THE SAINTS WHO ARE HONORED ON THE KALENDS OF JUNE.

Saint Clarus, Bishop, Martyr at Lactora in Novempopulania. St. Justinus, Martyr at Rome. St. Chariton, Martyr at Rome. St. Charito, Martyr at Rome. St. Euelpistus, Martyr at Rome. St. Hierax, Martyr at Rome. St. Peon, Martyr at Rome. St. Valerianus, or Liberianus, Martyr at Rome. St. Thespesius, Martyr in Cappadocia. St. Felinus, Martyr, translated from Perusia to Arona. St. Gratianus, Martyr, translated from Perusia to Arona. St. Ammon, Martyr, at Alexandria in Egypt. St. Zenon, Martyr, at Alexandria in Egypt. St. Ptolomæus, Martyr, at Alexandria in Egypt. St. Ingenes, Martyr, at Alexandria in Egypt. St. Theophilus, Martyr, at Alexandria in Egypt. St. Ischyrion, Martyr, at Alexandria in Egypt. Sixteen thousand of the Holy Egyptian Martyrs. St. Florentius, Martyr of Perusia. St. Julianus, Martyr of Perusia. St. Cyriacus, Martyr of Perusia. St. Marcellinus, Martyr of Perusia. St. Faustinus, Martyr of Perusia. St. Reverianus, Bishop, Martyr, at Autun in Gaul. St. Paulus, Presbyter, Martyr, at Autun in Gaul. Ten Holy Companions, Martyrs, at Autun in Gaul. St. Octavius, Martyr, at Thessalonica in Macedonia. St. Zosimus, Martyr at Antioch. St. Tecla, Virgin, Martyr at Antioch. St. Crispinus, Martyr in Africa. St. Juventius, Martyr at Rome. St. Cyriacus, Martyr at Rome. St. Exuperantius, Martyr at Rome. St. Heraclia, Martyr at Rome. St. Juventius, Martyr, translated from Rome into Gaul. St. Lucia, Virgin, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Aucia, King, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Rogatus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Germanus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Silvanus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Bullodus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Cecilia, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Tertulus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Lauta, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Victoria, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Gagus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Fortunatus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Maxima, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Paulina, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Appia, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Castulus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Coteusa, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Novella, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Agapa, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Carra, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Ururia, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Bublasa, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Fortunatus II, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Martinus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Saturninus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Bajanus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Rogatianus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Honoratus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Donatus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Martianus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Saturninus II, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Potinus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Paulus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Petrurius, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Rutilia, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Flavius, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Quietia, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Januaria, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Novella, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Januarius, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Gosia, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Fœdosa, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Victorina, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Matrona, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Castula II, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Rogatiana, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Quintus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Marcus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Gemina, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Martialis, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Mitunus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Paulus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Vericus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Cassus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Saturninus III, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Felix, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Martinus II, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Donatus II, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Rogatus II, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Joannes, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Fortunatus III, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Donatianus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Marcianus II, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Sailes, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Castus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Januarius II, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Donatus III, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Hortensus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Saturnina, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Malchus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Silvanus II, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Quintus II, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Felicia, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Sillesia, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Januaria II, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Fortunata, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Victuria, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Maria, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Prima, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Gemellina, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Faustina, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Novella II, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Donata, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Getulia, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Baricus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Urbana, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Romana, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Prima, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Tertula, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Casta, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Maxima II, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Urbana II, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Optata, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Matrona II, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Melosa, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Metunus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Majorus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Secunda, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Urbana III, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Gemellina III, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Saturnina II, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Procusa, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Surdida, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Silvana, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Rufina, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Nina, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Sepacus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Vincentius, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Priscus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Hilarus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Felix II, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Castula III, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Publius, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Arabus, and 120 others, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Lupus, and 13 others, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Catulinus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Publasus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Martinus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Gajanus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Marcellianus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Fledus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Marcellianus II, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Marcus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Castus II, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Major, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Proculus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Epagatus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Tertius, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Sillica, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Fertula, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Majosa, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Timotheus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Marcellinus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Rutilus, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Germanus II, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Joannes II, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Maxima, Martyr at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. Another 75 or 172, Martyrs at Thessalonica, or in part at Rome. St. Proculus, Soldier, Martyr at Bologna in Italy. St. Secundus, Martyr, at Ameria in Umbria. St. Agapitus, Martyr, at Pergula in Italy. St. Justina, Virgin, Martyr, at Pergula in Italy. St. Crescentianus, or Crescentinus, Martyr, at Tifernum in Umbria. St. Justinus, Martyr, at Tifernum in Umbria. St. Griccivianus, Martyr, at Tifernum in Umbria. St. Virianus, Martyr, at Tifernum in Umbria. St. Orphitus, Martyr, at Tifernum in Umbria. St. Euxuperantius, Martyr, at Tifernum in Umbria. St. Benedictus, Martyr, at Tifernum in Umbria. St. Eutropius, Martyr, at Tifernum in Umbria. St. Fortunatus, Martyr, at Tifernum in Umbria. St. Pamphilus, Presbyter, Martyr at Caesarea in Palestine. St. Valens, Deacon, Martyr at Caesarea in Palestine. St. Paulus, Confessor, Martyr at Caesarea in Palestine. St. Firmus, Martyr, among the Greeks. St. Neon, Martyr, among the Greeks. St. Pyrrhus, Bishop, among the Greeks. St. Claudius, Bishop of Vienne in Gaul. St. Jovinus, in the diocese of Poitiers in Gaul. St. Fortunatus, Presbyter, in the diocese of Spoleto in Italy. St. Medulphus, Hermit in Auvergne. St. Proculus, Bishop, Martyr, at Bologna in Italy. St. Ronanus, Bishop, Hermit in Armorican Britain. St. Photinus, Confessor, in the diocese of Namur in Belgium. St. Caprasius, Abbot of the monastery of Lérins. St. Wistanus, of the royal lineage of the Mercians in England. St. Symeon, recluse at the gate of Trier. St. Eneco, Abbot of Oña in Spain. St. Conradus or Cuno, Archbishop-designate of Trier. St. Gaudentius, Bishop of Arbe in Dalmatia. St. Agapitus, Monk in Russia. St. Dionysius, Monk in Russia. Blessed Theobaldus, Confessor, at Alba Pompeia in Insubria. Blessed Pelingottus, of the Third Order of St. Francis, at Urbino in Italy.

PASSED OVER AND DEFERRED TO OTHER DAYS. The work of R. P. Godefridus Henschenius of pious memory, where the letters set in the margin do not indicate otherwise.

D. P.

The name of Bl. Bonfilius, first General of the Order of Servites, is noted on this day, as the day of his death (which he died at Florence in the year 1262), in the General Catalogue of the Saints who are not in the Roman Martyrology, in Ferrarius; but by an error, which the author himself seems to have wished corrected in the Alphabetical Index, noting not the 1st of June but the 1st of January: on which day Gianius too, in the Annals of his Order, writes that he died. From these and other sources we shall be able to treat of him more fully (if in the meantime his public cult has been proved to us) on the said day, 1 January.

The blessed memory of Raymund, Confessor of the Order of Preachers, has been inserted in the written additions of the Charterhouse of Brussels to Greven. We have given his Life and the Bull of Canonization on 7 January.

SS. Hermylus and Stratonicus, Martyrs at Singidunum in Moesia, are recorded by the Greeks in the Menaea and in the Menologion of Sirleto, but with a greater encomium when we gave their Acts together with the Latin ones, on 13 January.

D. P.

Bl. Archangela of Trino is noted on this day in the Acies bene ordinata of the Saints and Blessed of the Carmelite Order; and the author adds in his manuscript Notes that her anniversary day is celebrated by the consent and particular indult of Ludovico Gonzaga, Bishop of Mantua, and of his other successors. But that day, both in Lezana and in Daniel a Virgine Maria in Latin, and in the Italian Life printed at Guastalla in the year 1686, is said to have been 25 January.

For which day we hope to obtain, transcribed from the original, the little book written immediately after her death on her Life and miracles, which Hippolito Donesmondi, Part 2 of the History of Mantua, at the year 1495, asserts is preserved in the monastery at Mantua that bears the name of the Little Carmel.

Paula the younger, a Roman Virgin, granddaughter of St. Paula the Widow, is commemorated with the title of Saint by Carlo Bartolomeo Piazza in the Sanctuary, or perpetual Roman Menology. We have not found her name in any Fasti, nor does this author indicate in what Church she is venerated, or in which her Relics are preserved. For the rest, what could be said of her is contained in the Life of St. Paula her grandmother, number 42, on 26 January.

St. Probatius, Priest at Nogent in the district of Paris, is venerated today and his birthday is so called. We gave his Life when the finding of his Relics is celebrated, on 4 February.

The deposition of St. Apollinaris, Confessor and Doctor, at Antioch, has been inserted in the manuscript Florarium of the Saints. We inquired into this matter at the Life of St. Claudius Apollinaris, Bishop of Hierapolis, § I, on 7 February.

A second translation of St. Secundus the Martyr, made at Asti in Liguria in the year 1597, is indicated by Ferrarius in the General Catalogue from the Tables of the Church of Asti, read by himself. We gave the various Acts of St. Secundus, with several Translations, on his birthday, 30 March.

The translation of SS. Felix, Fortunatus, and Achilleus, Martyrs, into Navarre, to the monastery of St. George of Azuelo, is recorded in the Lusitanian Hagiology of Cardoso, who writes that they were Lusitanians by birth. We gave the Acts of their life and martyrdom, by a contemporary author (where we also made mention of the said translation), on 23 April.

SS. Florentius and Vindemialis, Bishops, Patrons of Treviso, are recorded by Ferrarius in the Catalogue of the Saints of Italy, on account of their bodies preserved there. We gave their Acts on 11 May.

The translation of St. Eulogius, Priest and Martyr of Córdoba, to Oviedo, is indicated by Galesinius and Ferrarius: we treated of it before his Life on 11 March.

The Translation of the bodies of St. Maximus and St. Venerandus, Martyrs, St. Vulframnus and St. Erembertus, Bishops, and St. Condedus, Priest, at Fontenelle, a monastery of the diocese of Rouen, is recorded by Saussay and Molanus, and that of SS. Vulframnus and Erembertus by Wion, Dorganius, and Bucelinus, from the Breviary of Fontenelle. This Translation is treated at length after the Life of St. Vulframnus, illustrated by us at page 49, on 20 March.

But the Life of St. Erembertus, Bishop, we gave on 14 May.

The Acts of the martyrdom of SS. Maximus and Venerandus on 25 May.

And the Life of St. Condedus is to be given on 21 October.

St. Firmus, Martyr, on account of his body translated from Rome to Vienna in Austria in the year 1643, to the church of St. Joseph of the Teresians, is venerated there with a double Office, as we said where we treated of St. Fabius on 21 May.

St. Hilary, Bishop of Toulouse, and indeed both the first and the second of that name, is recorded in the Gallican Martyrology of Saussay. We treated of him at length, and inquired whether two of the same name are to be posited, on 21 May.

St. Florentius, monk, who died on this day at Foligno, is recorded by Jacobilli in his work on the Saints of Umbria, and by Ferrarius in the General Catalogue. Laid to rest in the Cathedral church there, he is venerated today with the rite of a Double: but, because his deeds, written by St. Gregory the Great, are bound up with the Acts of St. Eutychius, Abbot in the district of Norcia, they are venerated together in the Roman Martyrology, which we too have followed, on 24 May.

St. Vincent, monk of the monastery of Lérins, is recorded today by Petrus de Natalibus, Canisius, and others; as we said at his Life, on 24 May.

The translation of St. John I, Pope and Martyr, is recorded in the manuscript Florarium of the Saints. We treated of it at his Life, on 27 May.

SS. Sisinnius, Martyrius, and Alexander, Martyrs in the district of Trent, are recorded with a long encomium in the Viola Sanctorum printed at Hagenau in the year 1508. We gave their Acts on 29 May.

A certain elevation of St. Madelgisilus the Hermit is written to have been made today at Centula, as we said at his Acts, on 30 May.

St. Petronilla, Virgin, was accustomed to be venerated on this day in the Church of Aquileia, being transferred, namely, on account of the solemnity of SS. Cantius, Cantianus, and Cantianilla. We treated of her and of others on 31 May.

St. Vincent, Martyr at Rome, is recorded by Molanus, Greven, and others: he is, with the first letter transposed, St. Juventius, or Inventius, who is venerated on this day with three other Martyrs. Indeed in some manuscripts he is called Viventius, by a more usual name, as we shall say below.

D. P.

Stephen and Lya, a married couple brought from Germany; Benedict, Bishop, Paul, Abbot, Leo and Donatus, Martin and Mark, their sons; John, Deacon, Lya's brother; Martyrs in Lucania under the Saracens.

They are offered to us from a copy of a certain very ancient (as it is said) manuscript Codex, communicated by the Abbot Gaetani, and preserved among the collectanea of Cardinal Baronius in the Vallicellian Library at Rome under the letter O: as if brought into Italy by Louis the Pious to restore the bishoprics and monasteries; and as though the bodies of all of them had been found together, by the revelation of St. Mark the Evangelist, in the same place where they had suffered, near the city of Atissa in Lucania; whither, namely, the father had withdrawn with five sons, after various torments endured for the faith in the city of Pallonia of the same Lucania, under the Prince Pallonius, who was laying waste the Italian Provinces and was a worshipper of Jove and of the other gods of heathendom, having come out sound and whole when the prison was, as it is said, opened by God: by the fame of which martyrdom Lya, roused from the Province of Fermo where she was living, with Mark still at the breast and with her brother, is said to have breathed her last while praying with them at the tomb of her husband and sons; and this in the time of Justin and of Louis the Pious, Emperors, when Lucania was being laid waste first by the Parthians, brought from the North, and then by the Saracens from Cilicia. And the bodies are said to have been found in the year of the Incarnation 1039, while King Henry III, son of the Emperor Conrad II, was governing the Roman commonwealth, in the second year of his reign, or (as is read at the end) in the third year of his reign. How badly all these things hang together, no one even moderately versed in history fails to see. The times of Justin and of Louis are enormously at variance, namely by three whole centuries: Italy, old or new, knows no cities of Atissa and Pallonia. Henry, the Third of this name among the Kings of Germany, first began to reign at the death of his father Conrad, which occurred in that very year 1039: nor could you easily grasp whom the fabler means by Parthians from the North, unless perhaps the Tartars, whom we nowhere read to have penetrated into Italy. Rightly therefore did Baronius despise so absurd a rhapsody, and did not deign to name it anywhere: among all the writers on the Saints of Italy, too, there is deep silence about these.

Justus and Virianus, Martyrs, are indicated by Greven and Canisius, and Virianus also by Bellinus and Molanus. Virianus seems to be assigned by Saussay to Vienne; but on account of Ferrarius, who, citing Maurolycus, brings forward in the Notes what he here attributes to Viventius, better called Juventius (of whom we shall treat more broadly below), we wish greater light to be brought to us.

St. Eusebius, Martyr, is indicated in a Carmelite manuscript, perhaps on account of the Relics of some Eusebius brought to some Convent of that Order.

St. Theocus, Priest at Noyon, is indicated in the manuscript Florarium. He is hitherto unknown to us. Nor is there mention of him in the Calendar of the Breviary of Noyon, nor in Saussay.

Martyrius, Bishop of Vienne, has been inscribed in the manuscript Florarium. But since there was no such Bishop at Vienne, we have not yet been able to learn whether such a one came there from elsewhere, or whether his Relics were translated there.

Helladius, Eladius, Gallus, is added to St. Claudius, Bishop of Vienne, or is put in his place, in some Martyrologies, as we examine below at the latter's Birthday.

Ludgard, a devout matron of Christ, offering her whole patrimony to the congregation of Holy Virgins which St. Anschar ordained at Brixmon, nourished the choir of chastity for the heavenly Bridegroom under her leadership. So Krantz, book 1 of the Metropolis, chapter 41. Wion recorded her in the Appendix, because her Birthday is unknown and she is not venerated, adding the title of Saint. Menard followed. But Arturus recorded her at this day in the Gynaeceum. What exists about her we have already related from Krantz, nor do we dare to hope for more from elsewhere.

Leonartius, Bishop and Confessor in Britain, has been inserted in the said manuscript Florarium: but who he was, we have not yet been able to make out.

Dicullus, Hermit of the monastery of Bosham, is commemorated as a Saint by Camerarius in the Scottish Menology: but by Dempster his Elevation is recorded on this day, and his Birthday on 11 February; on which day Ferrarius, citing Dempster, puts forward "Bosanhamus, Hermit," with a greater error, but this has been emended at the present day, and Dicullus is read. Camerarius alleges the Life of St. Wilfrid, which we gave by the author Eadmer on 24 April, where at number 46 the labours undertaken by him in Sussex are treated, and the following is added: There was there a certain Monk of the nation of the Scots, named Diculus, who had a very small monastery in the place which is called Bosanham, or Boschan, between Chichester and the island of Thorney, by the lake towards Hampton. Another is Dicullus the Priest, in the Life of St. Fursey in Bede, book 3, chapter 19; who in the other Life of St. Fursey, 16 January, number 37, is called Tibulla. Concerning him Colgan, at the Life of the same Fursey, page 92, does not dare to define which he is of the nine of the name Dicullus there set forth: with whom we too agree that the cult and birthday of both are unknown. Dempster, in the Ecclesiastical History of the Nation of the Scots, page 203, has fused both into one man, and, after his manner, invents a book written by him.

Albert, Bishop of Riga, lawgiver of the Militia of the Sword-Bearers, has been inscribed with the title of Blessed in the Cistercian Menology of Chrysostomus Henriquez. But Claude Chalemot abstains from the title of Blessed, as does Krantz too; on account of whose account Chalemot doubts whether he was really a Cistercian. He is much praised in book 1 of the History of Livonia, which Balthasar Russow published in German.

Peter, Hermit in the hermitage of Fonte Avellana, is indicated by Menard, but only with the title of Venerable.

Valentius, Priest, buried before the church in the Province of Valeria, who held fast a thief of a wether before the sheepfolds, is commemorated with the title of Saint by Petrus de Natalibus, book 11, chapter 101, because he did not know his Birthday. Ghinius referred him to the first day of June: and St. Gregory, book 3 of the Dialogue, chapter 22, is cited by both. But he does not express the name of Priest; and what he narrates he asserts he received from his Abbot Valentinianus. Hence we desire more exact records of the cult of this Anonymous.

Peter, disciple of St. Robert, Abbot at Molesme, who passed from there to Cîteaux and was renowned for pious works, is recorded on this day with the title of Blessed by Chrysostomus Henriquez in the Cistercian Menology, by Claude Chalemot in the Series of the Saints and Blessed and illustrious men of the Cistercian Order, and by Gabriel Bucelinus in the Benedictine Menology. But Saussay in the Gallican Martyrology reckons him only among the Pious: nor have I found him in the Cistercian Calendar printed at Dijon under the year 1617. We gave on 29 April the Life of St. Robert, first Abbot of Cîteaux, where there is nothing about him.

Germanus, King of Sardinia, afterwards a Monk of the Cistercian Order, is commemorated by Ferrarius in the General Catalogue, as though his memory were recalled at Cagliari; but in the Notes he alleges the Tables and records of the Church of Cagliari, unknown to us; and he adds that something is found about him in the Laurea Evangelica. Angel Manrique published this, and in book 3, discourse 7, treats of the men of the Order illustrious for Sanctity; but without mention of this Germanus; whose memory is passed over in no less silence by Chrysostomus Henriquez, Claude Chalemot, Bucelinus, and others.

D. P.

But I fear lest in alleging the Tables of the Church of Cagliari Manrique was as unlucky as Ferrarius. For Dionisio Bonfant, in the Triumph of the Saints of Sardinia, book 13, chapter 40, in order to assign this King to the people of Cagliari, relies on the authority of Ferrarius alone, and of the Laurea badly alleged by him. Meanwhile, having changed and enlarged the words of Ferrarius (so that he must seem to have read them elsewhere than in his Catalogue, though it is cited in the margin), and having changed also the name of the pretended Saint, he makes him begin thus: On the Kalends of June St. Gumerus of Cagliari, King of Sardinia, etc.: then (as if he were weaving a longer eulogy) he adds: This King of Sardinia lived in the time of St. Bernard, Abbot of Clairvaux. And because at that time the Pisans had committed Sardinia, obtained by arms, to be ruled by four Judges designated by themselves, he invents Gumerus as the son of one of them, Constantine, who, just like the rest, usurped for himself the name of King: who also fell into the contempt of the common people when he was made a Monk, and gave occasion to a proverb commonly used of a stupid man, Miradi ita Gunari, that is, Behold what sort of man Gumerus is. Finally Manrique reproves Father Pinto for having called into doubt whether St. Gumarus (to whom indeed a church stands dedicated on the promontory of Cagliari, called by the Sardinians de santu Gunaru), whether, I say, this St. Gunarus is other than St. Januarius; which doubt seems to me not at all absurd; granted that now (the more distinct knowledge of him to whom the church is dedicated having been abolished) the more recent people, accustomed to the Roman Martyrology, have learned rather to pronounce the full name of Januarius when the talk is of the Patron of the City of Naples; whom, however, nothing prevents us from thinking to have been venerated there under the name of Gunaru, and perhaps before the times of the Pisans. But we leave these things further to be judged by the Sardinians themselves; and we are content to have indicated here why we more often hesitate to applaud that Triumph.

Conrad, sprung from a famous family of Barons, monk and chief scribe in the monastery of the Cistercian Order at Heyna, or Hegena, which was formerly in Hesse, conspicuous for the grace of his virtues, is recorded in the Calendar of the Cistercian Order printed at Dijon in the year 1617, and is commemorated with the title of Blessed by Henriquez, Chalemot, Bucelinus, and Jongelinus in the Abbeys of Hesse and Thuringia. An ancient Missal of the Order is alleged, in which the following is read: Conrad, monk in the monastery of Egena in Hesse, continually shining with much glory of miracles. In this way the Obituals, as they call them, or the days of death of illustrious men, are accustomed to be noted in Calendars and Martyrologies; nor is their cult or Ecclesiastical veneration known from that. Secondly there are alleged the Collections of Philippe Seguin, Prior of Chaalis in the diocese of Senlis, which, if they are ever printed, will allow a more certain judgment to be passed on the whole matter.

Alfonso Navarrete, of the Order of Preachers, the first Martyr in Japan, is recorded on these Kalends of June in the Holy Year of the Order of St. Dominic, printed in French and Flemish. But his virtues and martyrdom are described by Juan Rehac in the Triumph of the Martyrs, chapter 5 and the three following.

Jeanne de Durve, the first Abbess made for the Colettine Poor Clares at Chambéry in Savoy in the year 1470, displayed many marks of sanctity in her life: and that her body, a hundred years after her death, was found whole and most sweetly fragrant, is written by Wadding in the Annals and by Harold in the Epitome at the said year, without indicating the year or day of her death, or adding the title of Blessed; which Arturus does in the Franciscan Martyrology and the Sacred Gynaeceum, alleging the history of Nicolas Fodéré, from which Wadding professes to have drawn the knowledge of her and of Marie Cavalier, found together with her in the same way.

Leonard of Assisi, companion of St. Francis on the first Syrian journey, is recorded by the same Arturus at this day too with the title of Blessed: of whom nothing is known that is not contained in the Life of St. Francis, when, if he has an Ecclesiastical cult, he can be treated of more broadly.

Pierre Nodé, Provincial of the Order of Minims, is indicated, not without the repute of eminent sanctity, to have died and to lie at Nigeon; but among the Pious, in the Gallican Martyrology of Saussay.

In the monastery of Bl. Germanus at Paris, the dedication of the crypts in honour and veneration of the Mother of God Mary and of Bl. Peter the Apostle, and of the Holy Martyrs George, Aurelius, and Nathalia, where the principal altar is consecrated to the name of the same Virgin and of Bl. Peter and of all the Apostles. And at the head of the holy Martyrs is an altar in honour of St. Michael and of all the blessed heavenly Powers. And at their feet, of SS. Vincent, Sebastian, Christopher, Andochius, Thyrsus, and Felix. There is there also an altar in honour of Macarius, Dionysius, Rusticus, and Eleutherius, and of all the Holy Martyrs. Also another of St. Marcellus, of Genevieve the Virgin, of Savinus, Audoenus, Anobertus, and of all Confessors and Virgins. So Usuard in the original Martyrology which exists in the monastery of Saint-Germain-des-Prés, written before the death of Charles the Bald, to whom the author dedicated it, as Jean Mabillon taught us. Wherefore we judged that this memorial should be indicated here.

The reception of the bodies of SS. Marcellinus and Peter, Martyrs, at Ghent, is read in Saussay, in the Gallican Martyrology. We give the Acts on 2 June.

SS. Alcibiades and companions, Martyrs at Lyons under Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, are named today by Ferrarius in the General Catalogue. They suffered in the company of St. Photinus, Bishop, and are venerated together on 2 June.

The birthday of St. Erasmus is found in a manuscript of Monte Cassino. He himself is venerated on 2 June.

Agoardus, Bishop of Lyons, is put forward with the title of Saint by Ghinius in the Birthdays of the Saints Canons. But Saussay and others record him (though generally among the Pious) on 6 June.

St. Philip, Priest at Caesarea in Palestine, is commemorated in the manuscripts of Liège of St. Lambert and of St. Lawrence: by others on 6 June.

Rodulphus, Bishop of Gubbio, a man of great austerity, is brought forward as a Saint by Menard in the Benedictine Martyrology. Wion too, in book 2, among the Bishops of Gubbio, honours the same with the title of Saint, and asserts that he died on 26 June. But Ughelli, among the Bishops of Gubbio, abstains from every title of Saint and Blessed, although he cites Wion himself. We shall treat of him on 26 June.

St. Theobald, Abbot of Vangadizza in the diocese of Adria in Italy, of the Camaldolese Order, who died on these Kalends of June and was laid to rest there, is venerated with the greatest celebrity. So Ferrarius, Wion, Dorganius, Bucelinus; and the same man is thought to be the one who lived as a Hermit at Salanica near Vicenza, translated after his death to this city. But Agostino Fiorentino asserts that his body was translated from Vicenza to Vangadizza. This controversy will be set forth more fittingly at the Acts of St. Theobald, Hermit of Salanica; where, although it will be said that this St. Theobald the Abbot, who is accustomed to be venerated today, is another than he, we nevertheless refer the Reader to §3 of the other preliminary Commentary to the Acts on 30 June.

D. P.

Bl. Bartholomew, Bishop of Vicenza and afterwards Patriarch of Jerusalem, died in the year 1270, on which occasion we said much about him after Volume 7 of May, in the Paralipomena to Volume 3, to which the Series of those Patriarchs is prefixed; and there we promised to give his Life on this day, but by an error: for there should have been written, both there and on 21 May among the Passed Over, 1 July.

Laudulphus, Bishop at Lodi, is indicated as a Saint by Galesinius; as Blessed, by Ferrarius in the General Catalogue, and by Ughelli in Volume 4 among the Bishops of Asti: who, from the Calendar of an ancient Breviary of the Church of Asti, asserts that he died when he can be treated of, on 9 July.

SS. Wulfad and Ruffin, Martyrs in England, are recorded in the English Martyrology of the first edition, and by Ferrarius citing it. But what is said there, as though they had been slain in hatred of the faith by their own father King Wulfhere, we rejected at length at the Life of St. Ermenilda, Queen, wife of the said Wulfhere, on 13 February, §3. Their cult, however, is defended by Alford in the Annals of the Anglo-Saxon Church, at the year 669, numbers 9 and 10, and together with the English Martyrology of the second edition he says they suffered (when that matter can be examined) on 24 July.

Epidius, Bishop and Confessor, has been added to the Additions of Greven to Usuard. He seems to be St. Helpidius, Bishop of Lyons, to be referred to 2 September.

Juvencus, Priest and Evangelical poet, has been inscribed in the Spanish Martyrology of Tamayo Salazar, who cites the manuscript Martyrology of Jerónimo Román de la Higuera: perhaps for this reason, that on this day St. Juventius, Martyr at Rome, is venerated. The same Tamayo nevertheless, as though little trusting that manuscript, defers his Birthday to the day (when his cult can be examined) 12 September.

The translation of the relics of St. Cyprian at Ronse in Flanders is commemorated by Molanus, Canisius, and Saussay. His birthday is 14 September.

The dedication of the Church of St. Nicomedes, Priest and Martyr, at Rome, is indicated by Rabanus, Usuard, Ado, and Notker, and these two add: Whose martyrdom is celebrated on the 17th day before the Kalends of October. In some manuscripts it is called the Birthday of St. Nicomedes, and in the Paris Apograph of the Hieronymian Martyrology he is put in among the four Roman Martyrs, Juventius and the others, as their companion. In various Churches of Poland he is venerated with an Office of three Lessons. He will be treated of, with the Roman Martyrology and Breviary, on 15 September.

The Elevation of the bodies of St. Gaudinus, St. Principius, St. Lupus, Bishops, and St. Agricola, Priest, is indicated by Saussay, Molanus, Galesinius, Ferrarius: of these St. Gaudinus is venerated, as we then said, on 11 February.

St. Principius, brother of St. Remigius, on 25 September.

St. Lupus, his successor in the Bishopric, on 19 October.

St. Agricola, Priest, wrongly called a Bishop, on 20 October.

St. Romedius, Confessor of Trent, is recorded with some eulogy by Ferrarius in the Catalogue of the Saints of Italy, because on the first Sunday of the month of June the Dedication of his Church is celebrated: whose feast day, he forewarns, is kept on the 15th day of January. But (as we noted at the said day) in the Life which Rader exhibited from old manuscripts in Volume 3 of Bavaria Sancta, with some Martyrologies agreeing, he is said to have died and to be venerated on 1 October.

Damian, Priest of Commervaldia, who received the Relics of St. Andrew brought into Scotland by St. Regulus, is put forward by Dempster in the Scottish Menology on this day; by Camerarius on the following day. He can be treated of either with St. Regulus, commemorated by both, on 17 October,

or at the Acts of St. Andrew the Apostle, on 30 November.

St. Florus, Bishop, believed to have been sent by St. Peter the Apostle into Narbonese Gaul and made first Bishop of Lodève, is recorded by Jacques Branche in his book on the Saints of Auvergne and Velay.

D. P.

The memory of our holy father Hypatius occurs today in the printed Menaea and in various manuscript Synaxaria. We suspect he is the same who is noted with the title of Bishop of Gangra in the Typikon of the Greeks, and without any designation in the Coptic Synaxarion, and whom we shall record with the Latins on 14 November.

The translation of St. Amator, Bishop of Autun, has been inscribed in the manuscript Florarium. His birthday is 26 November.

St. Proculus, Bishop of Terni, Martyr at Bologna, is venerated there in the Parish Church of St. Proculus the Soldier, and is recorded from the Strozzi manuscript and by Ferrarius in the Catalogue of the Saints of Italy. We say some things about him on this day at the Life of St. Proculus the Soldier, and shall give more on his Birthday, 1 December.

The translation of SS. Ghislain, Sulpicius the Bishop, and Leocadia the Virgin is celebrated in the monastery of Celle, now called Saint-Ghislain, as Molanus indicates in the Birthdays of the Saints of Belgium, at his Birthday (which others place at this day), 9 October.

Of St. Sulpicius, Bishop, we treated on 17 January.

Of St. Leocadia, Virgin, we shall have to treat on 9 December.

D. P.

The passion of SS. Ischyrion, Commander, and five Soldiers, killed by various martyrdoms in Egypt under Diocletian, is praised in today's Roman Martyrology, unknown to all the older Fasti of the Greeks and Latins: wherefore, although Baronius in the Notes adds that they are treated of among the Greeks, and warns that they are different from those who suffered under Decius, of whom Eusebius treats from the letter of Dionysius of Alexandria, book 6, chapter 42, we nevertheless do not dare to think them different, until a clearer knowledge of them is offered to us from somewhere. For we know that Baronius, by whose judgment above all the renewal and enlargement of the Martyrology proceeded, being ignorant of the Greek language, was helped as regards the Saints of the Greeks only by the Menology which Sirleto had translated for him, in which no Ischyrion appears: we therefore fear that some smatterer imposed on him; and with his good leave we defer further treatment of these Martyrs until 22 December.