianus

his minister, in the midst of the deadly sacrifices,

offered to the idol of Apollo by the Governor and the Pagans,

crying out, to the consolation of the Christians

groaning… Dacianus made him

to be hanged on the rack, his viscera to be torn with iron claws, dreadfully tortured,

to walk outside the city with a glowing iron helmet

upon sharp iron spikes with bare feet,

to be beaten with scourges, to be pounded with a hammer. But the most invincible

soldier of Christ, amid so many torments,

called upon God, and again at Eluzona in Gascony, and the Angels assisting him for

the mitigation of his pains. Whose constancy the Pagans

seeing, many, with Anatolius the Master

of the soldiers, were converted to the faith. At Helyzona,

like cold water he vomited, the stinking smoke

applied to his nostrils he bore: by whose breath

into the abyss the idols with the demons were swallowed up.

At length on the fourth day of the Kalends of July, in

the same city, by the command of Dacianus struck with the sword, happily

he fell asleep in the Lord. the body brought into the diocese of S. Papulus. In the course of time

part of his members was conveyed to the now deserted church

of S. Columba, of the diocese of Mirepoix,

and thence to the aforesaid Convent was translated,

where to those honoring it great rewards will be given by God.

[4] Of S. Saturninus, Apostle of the people of Toulouse, to be commemorated on the 29th of November,

There Eluzona is wrongly confounded with Elusa Hadrian Valesius cites the Passion and certain old Acta

in his Notice of the Gauls,

where mention is made of Elyzona, and he thinks this to be the Elusio

Mansion, which in the old Itinerary from Bordeaux to

Jerusalem is placed between the city

of Toulouse and the Castle of Carcassonne, distant from Carcassonne

33 thousand paces: at which interval

precisely the topographical map of Occitania or Languedoc

places the village of Luzes, so that it cannot be doubted

that there was the aforesaid Mansion. But in the Acta

of S. Saturninus, such as they are, not any Mansion, but

in present-day Gascony, four times farther distant from Toulouse

toward the West than the aforesaid Mansion is distant from the same place

toward the East. I hold therefore the passion of S. Luperculus

or Lupercius to be ascribed to this, not to that place;

and I judge that, on occasion of the barbarian incursions through Western

Aquitaine, the body or part of the body was

translated into the province of Narbonne, first

indeed to Mirepoix, one of the new Episcopal Sees

instituted by John XXII, to the church

perhaps Metropolitan sacred to S. Mauritius; then

to the aforesaid Convent, five leagues toward

the North removed.

[5] Nor do I doubt that from the already related Acta of the Toulouse Ms.,

such as they are, Saussajus received and

inserted into the supplement of his Gallican Martyrology

Gascony at the city of the Elosates, the Passion of S.

Luperculus the Martyr. He, a native of Saragossa,

illumined with the Christian faith, in his very boyhood already

glittering with divine prodigies, that he might flee glory,

sought the desert: whence drawn away, and for the dignity of his lineage

(from which he had nobly issued), to the secular

military service enrolled, and with his age and strength increasing,

set over a numerous band of armed men;

when Dacianus, the cruel Governor, against the worshippers of Christ

raged with atrocious terrors as well as torments,

he came forth openly, to contend for the Christian faith:

and, the tyrant being rebuked, the images of the false deities mocked,

and the rites of the nefarious superstition; for the proclamation

of the piety he asserted, bound with fetters,

hung on the rack, lacerated with claws,

compelled to tread iron spikes with bare feet,

and tortured with horrid torments; all these

overcome by Angelic comfort, at length

triumphing, with many prodigies of the divine power assisting him;

his neck bravely given, not so much for the striking,

as for the crown, exulting he flew

to the reward.

[6] Nothing here of the Episcopal dignity, with which

S. Luperculus or Lupercius among the Sammarthani

in volume 1 of Gallia Christiana, page 96, is ascribed to the Archbishops

of Elusa, but without the title of Bishop, third after Ceratius and Paternus,

the holy guardian and Patron of the church of Elusa,

who in this city is said to have suffered under Decius,

as it is in the Lives of the Aquitanian Martyrs written by a very ancient

and most elegant Author, which

are cited by Joseph Scaliger, book 2, chapter 7, on the Ausonian

Readings. from which Acta the Sammarthani use, Yet those also recognize ancient

records, who, Luperculus being expunged, insert

Optatus and Pompidianus. Less also

do I understand, why the same Sammarthani (unless they found other Acta than those which

we have produced, cited by Scaliger) name Decius

the Emperor, under whom the Saint suffered,

about the year of Christ 250, instead of Dacianus, Governor of Spain

in the year 303.

[7] To one considering all things meanwhile it seems better

to leave his own S. Lupercus to Saragossa and to the other

Martyrs of Saragossa, confounding him with S. Lupercus, Bishop of Saragossa, of whom from Prudentius I treated

on the 16th day of April; and to give, as older than that one, S. Luperculus

for this day to the Elusates as a Martyr, not however a Bishop,

since not even to themselves is this certain. But as

concerns the kinds of manifold torture applied to the Saint,

I fear lest in exaggerating these the credulity of the later writers,

lacking true Acta, and following only the traditions of their elders,

wont rather to add than to subtract,

has indulged itself somewhat more: as also John

Tamayus abused Saussajus, when, extending the anchoresis first asserted by

him, he said that the Saint

from boyhood inhabited the desert, where many into

his company he drew as disciples. So minds

prone to embellish narratives, almost always to what is found

add something. more probably of an Elusate Martyr other [than Lupercus,] But how often it happens that on account of

the affinity of names something is transferred from one

to another Saint without any certain foundation, which

here seems to have been done, in ascribing the Saragossan origin and Dacianus

the Governor to Luperculus of Elusa, we are taught by most frequent

examples in this work, and are compelled

mostly to suspect falsity.

[8] one of the Patrons of the people of S. Papulus, The aforepraised Bishop Peter ends that little

work of his, on five Saints in the same diocese; namely Papulus,

occurring on the 1st of October; Berengarius,

praised by us on the 26th of May; the two Maidens,

instructed by S. Saturninus, whose feast is observed on the 16th

of November; S. Lupercius aforesaid; and B. Raymund

the Knight, whose body rests at Puy de Siuran of the Order

of Jerusalem, I know not to what day

to refer it. He ends, I say, the Bishop Peter that little work,

with a commemoration of the marvels which are in the same

diocese: of which the first he reckons the rock of

Nauroza, which formerly is said to have lain open threefold to a horseman;

but now offers passage to none, the ridges

joined together; and that as a sign of modesty now exiled

from the world; the other on the contrary memorable thing is the monastery

of the Virgins of Prouille, under the Rule of S.

Augustine instituted by S. Dominic, the Chamber of the Mother of God

called: then concluding; I, says he, Peter, with whom deserve to be reckoned the Virgins of the monastery of Prouille.

unworthy Bishop of S. Papulus, having frequently experienced their purity

and merits, bear testimony,

before God and the whole world,

flattery ceasing, to be given for my most dear daughters.

Wherefore if the bodies of the Saints, with whom from

the neighboring cemeteries we are to rise again; by their own household

with proclamations of praise we have judged to be noted;

we can the glorious Virgins, in countenance and

works Angelic in life described, with glittering

fame in the beauty of virtue, as patronesses

magnify, whose memory remains in holy blessing

glorious. Thus far he, I know not

whether rather to be believed the uncle of his namesake successor in the Bishopric of S. Papulus,

than his brother; inasmuch as he died, and that

in advanced age, as from the various offices he held seems to follow,

in the year 1388, as is read in his Epitaph among the Sammarthani in the Archbishops of Bourges;

while the other survived until the year 1412.

[9] These things now being prepared for the press, while for S. Martial,

Apostle of the people of Limoges, Acta, seen by the author of the Epitome and by Saussajus, to be illustrated on the 30th day of this month,

I turn over more carefully the book of Histories

of Gallican History, by Francis Bosquet, a most learned

man, edited with the appendix of the second Part; among

the ancient Lives of the Saints, there for proof

or judgment collected, from manuscript Codices I find

on page 161 the Life or Passion of S. Lupercius the Martyr,

who was of wondrous beatitude in Life, and

of perfect virtue in combat; and he suffered in the city of Helisona,

in the province of Gaul, on the 4th of the Kalends

of July. Treating of this Life, the same Bosquet on page

159, book 4 of the part or volume 1, chapter 13, His Acta,

he says, written in elegant style, Scaliger says he read,

in his Notes on Ausonius: though they are given as apocryphal by Bosquet. which we do not judge to be the same as

these, which from a Ms. Codex we publish.

But why not? The style certainly, for that rude

age in which they were written, the 13th or 14th century (for neither

do they seem to be reckoned more ancient), is elegant enough.

Why therefore not? I believe, because they are so insipidly

contrived, that a learned man, such as Scaliger was, could not

approve them. But it is one thing to praise the style, another to praise the thing

itself described by the style: another certainly did not

see Peter, Bishop of S. Papulus, and Saussajus,

whose Epitome taken thence we have given above. That this

may appear more clearly, I will not be loath to insert the Acta themselves here,

as apocryphal, and in the appended Censures and

Notes to demonstrate them such.

ACTA LESS APPROVED,

Published from a Ms. by Francis Bosquet.

Lupercius or Luperculus, Martyr among the Elusates in Novempopulania (S.)

BHL Number: 5071

FROM BOSQUET.

[1] Precious to the Lord and awaited are the combats of the Martyrs,

The Author excuses his own slenderness, trusting in God. which are worthy for the dignity

of their miracles to be written: but yet

without trembling of fortitude they cannot

be begun to be written: because when the undertaking of great

things is considered, it is no wonder

if the multitude of the work to be taken up be feared:

and although by slender speech it cannot be explained,

how much of itself the truth of the passion declares, yet there is set down

the purpose of the matter itself, though to contain it

is arduous, and may seem to have a beginning, and in this

to have something of trembling it is said: but it is hoped

that by the supreme Maker, and divine instruction,

the beginning of the one beginning may be formed, and by the persistence

of talent be brought to its effect.

[2] This most blessed Lupercius therefore, born in

the city of Caesar-Augusta Saragossa, born at Saragossa of middling parents,

but in merits exalted, was humble on earth, in

the heavens chosen, to whom this was the distinguished light of nobility,

to serve Christ without fault; and not

swelling with pride of family, but having ornaments of

character; and not taking from parental

praise vainglory, but giving thanks in virtues,

by example entering the supreme example, the treasure

of the Lord retaining, with a clean heart embracing

it, but also with Christ poor he reigned

in the converse of humility, in the richness

of charity, in the light of chastity, in the fatness

of the divine precepts; and thus he gave himself wholly to the Lord's

discipline, that from his very infancy he drew near to the Lord;

and placed in the body, as if

he bore nothing of the flesh. With this instruction therefore the most blessed one

being girt, and great by venerable works,

the guilt of the world trodden down, to be initiated with divine arms drew near, and Lupercius, holily educated,

with happy arts to the palm, won from the public

enemy, to be exercised in the warfare of Christ,

in the temple of Christ first a voluntary

sacrifice and devout, namely the victim of the offering

of pure flesh, by the genius of a pure mind he renders to God, more renowned

in mind than in name, and greater in merit than

in rank, without offence performing his office.

And he desired to grow in merit, and what he had received

to augment, by whose hidden deed sooner, as in

did Christ suffer his gifts long to be hidden in him,

which had come from above, and by him humbly

seemed to be embraced.

[3] bidden to lift glowing iron with his hand, At length, while he was still exercising the apprenticeship of the Christians,

by miracles his virtue is betrayed, and

by heavenly signs is made illustrious. For he himself, coming

on a certain occasion to the smith's work, a glowing mass of iron

drawn out of the burning furnace, despised

by the craftsman, is compelled to lift the kindled iron with his hand,

and to declare of what weight it was.

Then the most blessed man Lupercius, not unaware,

that, although he was mighty in true virtues, does it unharmed and defines the weight. he was

ready to obey all: forthwith his hand being placed under

(so much did he presume of Christ) he lifted the iron higher,

saying: With heat, it is hot, but it has nine

pounds weight, which afterward to have so much only, in

the balance was found, as his free voice had foretold;

and so in one kind he propagated a double miracle,

since neither did the heat of the fire injure, nor had the weight

of the iron deceived. At length, his vices broken, in himself

he had no vapor of lust, who so freely long

bore the burnings: for he who conquered the element of fire,

before extinguished the flames of the flesh; and that in the very

weighing he might prove the weight of the iron, this was of the divine

virtue, that the unbelieving people might rather believe

Lupercius to be a servant of God. And so when he was

ten years old, coming to the city of Oloron,

he found there five blind men, At ten years he enlightens 5 blind men at Oloron, who from the years

of their birth had never seen, and sat

at alms daily. But when the Saint saw them weeping

before the gate, with spittle he anointed their eyes,

and they were enlightened by the prayer and belief

of holy Lupercius. Then the multitude of the people

signed themselves with the sign of the Lord, and believed

in God, because they saw the mighty deeds which the Lord Jesus

wrought in the virtue of his servant Lupercius;

and that of those who from birth the light

had not seen, by the prayer of his servant their eyes were opened.

[4] But when he was twelve years old, he longed for the desert,

and there, his body afflicted, at twelve he sought the desert, long

he served God. Afterward he was taken and chained, and thence

returned, and came to the city of Helisona,

upon the river Gelisa; where there was a serpent, which

was called Echina, for fear of whom for four and

and it was in the caverns of the mountains and

rocks. But the holy one of God Lupercius said

to the bystanders of the city; Let us go to the serpent,

and cast it out of the field which it possesses. To

which when S. Lupercius had come, it went out, he frees Helisona from the serpent. and wished

to seize him. Then the holy one of God, praying,

against the serpent took his stole, with which

he was clothed, and bound it about its neck,

and dragged it as far as the river Gelisa, and

charged it to touch no bank of the river,

until it should enter the sea. Then the multitude

of the people praising God, knew

that grace in his servant Lupercius had been

revealed, by showing so great a virtue against

years old, there came to him a paralytic, whose name

was Astericus, having from 28 years much

leprosy: for whom S. Lupercius prayed two hours,

and signed him with the sign of the Cross, and kissing him

said: Stand upon thy feet. In the same hour he stood, and

was made whole. Behold how S. Lupercius in

the name of our Lord Jesus Christ wrought

many good things, whence many believed in the Lord

Jesus Christ our Saviour. But

yet few things are written, for still greater

are his virtues, than here are written.

[5] In that time the devil seized the Governor

Dacianus, a citizen of Helisona; Dacianus about to rage against the Christians, who reigned over

fourteen Sees. Then he sent an edict throughout

all the land, that all the Senators should assemble

in one. But when there had been gathered

seventy Senators, he sitting on the tribunal,

and all the Princes and soldiers around

him standing, of whom there was no number, ordered

Dacianus himself that all the iron torments which

they had prepared for the Christians, before the sight of the people

should be brought, that all who should see the works of the torments,

should fear to offend the Governor. They brought

therefore the swords arranged and sharp, he sets forth the instruments of torment.

frying-pans, cauldrons, most sharp saws, harsh shackles,

iron hooks, iron helmets, and many other

torments, of which there was no number, and

he began to say: If anyone shall contradict, so as not to sacrifice

to our Gods, I will cut out his tongue, and his eyes

I will pluck out, his ears I will stop up, his jaws I will pull apart, his teeth

I will tear out, his brain from his head I will scatter, his arms

I will pull off, his neck I will pound, his shins and feet

I will cut, and even the upper parts of his body to the worms

I will deliver. Which heard, many who were thinking

to believe in God, seeing the torments set forth,

for fear were turned away, so that almost none

said, I am a Christian.

[6] Whence when an inestimable people had been gathered;

The Saint presents himself to him, having renounced all, behold the holy one of God Lupercius, seeing

many Senators and Princes of Dacianus gathered,

blaspheming Christ, and the demons

adoring, all his gold, and whatever in the world

he had obtained, distributed to the poor, and put off

the cloak with which he was girt, and casting

it on the ground, within himself began to say. The devil

has blinded the eyes of those, that they may not know

God. For the holy one of God Lupercius himself was

much gold, and had come to Dacianus,

that with him he might proceed. But standing in

the midst of the people, he began with a loud voice to say: Thy images

cut down, O Governor, because they avail nothing,

because they are not Gods whom thou adorest, but the works

of the hands of men. The Gods who made not heaven

and earth, let them perish. But hearing

his voice, the Governor made silence, and looking on him

said: Thou, man, not only doest injury, but

also commandest the gods: these are they to whom one ought to give

thanks. Therefore now enter, and sacrifice to Apollo,

who contains all the earth, and governs

the world. Tell me, however, of what city art thou,

and what is thy name, or for what cause hast thou

come hither? S. Lupercius answered: I by men

am called Lupercius, and in Christ a Christian

I am; but generally at Saragossa

to Christ, I do well with him. Again said

the Governor, Enter, that thou mayest sacrifice to great Apollo.

S. Lupercius said, I will not sacrifice

to demons. Be ashamed, Governor, since they are not

gods, but are deaf and dumb works of men,

fashioned by hand.

[7] Then the angry Governor ordered him to be hanged on the rack,

and therefore he is variously tortured. and to be tormented with claws, so that his intestines

were burst, and these punishments faithfully in Christ

he sustained. Then he ordered him to be taken down, and outside the city

to be led: and through four parts the flesh

fell from his body destroyed, which

with a rough hair-cloth he ordered to be wiped off. Again he applied to him

an iron helmet, and ordered him unshod to be led upon

spikes, and the blood flowed down from his feet,

as from a fountain. Again he ordered him to enter the city,

and seeing that no torments prevailed against him,

he ordered to be made a great little altar, and his neck

with sharp nails to be pierced from within, and with one iron

sharp point his sinews to be plucked out; and seeing that those

torments did not harm him, he ordered him to be taken down,

and with an iron hammer his head to be pounded, until his brain

through his nostrils dripped, and he the more in

Christ was comforted. Then he ordered him into prison

to be thrust, comforted by Christ appearing, and in a narrow stocks to be stretched. Again

the Governor ordered a column which scarcely ten and

eight men carried, to be set upon his belly: and

while he was in custody, he blessed the Lord,

who comforted his soul and members, that

he might conquer the enemy the devil. And behold a light

most bright shone in the custody: but in the same night

the Lord appeared to him, saying: Be comforted,

Lupercius, fail not, since I am with thee.

By myself I swear, and by my Angels and by

my power, that among those born of women

there is none greater than John the Baptist, who intercedes

for thee. Be strong in the truth, and do not fail,

since I am with thee, and I will not forsake

thee; and immediately the Lord ascended into heaven. The holy

Lupercius did not cease to entreat the Lord;

nor did he see it through sleep, for this vision

had appeared to him, the light being made daylight. and again and a third time tortured,

[8] Then the Governor ordered the holy one of God to be brought forth

from the prison, and to come before his sight,

and he was singing to the Lord, saying: God, to my help

attend, Lord, to help

me make haste. But entering to the Governor he said

to him: Be thou with Apollo, I am with God

whom I invoke. Again the Governor ordered him to be stretched

and scourged, and beaten he received on his back a hundred

stripes, and on his belly forty, and the Governor wrote

If any magician shall be able to undo the magic arts of the Christians,

let him come to me, and I will give him two hundred

pounds of gold, and six hundred of silver, and many

possessions, and he shall be second in my Kingdom.

Then holy Lupercius with a loud voice cried out

saying: Lord Jesus Christ, who didst deign

to descend from heaven to earth, free all,

who by the devil are held, and free my soul,

and give me the seal, that I may be worthy to enter the gates

of Paradise. Seeing therefore the Governor the Saint praying,

ordered him to be beaten by the lictors, and again

to be detained in custody. But on another day the Governor ordered

and in the midst of it S. Lupercius he commanded to be put.

Then one of the Princes, whose name

was George, seeing the magana, and applied to the wheel, and the wheel turning

and roaring, within himself began to say:

Thinkest thou to be freed from this torment? Then looking on

him the Lord said to him: Lupercius, be mindful

of the time, in which Christ between two thieves

was crucified. And looking up to heaven he said to him:

I am mindful, Lord, of thy command; and he said:

Lord Jesus Christ, whose dominion remains

unto the age of the age, crown of those who praise thee,

strength of those who endure, fortitude of believers, life of those

who hope, helper, succor me in this tribulation.

Thou, Lord, before thou madest heaven and

earth, thou thyself art, whose spirit over the waters

was borne and rested, and no one of men

saw thy Majesty, nor can see it;

with perpetual wisdom thou didst found heaven, and filledst the clouds,

who rainest upon the just and the unjust.

Lord, who didst create heaven and earth, and the mountains

by thy virtue didst magnify, he invokes Christ: who commandest the assembly

of the winds, and those who believed not

in thee, into tartarus didst deliver. Lord God,

who in the later time didst send us thine only

son, whom within the chamber of Mary's womb,

by thy mercy thou didst enclose, which no one

of men can understand; who didst walk

upon the waters of the sea, and thy footsteps appeared

not on the sea; who from five loaves five

thousand men didst satisfy; now hear me, Lord,

and hasten, that thou mayest snatch me from the pains

which have surrounded me, because in thee my soul

trusts, to whom is glory unto the ages of the ages,

Amen.

[9] The prayer being completed, he was put into the wheel

and the magana fastened tight. Hence the Master of the soldiers, seeing nothing harmed But the Governor lifting

himself up, said to all his Princes: You see

that there is no other God, but Apollo and Hercules,

and Diana, and Athena, and Amandorus, and

Ypoculus, and Neptune, who hold the heavens in their palm,

through whom Kings reign, and the powerful

obtain Kingdoms. And he added: Where is thy God,

Lupercius, Christ the crucified, whom Pilate and

the Jews slew? Why does he not come, to free

thee from my hands? And immediately the Lord came

into the midst, and said: Thinkest thou, I can

free thee from this magana, that they may believe and trust

and know, with his whole army is converted. that thou art my servant,

Lupercius? Behold the hand which fashioned

the first-formed Adam, it itself will give thee endurance:

and B. Lupercius was comforted. But seeing,

one of the soldiers, Anatolius by name, who was

Master of the soldiers, that the servant of God all

the torments for Christ had sustained, believed with

all his army, crying out, Lupercius, servant

of Christ, we also believe in the Lord Jesus

Christ the crucified, who can free us

from this peril. But hearing this, the Governor ordered them

to be cast outside the city, into a desert place; and setting

them in a precipice, After the molten lead, the sign

of Christ being made by them, he ordered them to be struck. Then he ordered

S. Lupercius to come before his sight, and

he ordered lead to be melted, and the mouth of the venerable

Lupercius to be opened, and it to be poured in; which became

as cold as water, and he felt nothing of evil. Then

the Governor ordered him to be loosed, and fiery nails into his head

to be fixed, and a great carved stone

to his head he applied, and so ordered him to be rolled.

And by the command of the Lord every kind of punishment was plucked out,

and the lead like water became cold,

and no wound on the Saint appeared. Which

seeing, Dacianus the Governor, was angry, and ordered

him from the head downward to be hung, and on his neck

to be applied. Which done, the Governor ordered a bronze ox

to be brought, a bronze ox, etc. and fixed in it most sharp iron nails,

and within it the Saint he put, that his members

might be burst, and become as dust:

but he within gave thanks to God.

[10] Which seen, the Governor ordered the Saint to be cast out thence,

and into custody to be put, comforted by a nightly visitation of God and with an iron sinew to be bound,

until he should devise how to destroy him,

because no torment prevailed against him. But in the same

night, in the custody God appeared to him,

and said to him: Be comforted, Lupercius, fear not

whatever torment shall be added to thee;

for I am with thee. Be comforted in virtue, and

in true confession. And saying this, the Lord ascended

into heaven. But he did not cease to say,

I give thee thanks, Lord my God, since

thou hast appeared to me. Then the Governor ordered him to be brought,

and between maganas to be thrust back, and strongly to be bound,

and on his head a saw to be put and to saw, that more easily

his members might be burst: but he

the more in Christ was comforted, and the Lord said

to him: Be comforted, fail not, since

I am with thee in all thy passion. he enlightens a blind boy, To whom

to me a son blind, deaf and paralytic,

and behold I am confounded before my neighbors; but if by

thy prayer my son shall be saved, I will believe

in thy God. Seeing therefore the holy one of God the faith

of the woman, he said to her; Bring me thy son,

and taking the infant he placed him upon

his knees, and laying his hand on him he prayed to

the Lord, and the prayer being completed he breathed into

his eyes, and immediately they were opened, and sight

he received; and the woman said to him: O servant of God, grant

that he also may hear and walk; and S. Lupercius

said to her: It suffices him: for his walking shall not

be known, until the day when I shall have called him:

then he shall hear the voice of the Lord, and shall come to me.

And the woman spoke to him no more: for she feared

him, because she saw his face like an Angel

of God.

[11] But the Governor began to walk about in his palace,

and looking back he saw the Saint standing in a wonderful

sign, and a multitude of the people around him:

who, the sign of Christ being made, struck the earth with his foot, and converts many;

and there went forth a fountain of living water, and he baptized them in

the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit; and

they entered with him into the city. There were baptized

then by S. Lupercius one thousand six hundred and eight,

who immediately believed in the Lord Jesus

Christ, and entering to the Governor they said:

Be thou with Apollo, and we with our Lord

Jesus Christ. And looking at the holy ones of God,

the Governor was troubled like a lion, and ordered them

to be hung by the feet, and to be struck with the sword. Crowned

were they all in the name of the Lord through holy Lupercius.

Then the Governor said to the holy one

of God: By the sun and the seventy and eight

gods, and their mother Diana, I adjure thee, he despises the flatteries,

consent to me, son Lupercius, as to a father, and sacrifice

to Apollo, who contains all the earth, and

thou shalt be free from horrific torments. The holy one

of God said to him; Where were these gentle words hidden?

So long a time in thy hands I am, and

to various torments thou hast delivered me. For also through thee

the grace of my God I acquired, and all, who in

my God believed; but gentle speeches,

and sweet words from thee until now I have not heard.

Or art thou ignorant, Governor, that the race of the Christians

is immortal, and against all the torments of the devil

resists, enduring all? Why dost thou persuade me

to sacrifice to thy Apollo, and to do thy

will? Feigning that he will sacrifice:

[12] … Then the Governor was made glad, and

began to kiss his head. But holy Lupercius

did not permit it, saying: Such is not the custom

of the city of Helisona, I will first sacrifice to the gods,

and so thou shalt kiss my head. And again he said

to the Governor: Thou art sickly, and the sun will decline;

I cannot today sacrifice to thy gods; but

command me today into custody to be thrust back, that tomorrow

I may sacrifice to the gods. The Governor answered: Thou shalt not be in

custody to be delivered to punishments, but for these stripes,

which I ordered to be laid on thee, pardon me, as thy

father. Then the servant of God bent his knees, and prayed

saying: What God is great, like our God?

thou art the God who doest wonders. Then he said to the Governor,

Gather all the elders and princes with thee,

and I will stand in thy palace, I and the Priests

of the gods, and all the army of the soldiers, that all

may see when I shall have sacrificed to Apollo. Then

the Governor commanded the herald, that he should cry with a loud voice

saying: Assemble, all peoples, to the temple

of the gods, he is rebuked by the mother of the enlightened blind boy, because Lupercius the servant of Christ

will sacrifice to the great God Apollo. Which the woman

hearing, whose son had been born blind, and by

the prayer of S. Lupercius enlightened, forthwith

disheveled the hairs of her head, and tore her garments;

and lifting up her son, she passed along crying

with a loud voice, and saying: Woe to thee, Lupercius, who

didst raise the dead, and enlighten the blind, and heal the lame, and many good things didst work against

the enemy: how dost thou wish to sacrifice to Apollo,

turning away all the peoples, who desired to believe

in the name of Jesus Christ the Saviour? May God not permit

this to be done. and he raises up that paralytic. Woe to thee, devil, and to thy

works! But the Saint hearing the voice of the woman,

silence being made, called her to himself, and said:

Set the infant before me. And he said to the infant: Christ,

who enlightened the hidden things of darkness,

he commands thee, that thou stand upon thy feet; and

come, and speak to all.

[13] In the same hour rising the infant came to the servant

of God, and he said to him: To thee I say, boy, enter

into the temple of the pagans, and say to the idol

of Apollo: To thee says the servant of Christ, go out quickly.

And the boy entering into the temple, through whom the demon, bidden to be present in his idol, said to the idol:

To thee I say, idol deaf and blind, and

dumb; deception and ruin of the souls

believing in thee; Lupercius the servant of Christ calls thee. And

Apollo began to cry out: O Jesus the Nazarene, all

to thyself thou hast drawn, and now against me thou hast made manifest an infant

of three years. Whence is this, that such a boy

should enter to me? The idol, coming, stood

before the servant of God. S. Lupercius said to it:

Art thou the God of the Pagans? The idol answered;

Dost thou not know, Lupercius, that I am? Bear with

me one hour, and I will declare to thee all things. And the servant of God said

to it; Whatever thou wilt, say.

The idol answered, and said; How did God

create heaven and earth, plant Paradise

to the East, and say, Let us make man to

our image and likeness? But also our Prince

was cast down from heaven, and we all

with him, because he said in his heart; Into heaven I will ascend,

and above the stars I will exalt my throne;

I will sit in the side of the North, I will reign in the clouds,

and I will be like the Most High. Therefore the angry Lord

took away from us our glory, he confesses his own impotence. and cast us

like rain upon the face of the earth; and therefore we were made

the least of all creatures, and on

this account I remain in those statues; and if I can seduce

anyone, this is gain to me. S. Lupercius

said: Wretch, since thou art a most wretched creature,

and by thy own merit art damned, why dost thou deceive

the minds of men, and hast wished to make them stray from the truth?

I will send thee into hell; and thou shalt be there until

the day of judgment, when thou shalt render account

before the tribunal of Christ. And entering into the temple,

he breathed upon the idol of Hercules, The Saint, the other idols being scattered in a heap, and the statues of all

the images, and they became as dust.

Again he said: Go, all you gods of the Pagans, into perdition,

and nowhere appear. Then the demons

roaring began to flee, saying; Great

is the God of the Christians, who can snatch

those believing in him from tribulation.

[14] And therefore the Priests of the Pagans, confounded

vehemently, is beheaded. and lifting the holy one of God, brought him

before the governor, and made known the perdition

of their gods, how into the lower

hell he had sent them. Therefore the Governor said to S.

Lupercius: Hardened is thy heart, as I see,

Lupercius, because thou wilt not adore our gods:

wherefore I order thee outside the city by the apparitors

to be led, and to undergo capital sentence…

… on the 4th day of the Kalends of July, our Lord

Jesus Christ reigning, together with the Father and the Holy

Spirit, unto the ages of the ages. Amen.

NOTES BY D. P.

p Here again something seems to have dropped out, namely, "But S. Lupercius suffered."

* or dost thou reproach? and he professes himself a Christian,

Notes

a. city of Gascony, melted lead
a. City is named, such as the metropolis of the Elusates was,
a. Eulogy of this kind. [Saussajus following the same,] On the fourth of the Kalends of July, in
a. Priest; when, I say, the chosen one of God,
a. most excellent warrior was made; and offering himself
a. vine the shoots, the virtues began to bear fruit: nor
a. half miles no men dared make a journey,
a. great serpent. [At the age of 26 he heals a paralytic.] And when he was twenty-six
a. Count over many thousands of men, and had received
a. soldier I was over a great number, but returning
a. letter throughout the world of the earth, saying:
a. magana [wheel-engine] to be made, and with sharp nails he studded it,
a. bronze bed to be brought, and on it to be stretched; and
a. great stone to be tied, and smoke to his nostrils
a. certain woman said: Holy lord, there is born
a. I know not what the title of Priest does here, unless perhaps that the author may gratify those who more recently mixed the name of Lupercius among the Bishops of Elusa, the more ancient Catalogues protesting.
b. Hence the Parenthesis, removed, which disturbed the sense, I have placed (as I believe) in its native place.
c. This is Illuro in Antoninus; and in the old little book of the Provinces, the city of the Eloronenses; in Sidonius Oloronensis, by the river of like name in Béarn, under the roots of the Pyrenees, which was distant from Elusa about 24 leagues.
d. I would prefer to read Gerisa, for commonly it is called Giers, and in the Life of S. Saturninus the river is named Gertanus.
e. Better perhaps, Echidna: for ἔχις, ἔχιδνα, is a viper.
f. Bosquet aptly notes these things. That Dacianus governed the provinces of Aquitaine of the Gauls, and of Tarraconensis of the Spains, at this time (that is about the year 292) is read in the Acta of the Martyrs: which I would not dare to affirm to be true. For the administrations of the Gauls and of the Spains were always diverse, which were also afterward subjected to the disposition of two Vicars. Yet it may be that the name of Dacianus, on account of the various slaughters of the Christians in the Spains, known to the neighboring Aquitanians and Narbonensians, was inserted into the Acta of the Gallic Martyrs by later writers: which here altogether appears to have been done. But how is Dacianus here feigned a citizen of Helisona? and what are the 14 Sees, over which he reigned? In both Codices, "See" is a name of dignity, wont to be attributed generally to the Prefects of the Praetorium, whence "your illustrious, renowned, most eminent See," etc.; just as now would be said "your Highness" or "Majesty." Or did he mean this, that to the one Dacianus there was power equal to 14 Praetors or at least prefects?
g. The dignity of Senators in Gaul under the emperors was great, and proper to Roman nobility, concerning whom see more fully the Glossary of Cange: but concerning the Elders of the Franks and Germans, Hadrian Valesius, in the Notice of the Gauls, at the name Rotomagus.
h. Or does the Author forget, that a little before he sent the twelve-year-old Saint to the desert? But where, or over whom, had he exercised this power, brought to Helisona, taken and chained; and, before he was ten years old, having gone forth from his own country: and that, as it appears, for the cause of preaching the faith, not of handling arms?
i. An enormous hyperbole, for what more could have been said of the Emperor Diocletian himself? But this one never so raged, nor was so prodigal of his own esteem, that for such a cause he should propose an edict, openly attesting the impotence of his own and his gods against the magic arts of the Christians.
k. Magana, otherwise Mangana, in the middle age were called warlike engines for hurling, in number as much singular as plural, and the word seems to be derived from the Greco-barbarians.
l. Ἀθήνη to the Greeks, Pallas to the Latins, is distinguished by name only from her who to these [Latins] is Diana, to those [Greeks] Ἄρτεμις: but as the Greek to the Latins, so this [Diana] to those [Greeks] are unusual words.
m. Amandorus is unknown to both, whence it crept in here I know not. Perhaps it was the opinion of some that the Rock of the Lover, commonly Rocamadour, a town in the neighboring district of Cahors, whose nomenclature others render otherwise, was named from a native and proper Aquitanian name: an opinion merely conjectural, nor founded in any author. What further I should say of Ypoculus, not even conjecture suggests.
n. Concerning the 78 gods, whose mother Diana was said to be, hitherto I have read nothing in the Poets: and all make Diana a Virgin.
o. It seems that something has here dropped out, by which the Saint was said, as if with changed mind, to have feigned that he wished to sacrifice.

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